Inhlabathi: ukulungiselela indawo yokutshala kwentwasahlobo

Amaconsi ayakhala egcekeni, Ephreli uqala - isikhathi sokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala nokutshala imifino emhlabathini ovulekile.

Isimo esiyinhloko sokuthola isivuno esiphakeme, esiphakeme kakhulu kuya ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi. Zonke izitshalo zidinga inhlabathi evundile, ekhanyayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ethambile, enamanzi nephefumulekayo evele ibe izigaxa ezincane lapho ivuthiwe. Ukuntanta, okusindayo noma kwesihlabathi asikwazi ukunikeza izimo ezidingekayo. Inhlabathi enjalo idinga ukucolisiswa, okubandakanya ukwethula abalimi, okungeziwe kwezinto eziphilayo, nakwamanye amasu nezindlela.

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi yasentwasahlobo engadini

Umsebenzi wokuqala wokulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwentwasahlobo

Ukunqunywa kokuvuthwa kwenhlabathi

Ukuvuthwa kwenhlabathi ukuqala komsebenzi wentwasahlobo kunqunywa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.

• umlenze akufanele ucwenge kuphalishi lomhlabathi, ushiye ukukhanya (kungabi ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm)
• inqwaba yomhlaba kusuka kungqimba yenhlabathi engaphezulu (kusuka ekujuleni kuka-6-10 cm) iyacindezelwa futhi ivunyelwe ukuwa kusuka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,3-1,5. Isigaxa esicwebezelayo siwumhlaba omanzi, sikhubazekile futhi sivuthwe. Ungaqala umsebenzi wentwasahlobo.
• inhlabathi ayakhi inhlama eqinile lapho ifakwe, iyakhubeka ngokushesha lapho intende ivulwa (imvamisa yesihlabathi) - inhlabathi isomile futhi ukunisela kuyadingeka lapho ukuhlwanyela / ukutshala.

Ukuvalwa komswakama wasentwasahlobo

Lapho nje ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlaba luvuthwe, ukuqunjelwa kwenhlabathi okumbiwe kusuka ekuwo kuyenziwa. Ukuqothuka kwenhlabathi kuphulwa yi-rake, ingaphezulu liyendilizwa, ikakhulukazi ngokutshala izilimo ezinhlamvu ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, udoti uyakhishwa engadini (amaqabunga, izinsalela zeziqongo zezilimo ezivunwe sekwephuzile ekwindla, okusekela okusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izitshalo ezinde). Le ndlela isebenza futhi ekuqothulweni kwemibala yokhula futhi igcine umswakama enhlabathini.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvalwa komswakama ezinhlabathini ezikhanyayo nasezindaweni ezinamanzi ajulile komhlaba. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi loma ngokushesha.

Siphatha intwasahlobo ngokuhlakulwa nokukhululwa kwenhlabathi emibhedeni. © ukuvumelana okuhle

Ukumba kwentwasahlobo

Kungcono ukuqeda ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi ekwindla (ukugaya, ukufaka umanyolo), kanye nangentwasahlobo ukuze uzilinganisele lapho ulungiselela ukuhlwanyela ungqimba olungaphezulu olukhona.

Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi enesisindo esindayo evame ukumba kabusha entwasahlobo. Njengomthetho, wenziwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela noma ukufakelwa kwezithombo. Ukumba kwenziwa ekuphakameni kwesendlalelo sezimpande (cm 15) ngesibuya noma ngaphandle kwerebi.

Ukumba ngokushintshwa kwenqolobane kuyenziwa uma isiza sihlanganiswa kakhulu nokhula olunesihlungu, uma amabhungane kaMeyi, izibungu ze-nutcracker nabanye babonwa ehlobo eledlule. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungcono kakhulu ukumba ngaphandle kokuthola imali yokugcina, ikakhulukazi emhlabathini owonakele, olwe-turf, onesihlabathi. Uma indawo ingavaliwe, entwasahlobo ungazikhawulela kulinywe ngokujulile (10-12 cm) (ngesandla ugaya nge-hoe), nayo ekhulula kahle ungqimba lomhlaba bese imboza umswakama.

Kungani ukushintshanisa kokubumbeka kungathandeki? Inhlabathi iyisidalwa esiphilayo, kusendlalelo ngasinye abahlala kuso. Esigungwini esiphezulu sokuphefumula kuneqembu lama-microorganisms aerobic acubungula izinto eziphilayo lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo kumakhompiyutha we-humic atholakala ezitshalweni. Ngaphandle kwesendlalelo esingu-15 cm kunombuso wama-anaerobes, wona umoya-mpilo ubuthi. Ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokwenza izinto kuguqula isimo sokuphila sawo womabili amaqembu, kubangele ukufa kwawo. I-microflora ye-pathogenic ithatha indawo engenamuntu, ikhwalithi yenhlabathi iyancipha, okusho ukuthi izimo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe zizokonakala esikhathini esizayo. Kaningi uhlelo lwezitshalo luyothinteka ezifweni.

