Umgcini wegadi ngamunye unesimbali sakhe asithandayo, nokho bambalwa abangamelana ne-rose ebabazekayo. Ukuba khona kwayo engadini kungaba yindaba yokuziqhenya, futhi ukubukwa okulungiselelwe kahle kuzoba ukwengeza okuhle kwesiza. Ungatshala kanjani ama-roses entwasahlobo, ungafunda embhalweni.
URose: ulwazi olujwayelekile
Ngokokuqala ngqa ama-rose avela ezingadini ze-Ancient Rome: ngaleso sikhathi kwase kuchaziwe izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-12 zama roses, yize ezivandeni bethanda ukukhulisa izitshalo eziwusizo kuphela. Ngemuva kokuwa kweRoma, i-rose yaqala imashi yokunqoba yanqamula e-Europe: ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, lezi zimbali zazingatholakala cishe emhlabeni wonke. E-Russia, ama-roses avele ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVI, kepha asakazeka kuphela ngekhulu le-XVIII.
Iningi lezinhlobo zesimanje ezingatshalwa ezivandeni zingumphumela wokuzalelwa isikhathi eside nokukhethwa ngokucophelela, ngakho-ke ama-roses angahluka ngokuphelele. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-25-30 cm (izinhlobo ezincane) kuya kumamitha ayi-2,5-6 (okufana nokuqhuma). Ubude bezimbali buvela ku-12 kuye ku-18 cm, ngenkathi inani lezinsimbi lifinyelela izingcezu eziyi-128. Amaroses angaba single, futhi ku-inflorescence yezingcezu ezi-3-200. Akunhlobani engaphansi ngesimo samabhasi, imibala yasephaleni kanye nephunga.
Sekukonke, amaqembu amathathu amakhulu ama roses ahlukaniswa:
- Izinhlobo noma zasendle;
- Ipaki noma yasendulo: yayaziwa ngaphambi kuka-1867 futhi ishiywe ingashintshiwe abafuyi bezinkomo, ngoba inokumelana okungathandeki;
- Ingadi: lezi nzalo zesimanje.
Phakathi kwabo, amaqembu amaningi athandwa kakhulu avelele, ukufika komhlaba okuhlukahluka kakhulu:
- IsiShayina: leli qembu lalethwa lisuka e-Asia laya eYurophu laze labuya njengeNkathi Ephakathi. Ihlukaniswa yi-inflorescence elula, ebumnyama lapho ivulwa.
- I-Teahouse: i-hybrid ye-rose yase-China kanye nembali enephunga letiye.
- I-Remontant: inezimbali ezinkulu ezinama-terry petals abomvu, apinki kanye aphuzi. Blooms kabili ngesizini.
- Itiye le-Hybrid: I-hybrid yetiye yasukuma yaphenduka. Inezimbali ezinkulu ezinhle, ezinobukhulu obuphindwe kabili futhi bushy, ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungamasentimitha angama-60-140. Amaqabunga makhulu, acwebezelayo, ama-spikes awandile, ane-tint ebomvu.
I-Miniature: inezimbali ezincane. Kuhle ukuyitshala njengembali yezasekhaya noma njengomhlobiso we-alpine slide.- IPolyanthus: njengesiqeshana esisodwa, siyisihlahla esincane esifinyelela ku-40 cm amade, siminyene futhi siyabuna, simbozwe izimbali ezincane eziphinki, ezimhlophe noma ezibomvu. Iqhakaza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuchichima, kuze kube ekwindla sekwephuzile.
- URose Floribunda: uboniswa yisikhathi eside sezimbali, ukumelana nezimo zezulu eziphikisayo nezifo eziningi, okwenza kube yinto ekahle yokutshala. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinhlobo zetiye, ayinamakha amancane futhi inezimbali ezincane.
- I-Rose of Grandiflora: i-hybrid yetiye i-hydride ne-floribunda. Ngaphandle, izimbali ziyefana netiye, kepha ziphikelela futhi ziyaqhakaza.
- Isembozo esingaphansi: esilungele ukumboza uzungu nge "ukhaphethi" wama roses noma ukudala "impophoma". Ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, kepha ububanzi buvame ukuphakama kaningana kunalesi sibalo.
- I-Scratchy: yizinhlobonhlobo zama-rose ezinwabuzelayo. Kunezinkomba ezimbili: Iziqu ezondile ezinezimbali ezincane nezinwebekile kanye namahlumela aminyene adinga umhlahlandlela wokukhula.
I-Miniature: inezimbali ezincane. Kuhle ukuyitshala njengembali yezasekhaya noma njengomhlobiso we-alpine slide.Ukunakekelwa KweRose Okuyisisekelo
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokukhethwa nokufunda ukutshala i-rose, udinga ukukhumbula imithetho ethile:
- Ukuze uthole umhlaba ovulekile, kungcono ukhethe ama-roses amaRussia noma amaDashi - alungele isimo sezulu sethu. Kepha ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo zaseningizimu.
