Iparele isihlahla esihle sezithelo ezinezithelo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo ezinezimpawu ezahlukile zokunambitha. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezinhle, eliphondo lizoletha ukuvuna okunothile (cishe amakhilogremu ayi-100 esihlahleni esisodwa sabadala) amashumishumi eminyaka. Esimweni sethu sezulu obusika obubandayo nehlobo elishisayo, lesi sitshalo sezithelo sizizwa sisihle.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zamapheya
- "Ubuhle be-Samara" luhlobo oluvimbela isithwathwa ezinezithelo ezinoshukela nezinoshukela.
- "I-Cathedral" - uhlobo olungenakuqashelwa lokuvuthwa okubandayo oluvimbela ukuqalisa nge-acidity encane ezithelweni.
- I- "Muscovite" iyinhlobo yokuqala yokuvuthwa enezithelo ezinamakha, ezimnandi nezithambile.
- I- "Lada" iyinhlobo engamelana nokubanda, engatheleleki ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
- "I-Tenderness" - ehlukahlukene ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu nezithelo ezinamakha ezinoshukela.
- I- "Nectar" iyinhlobonhlobo yokukhiqiza ephezulu enezithelo ezinoshukela nezomuncu.
Isikhathi nosuku lokufika
Ukutshala i-pearl, udinga ukukhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele hhayi semvula. Isikhathi esithandeka kakhulu nguSeptemba-Okthoba (ngaphambi kokuqala kweziqandisi zasekwindla), yize abanye abalimi betshala i-pearl entwasahlobo.
Ukufika ekwindla kunezici ezinhle:
- Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo zokubeletha zinokukhethwa okukhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zezithombo;
- Izithombo ezithengiwe enkulisa sezithole amandla ehlobo futhi sezikhulile;
- Isikhathi sasebusika sezihlahla ezincane kuzoba isikhathi sokuqina futhi sizenze zikhuthale ngokwengeziwe;
- Izihlahla ezinjalo ngeke zisaba izithako eziyingozi zasentwasahlobo.
Iparele libhekwa njengesihlahla esikhulu futhi ngenxa yokutshala kwaso amakhono athile okusebenza ngezitshalo zezithelo kanye nolwazi oluningi kuyadingeka.
Ukukhetha isiza nokulungiselela
Beka
Ukutshala i-pearl, kufanele ukhethe ngokushesha indawo ehlala njalo, ngoba umuthi awuphenduli kahle ekufakweni. Lokhu kufanele kube yindawo evulekile ngokukhanya okuhle nokushisa okwanele kwelanga. Ngokuthi uma muva nje umuthi uzothola umqhele omfushane futhi opholile (cishe amamitha ayi-5 ububanzi), ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho ezinye izitebhisi ezinde noma izakhiwo eduze kwesihlahla esisha.
Umakhelwane namanye amasiko
Iparele lihambisana nezilimo zezithelo ezifanayo ekunakekelweni. Isibonelo, umuthi wama-apula ungatshalwa eduzane, kepha kungcono ukuhlala kude nomlotha osezintabeni, ngoba zombili lezi zihlahla zinenkinga yezifo ezifanayo futhi zihlushwa izinambuzane ezifanayo. Uma umbono owodwa ugula, lowo “ongumakhelwane” angahlupheka.
Inhlabathi
Umhlabathi osendaweni kufanele ukhululeke futhi ukhanye, kube nomswakama owenele nokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu (evundile). Okuqukethwe ngobumba okwedlulele emhlabathini kuyinto engathandekiyo futhi kuyingozi ngisho nesithombo. Lapho ulungiselela izimbobo zokufika, kufanele unake ngokukhethekile kulokhu. Ukubuyisela ungqimba lobumba olungaphezulu ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme (ngokwesibonelo, inhlanganisela ye-peat enomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi) noma inhlabathi evundile kuzokubambezela ukufa kwalesihlahla iminyaka engama-2-3 kuphela, ngoba uhlelo lwezimpande luzokhula futhi lusazophinde luhlangane nobumba lobumba ngokujula okungama-40-50 cm .
