Ungawenza kanjani umbhede ofudumele ngezandla zakho?

Abalimi banaka kakhudlwana ekuhleleni imibhede efudumele yomibili yokutshala izithombo nezitshalo zemifino ezihlelweni zomuntu siqu. Abahlali abanokuhlangenwe nakho sebezenzele imithetho ethile yokuhleleka kwabo nokusebenzisa isikhathi eside. Ubunzima obuthile bubangelwa ukuhlelwa kwabo nokusebenza kwabo kubalimi be-novice. Izeluleko ezimbalwa zendlela yokuhlela kahle imibhede efudumele ngezandla zakho, ngiyathemba, izosiza abaqalayo.

Izinhlobo zemibhede efudumele

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengadi efudumele nengadi ejwayelekile?

Umbhede ofudumele ubonakala ngokushisa kwangaphambilini kwenhlabathi kungqimba oluhlalwe endaweni enezimpande, okufaka isandla ekutholeni imifino nezithombo zangaphambili entwasahlobo. Kwakhiwa kusuka ezingqekweni eziningana, lapho eziphansi zisebenza khona njengama-biofuel, futhi ukushisa okuvela ezintweni eziwohlokayo kusiza izitshalo ukuthi ziqale ukukhula kanye nokwenza izithelo.

Yini imibhede efudumele?

Imibhede efudumele ingahlukaniswa ibe yesikhashana futhi ihlale unomphela. Izimo zesisetshenziswa zihlukaniswe umhlabathi, zibiyelwe futhi zijulile.

Imibhede yesikhashana ivame ukwakhelwa izithombo ezikhulayo kuzo zombili indawo ezivulekile nezivaliwe. Ngemuva kokusampula izithombo, isetshenziswa njengengadi ejwayelekile.

Imibhede efudumele engapheli yakhelwe ngezindlela eziningi. Ziyafana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziyi-greenhouse-hlobo zokugcina izithombo ezisebenza isikhathi eside (iminyaka eyi-5-8). Zisetshenziselwa eningizimu nasezifundeni ezinezikhathi zasebusika ezibandayo ukuze kutholakale isivuno sokuqala bese kunwetshwa isikhathi semifino ngesikhathi sokuphola engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo-ekwindla.

Izinzuzo nobubi bemibhede efudumele

• Emibhedeni efudumele, ungathola imifino ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo, okuvumela ukuthi uthole imikhiqizo enobungoti bemvelo.
• Embhedeni ozinikele kulula ukunakekela izitshalo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yokuvikela isitshalo samakhemikhali ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
• Ukwakha imibhede, yonke imfucuza evela ezihlahleni zamagilebhisi zokuthena, izitshalo zasendle nokhula ziyasetshenziswa. Ukujikeleza, kwandisa ungqimba lomhlabathi oluqukethe i-humus, oluhlanjululwe futhi iphinde lenze inhlabathi nge-humus edingekayo ezitshalweni.

Ububi bemibhede efudumele bancishiswa ekusebenzeni okungeziwe ngokomzimba ngokuhleleka kwabo, futhi ngomqondo we-agrotechnical, ukuya ekunweni okuvama kakhulu, ikakhulukazi imibhede etholakala ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi kubhasikidi, ngamatshe noma kwezinye uthango. Ukunisela kuyadingeka izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto, njengoba ungqimba lomhlabathi loma ngokushesha ngaphansi kwethonya lokukhanya kwelanga kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa komswakama yizilimo. Ebusika, amagundane nezinye izinambuzane zithanda ukuhlala kuzo futhi kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokulwa nokungena kwazo ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zombhede.

Ukwakhiwa kwengadi efudumele kwe-DIY

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

Ukwenza imibhede efudumele kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ekwindla. Uma ngabe usephuze, imibhede enjalo (ikakhulukazi yesikhashana) ingenziwa entwasahlobo.