Ama-Siderates athuthukisa kahle ukuzala kwenhlabathi nesimo sawo somzimba. Ungafunda kabanzi ngeqhaza lama-siderate kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kwabo ezindabeni ezifanele. I-Siderata ihlanza ngokuphelele inhlabathi yokhula, ikhulule ungqimba olungaphezulu ngohlelo lwayo lwezimpande futhi iluqhakambise ngezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokubola kwe-biomass. Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo emibhedeni ngomquba oluhlaza: bhula umquba oluhlaza noma mane ulime isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba bese utshala izithombo noma uhlwanyele imbewu ngqo kuzinhlamvu ezikhona.

Kumakamelo ehlobo, kungakuhle kakhulu ukufaka ingadi emigqeni nasemigqeni, evumela ukufeza wonke umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo kahle nangesikhathi: ukusula ingadi ukhula, ukufaka umanyolo, amanzi nokutshala izithombo.

Ukulima amaloli ajwayelekile

Ukulima okujwayelekile kufaka ukuhlwanyela noma ukutshala ngokulandelana kwezihlahla ezinde, izitshalo ezinkulu (utamatisi omude, ukhukhamba, ubhontshisi onama-curly) noma ngetheyipu eyodwa (izaqathe, u-anyanisi, ama-radish). Phakathi kwemigqa nezimbambo kushiya izindlela zokunakekelwa kwezilimo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imigqa ngayinye akuyona ukusetshenziswa okuphumelela kakhulu kwesakhiwo sengadi: inani elikhulu lomhlaba lihlala ezindleleni; lapho sicubungula izitshalo, izixazululo ziwela emugqeni olandelayo ngesiko elingalapheki ngomuthi osetshenzisiwe, kuyimpilo enkulu ukunisela izitshalo, njll.

Ingadi ejwayelekile ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwemingcele, emibhedeni yezimbali zemifino noma ezindaweni ezigcinelwe izilimo zokwelapha, lapho kukhula izitshalo ezinde noma ezinamandla.

Ingadi kusuka emibhedeni

Njengoba kunendawo encane yengadi, kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa imibhede yezitshalo ezikhulayo.

Imibhede ihlukaniswe

• zakudala
• umsele ojulile
• iphakanyisiwe
• imibhede - amabhokisi,
• imibhede - amabhokisi.

Ukulima ingadi kukuvumela ukuthi ungene ngokushintshana kwesiko, ukugcinwa kwawo kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi nezilimo ezitshaliwe, ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa kwezitshalo. Imibhede ingenziwa isikhashana, kepha mhlawumbe ihlala unomphela, kuhlala indawo ethile ekhishini ehlobo yemifino nezinye izilimo.

Ungawenza kanjani imibhede?

Imibhede yasendulo

Imibhede yasekuqaleni yakhiwa ngqo emhlabathini. Abanayo usayizi ojwayelekile. Imvamisa umgcini wegadi ngamunye uphawula indawo (ububanzi nobude) ukuze ikwazi ukucubungula izitshalo futhi zizinakekele ezindleleni, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ingadi yensimu.

Imibhede ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi kube nokuhamba kwamahhala komunye nomunye kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ngomshini onjalo, ububanzi obukhulu bombhede buyi-1.5-1.6 m. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ohlangothini ngalunye, ungacubungula indawo yombhede ubude bengalo yakho eyeluliwe (70-80 cm) ngaphandle kokungena embhedeni uqobo. Ubude buyimpikiswano futhi kuya ngosayizi wesakhiwo esabelwe ingadi. Phakathi kwemibhede ishiya amathrekhi ngobubanzi obungama-50-100 cm, ozovumela ukusetshenziswa kwamahhala kwemishini yasensimini, izitshalo zamanzi nezinqubo. Ngalendlela, ukhula nokunye ukungcola kudonswa emgqeni ngenkathi efudumele, kuthi ekwindla bahlanza amathrekhi, bedlulisela into eziphilayo embhedeni bese beyimba njengezinto ezingezelelekile eziphilayo. Imibhede engapheli nezindlela ezifanele zizokwenza ingadi ihlanzeke futhi ihehe, yenze kube lula ukulawula ukhula.

Embhedeni, kutshalwa izitshalo endaweni esenyakatho-eningizimu. Lokhu kulungiswa kwezitshalo kufaka isandla ekuhlanganisweni okungcono kwemigqa yezitshalo, kunciphisa ukubopha kwazo omunye komunye. Uma imibhede isuselwa empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, ukuhlwanyela / ukutshala akwenziwa hhayi, kodwa ngaphesheya kwemibhede.

