I-lupins ekhulayo: izinhlobo, izimbali zezithombe

Ama-lupin angenye yezitshalo ezihlobisa kakhulu, futhi abantu abangenalo ulwazi olukhulu ekukhiqizeni kwezitshalo bajwayela. Zaziwa kakhulu njengezitshalo ezingenakudalwa ezikhule ezifundeni ezihlukene zezwe lethu. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali bazikhulisa ngenxa nje yokunakekelwa kalula, ukukhula ngokushesha nemibala ecebile.

Kepha kwabanye abantu, ama-lupins awasho lutho nje njengokhula olujwayelekile. Kunzima ukuthanda izimbali, ezingagcwalisa indawo enkulu.

Izici zezitshalo

AmaLupin angomunye wabameli abaziwayo bomndeni we-legume. Ekuqaleni, le ndoda yajwayela izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle ezazifana kakhulu nogwayi. Kepha isimo sesishintshile ngokuzalaniswa kwama nzalo, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezinjongo zokuhlobisa ekwakhiweni kweziza. Futhi namuhla lezi zimbali zikhulile emazweni amaningi.

Izinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ama-lupins anganda atholakala ezindaweni zabalimi bethu. Umklamo wezimbali ungafaka imibala emhlophe, epinki, e-lilac, ephuzi nebomvu. Noma kunjalo amandla okukhulisa i-tricolor kubenza babukeke ngokwengeziwe, kepha izinhlobo ezithile ze-lupine kuphela eziqukethe lo mhlaba. Kwanele ukutshala izinhlobo ezinjalo kanye, futhi eminyakeni embalwa kuzokwakhiwa ukhaphethi obanzi esizeni, ukuhlobisa inhlabathi ngempumelelo imibala ehlukahlukene egqamile.

Izimbali zeLupine ziqala ukuvula emavikini okuqala ehlobo. Bakha ukwakheka okuhle kakhulu ngokuhlanganiswa nama-peonies.

Ama-lupin awathokozi kuphela ngenxa yokuheha kwawo kanye nokungathobeki kulimo. Ukuba khona kwalesi sitshalo kusiza ukukhulisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi.. Izitshalo zihlinzeka ngalo mphumela ngenxa yokuba khona kwamagciwane alungisa i-nitrogen kuma-tubers. Inzuzo enkulu kulokhu kulokhu ukutshalwa kwe-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo

Uhlobo lwe-lupine lubandakanya izinhlobo eziyinkulungwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokokuqala ngqa, indoda yajwayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zonyaka futhi ngisho neminyaka engama-2000 edlule BC.

Isethulo esikhulu kunazo zonke ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba wethu sinokulinganiselwa Izinhlobo ezingama-200 eziphambili. Ngokuphathelene nezwe lethu, kungaphawulwa ukuthi izinhlobo ezine ezilandelayo zimelelwa kakhulu lapha:

• ophuzi
• mhlophe
• emincane;
• ezinamaphepha amaningi

Ngokuya esikhathini sokukhula, lezi zitshalo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amathathu ayinhloko:

• ngonyaka;
• biennial;
• okungapheli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-lupins angahluka ngosayizi wawo, ngesisekelo esivame ukuhlukaniswa ngawo kube izinhlobo ezinkulu ezikhulu. Futhi ngokuya ngesimo sokukhula, kutholakala izinhlobo zotshani nezihlahlana.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinhlobo ezifakwe kuhlu lunezinto zalo, okuzoba futhi wusizo lokufunda okuningi mayelana:

1. Okuphuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo zonyaka lapho izimbali eziphuzi zakha ngenkathi yokukhula. Imvamisa zinkulu impela futhi azidluli imitha eli-1 ngosayizi. Le nhlobonhlobo ayinakubanda kakhulu ngokungafani ne-lupine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kungokokweqembu lezitshalo ezinqunywe impova. Indawo lapho ukwakheka kwembewu kwenzeka khona ezinhlangothini. Umbala obonakalayo we-lupine ophuzi upende obomvana noma omhlophe. Isisindo sembewu ngu-120-150 gr. yenkulungwane.
2. Okumhlophe Le nhlobonhlobo ivame ukutholakala emazweni aseYurophu. Yisitshalo esinde, sikhula ngokuphakama kufika kumamitha ayi-2. Ngokokuqala ngqa, abantu bahlangana nalokhu okuhlukahlukene eGibhithe lasendulo naseGrisi. Ngemuva kwalokho wayengomunye walezo zitshalo ezazisetshenziselwa ukudla. Isitshalo siphendula kahle ekukhanyiseni, singabekezelela isikhathi eside sesomiso, kepha siyadingeka kakhulu emhlabathini. Isisindo sembewu ngu-250-500 gr. yenkulungwane. Imbewu ngokwayo inkulu kakhulu. Umthunzi wesimo umhlophe noma umhlophe ngepinki.
3. I-Narrow-leaved. Izinhlobonhlobo ziveza izimbali ku-blue hue, yize kunezinhlobo lapho ama-inflorescence amhlophe noma onsomi. Kungokwesigaba sezincwadi zeminyaka ezivundayo. Ungummeleli omude womndeni, okhula ngokuphakama abe ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwesitshalo ngamaphesenti aphezulu wokuhluma, okukhombisa kahle ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima. Imbewu enamaphepha ama-lupine enamaqabunga angamaphepha enamaphethini abukeka njengasekuqaleni. Isisindo sembewu ngu-180-200 g. yenkulungwane. Ngenkathi yokuqala yokutshala, kwakheka irosette yamaqabunga. Ngokwesilinganiso, ikhula ingabi ngaphezu kuka-120 cm. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi. Igremu elilodwa lesisindo lingaqukatha imbewu engu-45. Kwahlalwa okokuqala e-Alaska.
4. Izinhlobonhlobo uLulu "Russell". Lesi sitshalo hhayi kuphela sokuhluma ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa futhi inefomu compact kunalokho. Isitshalo esimile, sikhula size sibe ngama-60 cm. Umzuzu omuhle wokutshala endaweni evulekile kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala emavikini ayi-13. Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke singatshalwa kahle endaweni yama-perennials.
5. -Ngathi Sihlahla. Ingena esigabeni sezimbali ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngo-Agasti. Kungokweqembu lama-perennials, likhula ngokuphakama kube ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Umbala obonakalayo wezimbali umhlophe noma ophuzi.
6. ILupine ihlotshisiwe. Lesi sitshalo sithakazelisa ukubukeka kwalo okuhle; singakhula size sibe ngu-80 cm ukuphakama.

Le yingxenye encane yezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakala emhlabeni wethu. Izinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla zimelelwa ngenani elikhulu kunawo wonke emasimini ezwe lethu. Kwamanye amazwekazi, ezinye izinhlobo ze-lupine zivame kakhulu. Isibonelo, eMelika, amancanyana, ama-hybrid, aguqukayo futhi ahlotshisiwe ayathandwa.

Njengoba kunikezwe izimo ezinzima zelizwe lethu, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe izinhlobo ezikhethekile ze-lupine zokutshala ezingamelana nesithwathwa esinamandla nesomiso.

Ungayikhetha kanjani indawo ongayitshala futhi ulungiselele umhlabathi?

Yize ama-lupins ekhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezibafanele. Lokhu kusebenza nenhlabathi ene-acidic., lapho amathuba okuba aqale ukuphenduka aphuzi. Akunakwenzeka ukudala izimo ezinhle zokukhula kwe-lupins enhlabathini lapho kunokweqile kwe-alkali.

Kuyasiza ukukhulisa ama-lupins enhlabathini enezakhi zomsoco, ezikhulisa ukuzala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuze uthuthukise ikhwalithi yenhlabathi Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-lupins, i-peat kanye ne-lime zingasetshenziswa njengesengezo emhlabathini wokutshala.

Ukuba yisitshalo esithatha izithombe, ama-lupins ayoba umuzwa okhululekile kakhulu endaweni ye-penumbra.

Imvamisa, izinyathelo ezikhethekile zokulungisa umhlabathi wokutshala azidingeki. Uma inhlabathi inezakhi ezanele, ke ngaphandle kokulungiselela kokuqala kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile.

Tshala nini lupins?

Ukutshala nokunakekela enkundleni evulekile yezimbali kufanele kufike ngesikhathi. Imvamisa ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo: lokhu umzuzu ukhethiwe lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele ngokwanelelokho kuvame ukwenzeka vele ngo-Ephreli. Abanye abalimi baphinda basebenzise ukuhlwanyela kwe-lupine ngaphambi kobusika. Kulokhu, imbewu ifakwa emgodini olungiselelwe, ifafazwe ngesendlalelo se-peat ngaphezulu.

Ukutshala imbewu nokutshala izithombo

Inqubo yokukhula kwezinhlobo zonyaka kanye zonyaka ze-lupine ziyinto elula, noma yikuphi okuqalayo kungafeza. Njengezindlela eziphambili, ungasebenzisa ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu noma izithombo, okungenziwa ngo-Ephreli.

Kepha into yokuqala okudingeka uthathe isinqumo sendawo efanelekile esizeni. Ngokulandelayo, imbewu elungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa ingcwatshwa ngokujula kuka-2-3 cm. Ekugcineni, udinga ukunisela kahle.. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izimbali ze-lupine ziqala ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Ukunakekelwa kwezimbali

Ngokuphathelene ne-lupins, imicimbi ebalulekile ibanjwa, njengoba kwenzeka kuzo zonke ezinye izitshalo ezitshaliwe:

• ukuchelela. Ukunisela kuyadingeka ngokulinganisela. Imvamisa, ziniselwa izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngesonto ukufeza izidingo zamanzi zezitshalo. Ngomthamo omncane wemvula, imvamisa yandiswa ukuya ezikhathini ezi-3-4;
• ukukhulula. Ukunisela ngakunye okulandelayo kumele kuqedwe ngokuvula. Siyaphinda futhi, siyakhumbula ukuthi lezi zimbali zizizwa zizinhle kakhulu enhlabathini egcwele umoya-mpilo;
• ukhula. Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo inhlanzeko yendawo lapho kukhulelwa khona ama-lupins, kanye nokususa ukhula ngendlela efanelekile. Ukuba khona kwezinye izitshalo ezakha isithunzi ngeke kusizakale ngama-lupins. Kulokhu, izimbali zizoqala ukwelula futhi ngeke zikwazi ukukhombisa izakhiwo ezilindelekile zokuhlobisa kuzo;
• i-garter ne-trim. Uma kuvunguza imimoya enamandla endaweni yokukhula ye-lupine, bazodinga i-garter. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya isiqu sabo singaphuka, futhi ngenxa yalokho bazolahlekelwa ukubukeka kwabo okuhle. Eminyakeni engu-5 yobudala, bayancipha. Kulesi sigaba sokujikeleza kwempilo, izimbali zazo ziyeka ngokuphelele noma ziqala ukubuna. Kubalulekile ukunquma emva kokuqhakaza izimbali ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kabusha kwama-inflorescences;
• isicelo somanyolo. Njengezinye izitshalo ezitshaliwe, ama-lupins aqhakaza kahle uma etshalwe enhlabathini evundile. Lapho kukhula izimbali enhlabathini emnyama, lesi simo singalungiswa ngokusebenzisa noma imuphi umanyolo wamaminerali noma we-organic. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini;
• ukulawula izinambuzane. Ama-lapin, njengezinye izitshalo, angathintwa yizinambuzane eziyingozi. Ngokuvamile kulimaza izimbali ze-aphid. Yilwa nama-insecticides enzelwe ukubulala lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane. Ama-aphid, kanye nezinye izinambuzane eziningi, zingasaba ngosizo lwezinto ezinamakha kakhulu. Isinyathelo esihle sokuvimbela izimbali ukufafaza umhlonyane, upelepele nesinamoni.

Ukulungiselela ubusika

Ekwindla, umlimi kumele akhethe enye yezindlela zobusika ama-lupins:

• ukumba nezilimo eziyizigaxa ebusika;
• ubusika emhlabathini.

Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ama-lupins ayisitshalo esivimbela ukubanda, angashiywa emhlabathini ebusika. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala kuyadingeka ukuncipha izingxenye zezindiza ukuze kuthi ngemuva kokusebenza ukuphakama kwesiqu kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm kusuka enhlabathini.

Ungasakaza kanjani isitshalo?

Ukuthola izitshalo ezintsha, ungasebenzisa indlela yokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ukusakazeka kwethanga.

Uma indlela yokuqala yakhethwa, kuzobe kudingeka imbewu engabuthelwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezimbali sekuphelile. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu endaweni engapheli kungenziwa ekwindla.

Ukuze kusakazeke ama-lupins ngama-petioles, kuzodingeka ukusisika ngengxenye yesiqu, bese usifaka endaweni elungiselelwe.

Zithandani izitshalo futhi yini eziyesabayo?

Amandla aphezulu angenye yezimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-lupins. Ngakho-ke abantu abathile babaphatha njengokhula olubi, ngoba kudinga umzamo omkhulu nesikhathi ukuze ubasuse esizeni. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni emibi, ama-lupins angatheleleka ezifweni.

Imvamisa kakhulu bahlushwa i-Powdery hlobo, okuvela lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle: ukuba khona komthunzi, ukushoda kwezakhi emhlabathini, ukutshala okuningana, ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa okunamandla.

Ukuphumelela empini yokulwa nalesi sifo kuncike kakhulu esikhathini lapho kuqala izindlela zokwelashwa. Kusebenza kakhulu fafaza izitshalo ezithelelekile ngezidakamizwayakhelwe ukulwa nezifo ezifanayo.

Ekugcineni, afeza ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi futhi avundise inhlabathi. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe kwakungekho ezinye izitshalo esakhiweni ezazingakha umthunzi for lupins. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, kufanele uthole indawo efanelekile yezimbali.

Isiphetho

Ama-lupins awadingi isingeniso esikhethekile, ngoba abaningi bajwayelene nalo njengokhula olunobungozi, okunzima kakhulu ukulususa endaweni. Kodwa-ke, empeleni yisitshalo esingumhlobiso esingakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi indawo ngobukhona baso. Kepha udinga ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yama-lupins, ngoba bazizwa behle kakhulu ngokufiphaza okukhanyayo.

Ivumela ukufezekisa izimbali eziqhakazayo zokutshala nokunakekelwa kwangaphambilini kwe-lupins, okwenziwe ngokuya ngemithetho. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezithile zenhlabathi, kungenzeka kudalwe umanyolo okhethekile ukwenza ngokwejwayelekile izinga le-acidity, kanye nokukhulisa ukuzala.