Okuthandekayo phakathi kwemidondoshiya engadi enemibala emikhulu nento exakayo esele "eyethu" - yindlela abavame ukubona ngayo i-brugmansia. Ngenxa yepaneli yokukhulisa imibala ngokungakhathali, le ntambo inabalandeli abaningi ngokwengeziwe. Kepha ubuhle obumangalisayo bomunye wabasiki bezindaba ezihehayo kakhulu buhlanganiswa nesimo esinemibandela kakhulu yesiko lengadi. Lesi sitshalo asiluhlaza ebusika futhi emhlabathini ovulekile singakhula kuphela ehlobo. Ukuze uphumelele, kufanele unakekele ubusika bayo obufanele ngaphakathi ezindlini. Futhi ukunakekelwa kweBrugmansia akulula.
I-Brugmansia (Brugmansia).
Amacilongo ezingelosi, noma i-Brugmansia, asaziwa kangcono njenge-dura, yize kulula kakhulu ukuyihlukanisa ne-database yokuqala (i-dura ye-dura): e-Brugmansia, izimbali ezinkulu ze-dularop droop, hang hang, kodwa ku-dura zibheka phezulu. Lokhu okumangalisayo futhi akuvumelaniswa ngokuphelele nezindawo ezinesiko lasebusika elinobudlova kubizwa ngokuthi kwehlukile. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu, aqhakaza ngokungapheliyo ehlobo lonke, anqoba ekuboneni kokuqala. Kepha hhayi kuphela ama-gramophones amakhulu anobude obungafika ku-50 cm nobubanzi bokubumba okwenziwe bell aze afike ku-20 cm awanqotshwa yiBrugmansia.
Inamandla, ayijwayelekile, inkulu-ishiya - lesi sihlahla esifana nesihlahla sibukeka simangalisa futhi ngaphandle kokuqhakaza. Amaqabunga e-brugmansia afinyelela isigamu semitha ubude angama-opaque, aluhlaza okhanyayo, ahlelwe tiers. Amaqabunga aphakanyisiwe onqenqemeni olufakwayo athathelwa indawo ngamaqabunga amancane futhi abanzi ngomphetho omuhle oqoshiwe.
“Imfoloko” ngaphezulu kwegatsha laseBrugmansia ekuqaleni inamaqabunga amancane (ngaphansi kwesentimitha elilodwa). Lapho-ke amakhula amakhulu agcwele amasentimitha ayishumi, bese izimbali zengezwa kufika ku-7 cm ngosuku, okwenza umbukwane umangalisa. Futhi umbala we-Brugmansia cultivar uzibonakalisa ngosuku olulodwa nje ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali, okuyiqiniso elingafani nalokhu kulesi sitshalo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali okuxakile kweBrugmansia akumangazi kuphela nazo zonke izinhlobo zemithunzi (ngisho nezithelo) - ophuzi, ukhilimu, peach, okuluhlaza okukhanyayo, omhlophe, opinki, owolintshi kanye nokubomvu, kodwa futhi nangezinhlanganisela ze-multicolor, amandla okukhetha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezilula, ezinesiqingatha eziphindwe kabili nezimbili zezimbali namakha amnandi lawo. kukhulunyelwa ngaphezulu ebusuku.
Ukuqina kobusika obuphansi kubeka kancane amathuba okukhula kweBrugmansia ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima. Ngakho-ke, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo kungatshalwa kuphela kulezi zinketho ezilandelayo:
- njengonyaka;
- njengendlela ehlala njalo ngokutshala ihlobo emhlabathini futhi nokumba ubusika ukuze kudluliselwe ezakhiweni;
- njengodondolo lwaphakade, olufakwa engadini noma lwembiwe ehlobo.
IBrugmansia imhlophe esitsheni esine-coleus.
Isisekelo sempumelelo ukukhetha okulungile kwezimo
Noma yikuphi ukunakekelwa kweBrugmansia ngeke kuphumelele uma izimo ezifanele zingakhethwanga yona ekuqaleni. Lesi sitshalo sithanda indawo enelanga, evikelekile, kepha evulekile, ukutshala solo, kusabela ngendlela engeyiyo ekuhlakaleni, umoya nasekujuleni okuqinile. Kepha ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu nosayizi omkhulu wesitshalo kudinga ukunisela okuqinile ezindaweni ezinelanga ngokuphelele ukuthi kungcono ukukhetha indawo yokutshala i-Brugmansia lapho lesi sitshalo sizobe sinombala omncane okungenani ntambama.