- Kungcono ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo, lapho inhlabathi ifudumele ngokwanele. Ukutshala ekwindla sekwephuzile kungalimaza isiko lama-moody. Uma i-rose ithengwe ekwindla yokuqala, kufanele ingcwatshwe endaweni efudumele kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni ephansi.
- Galela inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umlotha, umquba noma umquba kufanelekile. Zenze zidingeke ngokwemiyalo. Isikhathi esithile emva kokutshala, lapho isitshalo sithola amandla, ungaqala ukusebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu, ukushintshanisa amaminerali ne-organic. Sekukonke, umanyolo ungabanjiswa kuze kube izikhathi eziyisithupha ngesikhathi sonyaka. Ngaphambi kokubenza nangemva kwalokho udinga ukunisela ngokucophelela izihlahla. Ukondla amahlumela amancane akukufanele: asebuthakathaka kakhulu. Uma isimo sezulu simanzi, kubalulekile ukufafaza izitshalo, njengoba ziyogezwa ziphume enhlabathini.
I-rose idinga ukuthambisa okuningi: njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili ekuqaleni kokukhula, bese kuba njengokomayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi umhlaba awumanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukubola.- Awukwazi ukusika izihlahla ezincane - lokhu kuzothinta kabi ukukhula kwazo. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukha. Izimbali eziqale ukubopha kufanele zisuswe kanye namahlamvu asondele kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho imbewu izoqala ukwakha endaweni imbali.
- Uma kutholakala izimpawu zokuqala zokutheleleka, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa okugcwele ngezixazululo ezikhethekile: Fitosporin, Fufanon, Intavir, Fitoverm nabanye.
- Ukubhukuda okwenziwe kuqala kwenziwa kabili: ngoMeyi nango-Okthoba. Entwasahlobo basusa zonke izingxenye ezingasebenzi futhi ezibolile, ekwindla basusa wonke amaqabunga kanye namahlumela amancane ongeke asinde ebusika.
- Ngokubusika, isihlahla simbozwe ngemisiko nangokubona kwe-sawdust. Ngo-Agasti, sawdust ithululelwa ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla, kusonga iziqu - lokhu kugwema ukuqandeka lapho izinga lokushisa liqala ukuhla. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kokuthenwa kokugcina ngo-Okthoba, isihlahla simbozwe ngokuphelele futhi ngaphezu kwalokho sifihlwe ngaphansi kwebhokisi noma ifilimu. Khipha ebusika kuphela ekupheleni kukaMeyi ukuze iziqu zingashiswa.
I-rose idinga ukuthambisa okuningi: njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili ekuqaleni kokukhula, bese kuba njengokomayo. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi umhlaba awumanzi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpande zizoqala ukubola.Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
I-rose iyathandeka, futhi okokuqala ivezwa ekukhetheni indawo nomhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukutshala kwe-rose, kuyadingeka ukwethula umphumela wokugcina: noma ngabe kungaba isihlahla esikhulu, udonga noma i-arch, into esegqumeni lwe-alpine, noma okunye. Isibonelo ngomphumela omuhle wesihlahla ukutshala kufanele kube ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezimbobo esihlahleni, kepha ama-roses kufanele abe nendawo eyanele yamahhala, ngaphandle kwalokho ayobulala amanzi nokudla komunye nomunye.
AmaFloribunts namanye amahlahla akhula ngezimbali ezinkulu ezitshalwe ngamaqembu wezingcezu ezi-3-5;- Amancane amancane abekwe ngaphambili, ukuze abonwe, kude le-15-25 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye;
- Phakathi kwetiye-hybrid ne-polyanthus kuyadingeka ukumelana kuze kufike ku-30-50 cm;
- Isikhafu-esinezikhonkwane kufanele sibe kude nemitha;
- Izinhlobo zokweluka zidinga ukusekelwa okukhethekile namanetha okufanele anakekelwe ngokushesha.
AmaFloribunts namanye amahlahla akhula ngezimbali ezinkulu ezitshalwe ngamaqembu wezingcezu ezi-3-5;URosa udinga ukushisa okuningi nokukhanya kwelanga, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nangaphambi kwesidlo sakusihlwa. Umthunzi onamandla kumele uvikeleke, kepha ukukhanya kwelanga okuzoba nemiphumela emibi emithini. Imbali imbi ngemimoya, ikakhulukazi enyakatho, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele ukuvikela isihlahla. Kungcono uma i-rose ikhula kude nezihlahla kanye nezihlahla eziqinile, ezingasusa amanzi nezakhi zomzimba kuyo.
IRosa idinga amanzi amancono, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyitshala egqumeni ukuze inhlabathi ingagcwali. Umthambeka omncane nohlangothi lwaseningizimu kufanelekile.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi i-rose iyakwazi ukukhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Impela ukweqisa kufanele kugwenywe: isihlabathi esihlanzekile asilungele noma isiphi isiko, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala ama roses entwasahlobo ngeke kunikeze noma yimuphi umphumela.