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwemibhede efudumele, kufanele:

• Cabanga ukuthi mangaki imibhede edinga ukufakelwa (1-2 ... 8).
• Khetha indawo ngaphansi kwemibhede. Okwesikhashana kungabekwa engadini ngqo, ngokuba unomphela, udinga indawo ekhanyiswe kakhulu, kepha hhayi ukukhanya kwelanga hhayi okusalungiswa okuhlala njalo.
• Ukuthenga izinto zokwakha uthango (amabhodi, izitini, islayidi, njll.). Lungisa izingcezu zophahla lokuphahla ukuze uhlukanise amabhodi ekubolekeni ngenkathi yokunisela, amanetha - kusuka kumagundane.
• Lungisa ama-biofuels (amashokhethi avela kokuthena izihlahla ze-sawn, amagatsha, ukhula, izinsalela zasensimini, ngaphandle kweziqongo zamazambane notamatisi).

Isisetshenziswa embhedeni esifudumele sesikhashana

Imvamisa, imibhede yesikhashana efudumele yenzelwe izithombo ezikhulayo, ikakhulukazi eningizimu nasezifundeni ezifudumele zezinye izifunda. Imibhede enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi umusi. Zitholakala kunoma iyiphi indawo elula.

Ngedivaysi yasekwindla, ungqimba olukhulu lomhlaba olungama-10 cm luyasuswa. Umsele obangelwa ugcwaliswa ngomquba omusha noma onobuningi obulinganiselwa ku-15-20 cm. Ungqimba lwamaqabunga noma ukhula lufafazwe ngaphezulu. Uma ingekho into eyenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo eyenziwe yagcwala, igcwele imfucuza encane yamagatsha, ukhula, imfucuza evela engadini, enye imfucuza yasendlini ekwazi ukubola noma yokubumba ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile. Lo ungqimba we-biofuel uhlanganiswa kancane, umbozwe ngenhlabathi esusiwe, ufakwe emgodini, wakhela ungqimba olungamasentimitha ayi-10-15. Kuleli fomu, umbhede ungena ebusika.

Kungenzeka ukutshala umbhede ngomquba wobusika obuluhlaza obusika. Ebusika, ingadi izohlala. Ukuqala inqubo yokushisa, udinga ukuthulula umbhede ngamanzi ashisayo (hhayi abilayo). Uma kungenzeka, uthele isixazululo esisebenzayo somquba, amaconsi enkukhu, i-gummat. Mboza nge-foil. Inqubo yokuhlangana ivezwa ekushiseni okushisa. Lapho ifika ku + 10 ... + 12 ... + 14 ° С (kuya ngesitshalo), baqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo. Ngokuvela kwezithombo ngaphezulu kokuhlwanyelwa kokumisa sekumboza amboze izithombo ngefilimu. Ngemuva kokukhetha izithombo, kusetshenziswa imbhede yesikhashana engadini.

Idivayisi yombhede wesikhashana ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo iyahluka ngokwakhiwa kwe-biofuel. Lokhu kuqeda kwenziwa ngezinto eziphilayo (umquba, umquba ozungezwe isigamu, umquba). Njengoba sebesenzile ungqimba lwe-biofuel, bayayinyathela, bayimboze ngengqimba yenhlabathi futhi bayichithe ngezisombululo ezishisayo zokushisa. Uma inhlabathi ishisa kakhulu, bachitha umbhede ngamanzi bese begcwalisa inhlabathi.

Idivayisi yombhede ofudumele wesikhashana.

Idivayisi yemibhede efudumele engapheli

Idivaysi yemibhede efudumele engapheli ingenzeka ngezinguqulo ezintathu.

• Phezu komhlaba (embhedeni omkhulu) ebhokisini lanoma iyiphi impahla yokwakha. Lolu khetho lungasetshenziswa kulezo zindawo lapho umhlabathi ungafanelekile ukulima izilimo zasengadini.
• Umbhede ofudumele wenguqulo yomsele ungahlala iminyaka engama-7 000 futhi ngezinga elithile ubuyisela indawo ebamba ukushisa eluhlaza okotshani.
• Inketho ehlanganisiwe ilungele noma yisiphi isifunda, kepha isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kungekho msele ogcwele.