Inhlabathi yeBrugmansia kufanele ivunde, kepha ilula ngesakhiwo. Lapho utshala, kungcono ukufaka umhlaba osuswe emgodini wokutshala ngenhlanganisela yomquba noma i-humus nge-loam ne-peat (isilinganiso - 1: 1: 2). Nenhlabathi efanayo isetshenziselwa ukutshala i-brugmansia ezitsheni. Yize kunjalo kuleli cala, ungathenga noma iyiphi indawo esemhlabeni yonkana ngokunezela enye ingxenye yamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic kuyo. Ukudonsa amanzi kakhulu kubekwa ngaphansi kweziqukathi; lapho utshala enhlabathini, ungqimba lwamanzi lwakhiwa futhi ngaphansi komgodi wokufaka. E-Brugmansia, intamo yezimpande ayinakujula.
Izidingo zeBrugmansia zokuswakama nokunisela
Into enzima kakhulu ekukhuleni kweBrugmansia ukuthambisa okuvame kakhulu, okungavinjelwa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokulima. Amaqabunga amakhulu aqothuka kakhulu umswakama, isitshalo sihlupheka kakhulu kusuka kwisomiso esincane kakhulu. Kwi-brugmansia (etshalwe emhlabathini, futhi yambiwa, futhi isele kumashubhu neziqukathi), usadinga ukwenza ukunisela ngohlelo nganoma isiphi isikhathi lapho kungekho khona imvula eyanele nalapho umhlabathi womile. Ukuze kugcinwe umswakama ozinzile wenhlabathi, njengomthetho, kuyadingeka ukufeza ukunisela nsuku zonke ehlobo nangezinsuku ezishisayo ezinelanga, ukunisela okungandile kakhulu - esimweni sezulu esinamafu nesipholile. Kulokhu, ngaso sonke isikhathi kudingeka uhlole ukuthi inhlabathi injani (njengezitshalo zasendlini). Amanzi aqinile kanye nomswakama owedlulele ayingozi kwiBrugmansia kungaphansi kwesomiso esiphelele.
I-Brugmansia ngezinsuku ezishisayo nesomiso isikhathi eside ngeke yenqabe ukufafaza, kepha yenziwa ngokucophelela, emacembe, ngaphandle kokufaka izimbali. Futhi isikhathi sezinqubo kufanele sikhethwe ngokucophelela, siqhube ukufafaza kangcono kusihlwa.
I-brugmansia ephuzi epanini le-cache endaweni yokuzijabulisa.
Usekela, ukhula futhi wakhe iBrocmansia
Ngenxa yobukhulu baso, lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo kwesinye isikhathi asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuxhaswa okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa akudingeki nakancane kuya amahlumela maphakathi, kodwa kumagatsha amancane kunemibala esindayo. Izesekeli zeBrugmansia azivamisile ukubekwa kusengaphambili, zizibeka kuphela lapho isitshalo ngokwaso singakwazi ukubhekana nokuqhakaza okuntofontofo.
Kwi-Brugmansia, eligcinwa njengesitshalo sangemuva bese lihanjiswa liyiswa emagcekeni ebusika, ukuthenwa kusenesikhathi kuyisilinganiso esiyisibopho. Kungcono ukukuqhuba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, kungakapheli maphakathi noMashi. Esihlahleni, hlola ngokucophelela wonke amahlumela bese ungathinti amagatsha abunjwe nge-V, lapho kuvela khona amafulegi wezimbali nawo wonke amagatsha engxenyeni egelezayo yesihlahla, kufaka phakathi amahlumela amancane asemaceleni akhula engxenyeni ephezulu yomqhele. Amagatsha anjalo abonakala engakhiqizi futhi ekhula, kepha ayizinyathelo eziphambili futhi yiwo adala umqhele omuhle kangaka weBrugmansia. Kulula ukuzula lesi sitshalo: amaqabunga asendaweni engenakuqhakaza aqinile, anesisekelo esilinganayo, kepha endaweni eyi-"flowering" tier, okungafanele ithintwe, ngemigqa engaphansi kwepuleti leqabunga. Kushunqulwa amahlumela kuphela angaqhakaza, anciphisa kancane iziqongo (kungabi ngaphezu kwama-3 efihlekile). Njenganoma yisiphi isihlahla somhluzi, i-brugmansia empeleni isusa okonakele, omude kakhulu, amahlumela owomile, kanye namagatsha wokuqina ongakhiqizi esihlokweni esingavuthwa sokhakhayini.