Ukutshala Izithombo zeRose
Njengoba sekucacile, ukumba nje umgodi nokutshala isihlahla ngeke kusebenze. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukwenza ukulungiswa okuphelele komhlaba kanye nesithombo uqobo lwalo. Ukufakelwa indawo kwenziwa kangcono ngoMashi - Ephrelilapho izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphukela kuma-+ 10-12 degrees. Ukuphuthuma kungenxa yokuvezwa yilanga: uma kuqinisiwe, kuzofudumala kakhulu, futhi izimpande ezibuthakathaka zizokoma ngaphambi kokuba zibe nesikhathi sokukhula. Ungatshala kanjani i-rose kuchazwe ngezansi:
Ungalungisa indawo esivele ekwindla ngokufaka umanyolo we-organic (amabhakede ama-2 nge-1 sq. M) njengokugqoka okuphezulu bese ukumba ngokucophelela 15 cm cm ukujula. Ebusika, kuyabuna, futhi ngokuqala kokushisa, inhlabathi izolungiswa ngokuphelele.- Amaviki ama-2 ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukumba umgodi ongafika ku-60-70 cm ukujula.
- Kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kusengaphambili ingxube yomhlaba (amabhakede ama-2), i-peat (1 ibhakede), i-humus (1 ibhakede), ubumba (1 ibhakede), isihlabathi (1 ibhakede), superphosphate (150 amagremu) nesidlo sethambo (amagremu ayi-150). Ngemuva kokulala, ingxube ishiywe ukuze ixazululwe kancane.
- Masinyane ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukucubungula izimpande zama roses. Ukuze wenze lokhu, agxunyekwe isixazululo se-sulfate yethusi (1 isipuni ngebhakede lamanzi afudumele), agcinwa isigamu sehora futhi atshalwe emigodini.
- Uma ama-roses alungiselelwe ahlanganisiwe, kubalulekile ukuwanciphisa ngama-2-3 efihlekile, kusale cishe ama-20 cm esihlahla esingaphezulu komhlaba. Futhi, izimpande ezibolile nezingxenye ezomile ziyasuswa ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ungalungisa indawo esivele ekwindla ngokufaka umanyolo we-organic (amabhakede ama-2 nge-1 sq. M) njengokugqoka okuphezulu bese ukumba ngokucophelela 15 cm cm ukujula. Ebusika, kuyabuna, futhi ngokuqala kokushisa, inhlabathi izolungiswa ngokuphelele.Ukutshala ama-roses entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Umhlaba omncane uthululwa emgodini, khona-ke ukusika kusethwe ngokucophelela, izimpande ziqonde bese zithululelwa kuze kube sekupheleni, zihlangana ngezikhathi ezithile. Udinga ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande alonakalanga noma luboshwe, uma kungenjalo i-rose izokhula kabi. Ekugcineni, isihlahla siniselwa kakhulu.
- Imbobo ithululelwa ngenani elikhulu le-heteroauxin solution (1 ithebhulethi ngebhakede ngalinye), bese ihlwelwa isihlahla simbozwe ngengxube. Ekugcineni, kufanelekile ukunisela inhlabathi kancane ukuze ixazululwe, bese wengeza okuningi uma amafomu e-dips.
Ngendlela efanayo, amahlahla amancanyana angathathelwa indawo lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala. Uma i-rose isivele "yangqongqoza" iminyaka engu-4-5, ingathathelwa kabusha ngoMashi nangoMeyi.
Ngemuva kokufika
Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uvikele "abasha" elangeni, kanye nezimpande - ukuqala ukukhula. Uma isiqu sincane, imbozwe ngomhlabathi ombe ngekhanda, uma umude impela, amaslayidi anele eduze nezimpande. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, isilayidi kufanele sisuswe ngokucophelela ukuze i-rose ikhule.
Emva kwalokho iziqongo zisike kancane futhi emavikini angama-2-3 njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili isihlahla siniselwa ngamanzi ngezinto ezikhulisayo. Lokhu kuzonikeza izimbali ukukhulisa ukukhula okusebenzayo.
Olandelayo ukunakekelwa kufanele kufake nokukhulula, ukugqoka phezulu njalo emavikini ama-2-3, ukuchelela, ukugunda noma ukugaya kanye nokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane.
Ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala wonke amaqabunga kufanele asuswe ezihlahleni, ubathole futhi ulungiselele ubusika ngokuphelele, ulale ngokhuni lokubhalwa kweshuni nokumboza okuvela phezulu.
Isiphetho
Naphezu kwama-vagaries, ukukhula i-rose akunzima kangako. Ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ungazikhethela kalula izinhlobo zezimbali ezinhle kakhulu cishe noma yimuphi umhlaba. Njengoba uqeqeshewe kuFloribund engatheneki, uzoqonda ukuthi ungatshala kanjani ama-roses ngendlela efanele, futhi uzokwazi kahle "izindlovukazi" zezimbali ezithandekayo.