Ukulungiselela imigodi yokutshala nezindlela zokutshala izithombo
Uma kukhona ungqimba lobumba endaweni ekhethiwe, kunconywa ukumba umgodi ongashonile, ungafiki ngaphansi kobumba. Ukuze izimpande zesithombo zikwazi ukungena kahle emhlabathini futhi zingathinti ubumba, kuyadingeka ukwenza imifino emincane yokujula okufanayo nobude obuyi-1 m kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine zomgodi wokutshala. Lawa mafu okugcwala kumele agcwaliswe nganoma imiphi imfucuza (isibonelo, imfucumfucu yokudla, sawdust, ukushefa, ukhula noma izinaliti) ezifakwe ngaphambi kokufakwa kumanyolo koketshezi. Izimpande zezithombo ngesikhathi sokutshala zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ezinhlangothini ezihlukene, zifinyelela ezinto eziphilayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ingxenye yezimpande zeparele izokhula ingabi ekujuleni kobumba, kepha ngobubanzi, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, kuzondliwa iminyaka eminingana ngaphambi kwalokho.
Ngokuvela okusondelene komhlaba ngaphansi kwesiza noma endaweni ephansi lapho umswakama ophezulu ugcinwa khona, futhi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo seqhwa kuncibilika, ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi osindayo, kungenye indlela yokutshala isithombo. Kunconywa umuthi omncane ukuba utshaleke odongeni lobumba (kusuka enhlabathini evundile) cishe amasentimitha amahlanu ukuphakama. Njalo ngonyaka udinga ukufaka umhlabathi emgundwini, njengoba izidingo zomuthi okhula zizokwanda.
Esakhiweni esivamile somhlaba nakho konke okudingayo (ukudla, umswakama, ukushisa nokukhanya), indlela ejwayelekile isetshenziselwa ukutshala nokukhulisa iparele elincane. Ukutshala izimbobo kuqala ukulungiswa ekwindla yokuqala, cishe izinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngaphambi kokutshala. Kokuthoma, inarha iyakhululwa ukhula ibumbwe. Ngemuva kwalokho imithombo ijule ngo-45-50 cm, kuhlunga inhlabathi - ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi lugoqulwa endaweni eyodwa, bese kuthi olwezansi lube kolunye. Ububanzi bomgodi ngamunye bungamamitha ayi-1. Ngaphansi kwezimbobo kufanele kuthululwe kahle. Ingaphezulu lenhlabathi ebunjiwe emgodini wokutshala kufanele ixutshaniswe nezinto eziningana - isihlabathi somfula osezingeni eliphakeme, i-peat, i-superphosphate, umquba obolile kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Okomhlaba onezinga eliphezulu le-acidity, kuyanconywa futhi ukufaka i-lime (ngesimo semvuthuluka) kanye ne-chalk (ngesimo se-powder), kepha umquba omusha awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Uyakwazi ukudala ukushiswa okukhulu ohlelweni lwezimpande, okuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela Pear
Ukukhetha nokulungiselela izithombo
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bayelulekwa ukuba bathenge izithombo benonyaka owodwa noma iminyaka emibili. Lapho uthenga, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela izimpande nezingaphezulu kwesihlahla somuthi. Akufanele kube nomonakalo, ukomisa ukuphuma noma ukuncipha kwezimpawu, izimpawu zezifo nezinambuzane. Isiqu saso kumele siqine, siqine, ngaphandle kwezindawo noma ukubola okuhlukahlukene.
Uma ngesikhathi sokuhamba izimpande noma amagatsha ngamanye alimala, lapho-ke adinga ukusikwa. Ngosuku olwandulela umuthi otyalwe, kufanele wehliswe ekuxazululeni uju lwamanzi noma kumakhasi we-mullein.
Inqubo yokutshala izithombo
Isithombo kufanele sitshalwe esibondweni sobumba esilungiselelwe, iqonde ngokucophelela ingxenye yezimpande. Maphakathi nendawo yokugoqwa phansi komgodi kunesikhonkwane sokhuni esikhandiwe esizovikela amagxolo aso ekulimaleni.