Uma izinto zokuhamba zinzima, zidinga ukudluliselwa noma ukuthuthwa kwezitshalo ezisindayo kumabanga amade, i-Brugmansia inganqunywa hhayi ngemuva kwesikhathi esomile, kepha ngemuva kokuba isitshalo simi ngaphansi kombhede ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakathi nendawo, nokuthena ngokwemithetho ejwayelekile.
Umanyolo weBrugmansia
Ukuze isitshalo esikhulu kakhulu, sikhule ngesivinini esimangazayo, ukuthola zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo, ukukha inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enempilo ngoba akwanele. Umanyolo weBrugmansia wethulwa njalo, kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula okukhulu nezimbali, imvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki. Umthamo womanyolo kufanele ube yisezingeni eliphakanyiswayo ngumenzi uma usebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile wezitshalo zasendlini nezimbiza futhi cishe ezingama-20 g ngakunye kokugqoka okuphezulu, uma usebenzisa umanyolo we- nitrofoska nokunye.
Uhlobo olukhethwayo lomanyolo lweBrugmansia luyinkimbinkimbi yamalungiselelo endawo yonke. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ungasebenzisa kuphela umanyolo we-potash-phosphorus noma uwashintshe ngokuwagqoka okuyinkimbinkimbi okuphezulu. Naphezu kokuba yizitshalo zezimbali, okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen enhlabathini ye-brugmansia kubaluleke kakhulu: uma usebenzisa umanyolo wezitshalo eziqhakazayo zokuhlobisa izimbali, esikhundleni sokuxubana okuyinkimbinkimbi, amahlumela amancane azowashiya amaqabunga noma wonke amahlamvu aphuzi aphale. Ngakho-ke, okungenani kuze kube sezingeni lokuqhakaza, isitshalo kufanele sondliwe ngomanyolo, lapho wonke ama-macroelement amathathu akhona ngokulingana.
Ukugqoka okunganele okwanele kwenza i-Brugmansia ingagcini ngokuyeka noma ukukhula kancane, izimpawu "zokuwohloka", kodwa futhi nokuguquguquka, ukubonakala kwamabala nemivimbo, kukhanyise ingaphezulu lamacembe.
I-Brugmansia (Brugmansia).
Brugmansia ubusika
Namuhla, abaningi bakhulisa iBrugmansia njengesitshalo sonyaka. Kepha lapho-ke ngeke kwenzeke ukwazisa ngokuphelele ubuhle bayo, amandla nobukhazikhazi bayo. Futhi kuyisihawu ukulahla ukuxoshwa okuhle kangaka kuze kube sekufeni, ikakhulukazi uma kungenzeka ukulondolozwa kwe-brugmansia ngaphakathi.
Ukususa iBrugmansia ebusika kungenye yezokuqala. Lapho nje izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lihlehlela ku- + 8-10 degrees, udinga ukudlulisa i-brugmansia ngaphansi kombhede wokuzivumelanisa nobumaphakathi bese uqala inqubo yokuhamba. Akunakwenzeka ukudlulisa lesi sitshalo ngamandla ezimweni ezintsha, kungcono ukuhlelela "ukuhlukaniswa" isikhathi eside ngakho. Uma i-Brugmansia itshalwe kabusha noma ikhula enhlabathini evulekile, khona-ke lesi sitshalo kufanele simbiwe bese sidluliselwa ezitsheni ezinkulu noma kumashubhu ahambisana nosayizi we-coma yobumba, ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande futhi ngaphandle kokubhubhisa isigaxa sobumba. I-Brugmansia idluliselwa ezakhiweni lapho izinga lokushisa ebusuku lehla liye kuma-degrees angama-5. Uma i-brugmansia iqandiswe kancane (ingamelana namaqhwa afinyelela ku--5 degrees), isengasindiswa, kepha ngaphambi kwesikhwama sesitshalo, izingxenye ezilimele zamagatsha kufanele zisuswe. Kungcono ukungayihuduli nge-skid.