Umbhede ofudumele phezulu

Umbhede ofudumele osendaweni yomhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi phezulu, ngoba ungaphezulu ngokuphelele komhlaba. Ukuphakama kwawo kusuka ku-50 kuye kuma-80 cm. Kungcono ukuyihambisa ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga.

Uma ufaka imibhede eminingana, phakathi kwayo ishiya indlela okungenani engama-90 cm, kanti imibhede ngokwayo isondele ku-60-70 cm ububanzi, esiza ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo futhi asikho isidingo sokumba imibhede ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ekwindla.

Maka ubude nobubanzi bemibhede, okungaba yinoma yikuphi, kepha kunconyelwa ukuthi kube lula ukunakekela izitshalo kungabi banzi kuno-90-100 cm (kwesinye isikhathi kube ngu-150 cm).

Bumba ubeke eceleni ungqimba lomhlabathi olungaphezulu kwe-10-15 cm. Umsele umbozwe ungqimba lwamanzi, usebenzisa itshe elichotshoziwe, isihlabathi. Isendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi siyadingeka emhlabathini wenhlabathi noma ezindaweni ezinamanzi angaphezulu komhlaba.

Bangqongqisa ibhokisi elihambisana nobude nobubanzi bemibhede yesikhathi esizayo kusuka emabhodini aminyene / emishinini, ukukhetha komnikazi ukuphakama, kodwa kungabi ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-70. Amabhodi aphathwa nge-antiseptic, ehlanganiswa ngefilimu noma efakwa ngezinto zokuphahla. Esikhundleni samabhodi, ibhokisi laphakade lingenziwa ngezitini noma ezinye izinto.

Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede efudumele ephezulu. Susa inhlabathi engaphezulu.

Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede efudumele ephezulu. Sigcwalisa umbhede ngodoti we-organic.

Ukwakhiwa kwemibhede efudumele ephezulu. Siwela inhlabathi.

Izinto ezibunjiwe zibekwe phezu kongqimba lwamanzi: izigaxa eziwugqinsi, amagatsha, izimpande kanye neziqu zemicu ezigawulwe kuze kufike ku-30 ​​cm ukuphakama. Thela ungqimba ngomhlabathi, ucwebile. Beka ungqimba lwe-biocatronics ka-15- cm cm ngaphezulu - imfucuza ehlukahlukene yezitshalo neyasendlini, amaqabunga, iziqongo ezinempilo zezitshalo zasensimini (ngaphandle kwamazambane namatamatisi), ukhula. Phonsa ungqimba, uthele ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.

Isendlalelo esilandelayo sibekiwe ngezinto ezingabola ngesizini eyodwa: kusuka otshanini, amahlamvu, umquba, umquba, amaconsi ezinyoni. Ingqimba ephezulu kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-20 cm, ukuze ungashisi izimpande ngento ebolile yendalo. Ilungiselelwe kusuka kwinhlanganisela yenhlabathi, i-humus, i-peat. Faka ebhakedeni ngalinye i-20 g ye-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate, i-urea ngomlotha. Hlanganisa kahle bese ugcwalisa ibhokisi.

Ungqimba ngalunye luhlanganisiwe, lumbozwe ungqimba lomhlabathi. Phezulu kwengadi kuniselwa ngamanzi afudumele. Kungcono - ngesisombululo esisebenzayo semikhiqizo yemvelo "Baikal EM-1", "Shine" noma "Ekomik Yield" nabanye equkethe ama-microorganisms aphilayo ukusheshisa ukucubungulwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezincane.