Iparele elincane kufanele lihlale liqinile emhlabathini futhi liqinile emhlabathini, futhi akukho zikhala zomoya okufanele zihlale empandeni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhola yezimpande okungenani ibe ngu-1-2 cm ngaphezu komhlaba. Inhlabathi eseduze kwesiqu sesihlahla ihlanganiswe kahle, ishiya umgodi ukuze ibambe amanzi okunisela. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokushesha ngesamba samabhakede ama-2-3 ngesithombo ngasinye. Ukujula eduze kwesiqu sesihlahla sezithelo kuzoba nomthelela ekuweni komhlaba kancane kancane emgodini oseduze nezimpande. Umuthi ngamunye uboshwe ngokusekelwa ngokhuni, bese inhlabathi eseduze kwesiqu ibambozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulching (ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga awile noma i-peat).
Ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi
Ukhula nokukhulula inhlabathi endaweni yezimpande yenziwa njalo kaningi ngenyanga, ngokunisela - isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki.
Lapho umhlaba usuzinze ephakathi kwethanga ngemuva kokujula ngendlela yemvula noma yeqhwa encibilikayo, kubalulekile ukufaka inhlabathi evundile ngesikhathi. Akuvunyelwe ukudalula isitshalo, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekutheni omiswe ohlelweni lwezimpande nokufa kwesihlahla. Umhlaba owengeziwe nawo uzothinta kabi ukuthuthukiswa kwamasiko. Lokhu kungadala izimo zokubonakala kwezifo ezithile.
Imithetho yokunisela yezihlahla ezincane nezabantu abadala
Iparele eneminyaka engu-3-5 ubudala liniselwa njalo kanye ngesonto. Izihlahla ezindala zezithelo zingaqhamuka nomswakama emvuleni yemvelo. Okuhlukile kuphela kwezikhathi ezithile zokuphoqelwa kokunisela okwengeziwe - lokhu ngokushesha emva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ngemuva kokuvuna izithelo, ekuqaleni kokuphonsa amaqabunga. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa ngakunye kwamanzi okunisela, inhlabathi eseduze kwesiqu somuthi imbozwe ngemboza mulch.
Ukugoqa nokubopha umqhele
Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kokuqala kunconywa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwethanga, kepha njalo ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Wonke amagatsha ngaphandle kwethambo angaphansi "kokuchetywa" okunjalo. Izindawo zokusika emagatsheni kumele ziphathwe nge-var var yengadi.
Ukusebenzela ubusika
Kunconywa ukugoqa izihlahla ezincane kuphela, njengoba zingakwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda kobusika. Ukusibekela umqhele, i-burlap iyasetshenziswa, kanti nesiqu sesiqu - amagatsha aqhakaza izimbali noma noma iyiphi into yokwenziwa.
Isicelo somanyolo
Iparele liqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, futhi kungalesi sikhathi lapho lizodinga khona ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, i-pearl ayidingi umanyolo, ikakhulukazi lapho ingeniswa kwizimbobo zokutshala.
Entwasahlobo, kusetshenziswa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, kanti ehlobo nasekwindla, kuvundiswa, okubandakanya i-potassium ne phosphorus. Ukwengeza izinto eziphilayo enhlabathini kwanele isikhathi esiyi-1 eminyakeni emi-3.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane - Ukuvimbela
Izindlela zokuvimbela zisiza ukuvikela izilimo zezithelo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo ezahlukahlukene. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukwenza ukufafaza okukhethekile kanye ngonyaka (emavikini okuqala entwasahlobo noma enkathi yasekwindla - ngo-Okthoba-Novemba), kucwebe iziqu bese kuzisonga.
Isixazululo sokufafaza silungiselelwe kusuka kumalitha ayishumi amanzi kanye no-700 ml we-urea.
Ngokucwaswa, kuthathwa isixazululo samanzi, i-sulfate yethusi (1%) ne-lime eligayiwe.
Izisongelo zenziwa ngendwangu enamacici.
Isivuno esicebile samapheya amnandi futhi amnandi, amnandi futhi amnandi angatholwa kuphela ngesifiso esinamandla, ukusebenza kanzima, ukunaka nokuphikelela.