Lesi sitshalo sinikezwa ukukhanya okuhle futhi okupholile ebusika bonke. Izinga lokushisa elingaba ngama-8-12 degrees lilungele i-Brugmansia, kepha ezimweni ezijwayelekile zekamelweni noma emthunzini weBrugmansia akulungile ukuba libe nakho. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, isikhathi eside kufanele sibe. Ukunisela lesi sitshalo kuyancishiswa, kugcina umswakama womhlabathi okhanyayo futhi kubeka imvamisa yezinqubo ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokomisa. Kodwa kungcono ukungayeki ukondla iBrugmansia: ayenziwa, kepha akufani, kanye ngenyanga, kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Uma kungekho ithuba lokunikeza ukuphola endaweni ekhanyayo, khona-ke ezinye izindlela ezi-2 zokugcina i-brrugmansia ziyasetshenziswa:
- Gcina egumbini noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa lapho izitshalo ziqhubeka ziyaqhakaza khona, futhi izinga lokushisa alingehli ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-18. Kulokhu, ukukhanya okuningana kuyathandeka, futhi ukuthambisa nokugqoka ngaphezulu akuncishisiwe, kwenziwa kuze kube yilapho iBrugmansia iyeka ukuqhakaza. Ngomoya owomile, ukufafaza okujwayelekile kungeniswa ekunakekelweni. Uma kungekho ndlela yokuqinisekisa okungenani isikhathi sokuphumula esifushane ebusheni, khona-ke ukusikeka kuyasuswa emitshinini ukuze kuthathelwe indawo isihlahla esidala.
- Uma inketho kuphela etholakalayo ukuhambisa engaphansi noma i-analogue yayo ngaphandle kokukhanya, khona-ke iBrugmansia igcinwa ngokunisela okungandile kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokugqoka okuphezulu kumazinga okushisa angama-5-8 degrees. Isitshalo sizolahlekelwa amaqabunga, kepha ngeke sife.
Nganoma iliphi isu lokupholisa ubusika, iBrugmansia akufanele ivunyelwe ukumisa ngokuphelele ukoma lodaka: kufanele ihlale okungenani inomswakama engxenyeni ephakathi, ngisho noma igcinwe emakhazeni. Ungakhohlwa ukungena komoya okujwayelekile kwesakhiwo, kanye nokuvikelwa emazingeni okushisa ngokweqile noma okusalungiswa.
Ukuguqula izimo ze-Brugmansia kuzodingeka isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuthi kuthathe isitshalo siye esivandeni. Entwasahlobo, lapho amahora emini eqala ukwanda bese kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zokuvuthwa, isitshalo singadluliselwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile zekamelo ngokukhanya okukhanyayo futhi sikhulise ukugcwala kokunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu ngemuva kokuthenwa. Ama-Brugmansions agqitshwa ukuze anciphise, aphathe ngokucophelela esitsheni esisha.
Ukubuyiswa kokutshala kanye nokutshala kweBrugmansia engadini kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba iqhwa lokudlula selidlulile, ngasikhathi sinye njengehlobo eliyinhloko elingavimbeli ukubanda. Izinsuku ezilinganisiwe - ingxenye yokuqala kaJuni.
Isihlahla se-brugmansia epanini le-cache ngaphambi kokuya ebusika.
Izinambuzane nezifo zeBrugmansia
I-Brugmansia iyisidalwa esidabukisayo. Ngokuvamile kudonsela izinambuzane emoyeni owomile kakhulu ehlobo nasebusika lapho kufudumele. Izithelo zesicabucabu zingavela esitshalweni, futhi emoyeni ovulekile, iBrugmansia isitshalo esithandwayo senjabulo esisebusweni.
Kwezifo ezitshalweni, ukubola okungwevu okuhambisana nokunisela okungafanele kutholakala kakhulu.
Noma yiziphi izinkinga, kungcono ukubhekana nama-insecticides akhethekile kakhulu nama-fungicides.