Ngenkathi efudumele, ingadi iniselwa ngendlela ehlelekile ukuze izingqimba ezingezansi zingoma, kepha zibole kancane. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, umbhede kufanele umbozwe ukuze uvikele ukuhwamuka ngokweqile komswakama kanye nokushonelwa kwembewu yokhula ngomoya. Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwayo kumagundane, ahlela "amafulethi abo ebusika" ngokufudumele.

Ebusika, udinga ukwakha izindunduma ezimbalwa embhedeni ukuvikela ukuqhuma ngesikhathi sokuncipha kwentwasahlobo yenhlabathi. Ngentwasahlobo, ungqimba olungaphezulu lwe mibhede luyathukululwa futhi luniselwe ngamanzi afudumele noma izixazululo zomquba ukuze kusebenze inqubo yokushisa ngokukhishwa kokushisa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingaphezulu lemibhede kumele imbozwe ngefilimu.

Trench thayipha imibhede efudumele

Imibhede enjalo ivame ukulungiswa ezifundeni ngokushisa kancane kwenhlabathi ngemuva kokubanda kobusika. Ngohlobo lomsele wombhede ofudumele, bmba umsele wesayizi ofiselekile ngobude nobubanzi be-40-45 cm. Ngaphansi embozwe ungqimba lwesihlabathi. Abalimi abanolwazi banikela ngendlela yasekuqaleni yokuhlukanisa umbhede ofudumele kusuka kubanda obujulile ngamabhodlela epulasitiki anamabhodlela avaliwe. Zimbozwe ngesihlabathi noma inhlabathi.

Ekuphakameni okusele komsele, kubekwa ungqimba we-biofuel kusuka kumashokhethi, emagatsheni, ezimpandeni. Bahlanganisa isikhala ngemfucuza emincane: amahlamvu, izinkuni, iphepha, ngisho namanhlanga. Ungqimba lwesodoli lubekwa phezulu ngesembozo semifino phansi, lunyathelwe kancane futhi luniselwe. Kubekwa ibhokisi elakhiwe ngokhuni elingama-30-40 cm ukuphakama kule ungqimba, lapho kubekwa khona izingqimba ezi-2 zokugcina. Elingezansi liqukethe umquba, umquba, amaqabunga amancane, iphepha, utshani, imfucuza yensimu, umlotha nezinye izinto zokubola ngokushesha. Isendlalelo esiphezulu esingu-15-20 cm kufanele sibe nenhlabathi enhle exutshwe nomquba noma ingxube yenhlabathi, njengombhede ophakeme. Esikhathini sonke sokunakekelwa, akukho mehluko phakathi kwemibhede efudumele ephezulu nepholile.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Simba umgodi ngaphansi kombhede ofudumele.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Sigcwalisa umsele ngamalogi.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Sigcwalisa umsele ngamagatsha nezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Sigcwalisa umsele nge-turf kanye nokhula.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Sigcwalisa umsele ngotshani nomquba.

Ukwakhiwa kombhede ofudumele womsele. Sigcwalisa umsele ngenhlabathi.

Umbhede ofudumele ohlanganisiwe

Imibhede efudumele ehlanganisiwe isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi aphansi. Kulokhu, bamba umsele wokujula okuncane. Setha ibhokisi ukuze ingxenye yalo ibe semhlabathini, futhi uthango olungama-50-70 cm luhlale lungaphezulu kobuso benhlabathi. Izendlalelo zenhlabathi ezizogcwaliswa ziyafana nemibhede yohlobo lokufudumala lomsele. Ukunakekelwa nokusetshenziswa kuyefana nezinhlobo zangaphambili zemibhede efudumele.

Emibhedeni efudumele ungatshala zonke izinhlobo zemifino. Ungazihlelela zombili emhlabathini ovulekile nasemagumbini okugcina izithombo. Okuqukethwe okuhlongozwayo kuhloselwe kakhulu abalimi abasaqala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthola ulwazi, umnikazi ngamunye unezela ukusonta kwakhe ekwakhiweni kwemibhede, ukucebisa inhlabathi, izinhlobo zezinto kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-biofuel.