Emithambekeni, imibhede itholakala ngale kwethambeka ngamasheya ahlukile.

Uma imibhede yayivundiswa ekwindla ukumba, khona-ke ku-fertilizer yasentwasahlobo ayisetshenziswa. Umsebenzi ukhawulelwe ukuvala umswakama (ukukhipha isivuno), ukulima ngaphambi kokutshala kanye (uma kunesidingo) ukunisela kwasendaweni emiseleni noma kwizimbobo ngaphambi kokutshala / ukutshala.

Ukwakhiwa kwentwasahlobo yemibhede. © Ukuvuselelwa Kwanyanga zonke

Imibhede ejulile

Imibhede ejulile ihlukaniswe ngokujulile kanye nomsele. Ngalobu buchwepheshe, isisekelo sebhede singene singene emhlabathini. Imvamisa, imibhede ejule yakhiwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, futhi endaweni evulekile - ezindaweni ezinosawoti noma ezindaweni ezinosawoti.

Ngokuqondene ne-classic, maka indawo engadini. Isikhonkwane sidonswa ekhoneni ngalinye bese intambo yesiginali idonswa endaweni ephakeme efanayo. Sika ngommese noma ifosholo elizungeze umngcele wembhede (lingabi nawo ama-4, kepha ama-5-6 emakhoneni - okukhethile) ungqimba we-turf. Igoqe njengokhaphethi.

Kuphendula isisekelo semibhede ejule. Ukunciphisa ukuhluma kokhula, isisekelo sebhede simbozwe ngotshani obukhulu kusuka kunoma yiziphi izinto zemvelo ezithuthukisiwe - amakhadibhodi, amaphephandaba amadala, afundelwa izimbobo zomagazini ezindala, amagwababa. Esisekelweni beka ukhaphethi wefudu nge-turf phansi. Futhi-ke izingqimba ze-10-12 cm zifakwe ngaphakathi nge-humus, umhlaba (kusuka kumathrekhi), umquba. Uku-oda kokubekwa kwezendlalelo kusesikhundleni somnikazi okufanele akhethe, into esemqoka ukuthi ungqimba oluphezulu kufanele lube sezingeni eliphezulu, lungcono kune-humus land. Entwasahlobo, umbhede uhanjiswa ukuze uvale umswakama. Ngaphambi kokutshala / ukutshala, vula futhi ukhiphe amanzi endaweni (uma kunesidingo). Ukufaka umquba akudingeki. Umbhede onjalo kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ungahlalwa yizilimo ezivimbela ukubanda. I-humus ne-compost, ukubola, kuzonyusa izinga lokushisa lengqimba yenhlabathi. Futhi ngezilimo ezingamelana nokubanda, + 3 ... + 5 * C kwanele ukuqala ukuhlwanyela. Ngemuva kokuvuna izitshalo ezinobuhlakani obunemifino emifushane, izilimo zingatshalwa izithombo zezitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Imibhede yomsele isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi eningizimu. Bamba imisele ukujula kwamasentimitha angama-30-50. Sika imisele ngemichumiso ye-organic kanye neye-mineral. Inhlabathi ayomile. Izitshalo zifihlwe emisebeni yelanga evuthayo, zakha izitshalo ezinhle, zigule kancane. Kepha, imibhede enjalo ifanele kuphela inhlabathi enamanzi amahle okuthola amanzi. Ngobumba, ama-chernozems neminye inhlabathi evumayo, ukumiswa kwezimpande kanye nokubonakala kokuwohloka kwezimpande kuzoqala ndawo zonke.

Imibhede yamabhokisi

Imibhede ephakeme

Muva nje, ezolimo bezilokhu ziqashelwa ngokwengeziwe ngaphandle kokumba. Kulula kakhulu ukuyifeza emibhedeni ephezulu noma ephezulu. Bathola amagama ahlukile kubalimi, kepha iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi inhlabathi emibhedeni enjalo ayidingi kumba. Ungqimba oluphezulu lucebiswe nge-microflora enenzuzo, ukhula lubhujiswe kalula.

Njalo ngonyaka, kufakwa izinto eziphilayo engadini, ukhula ngaphansi kwezilimo uthathelwa indawo nge-mulching.

Ubuchwepheshe bokwephula imibhede enjalo bukhona ekwakheni uthango lwamabheshi aphezulu angama-20-25 cm, aphezulu - aze afike ku-50-60, kwesinye isikhathi aze afike ku-90 cm. Imibhede ebiyelwe ebekwe phansi yathola amagama ahlukile kusuka kubalimi:

• umquba
• bajabule
• efudumele
• ingadi ephezulu
• ingulule ingadi
• ukugibela ingadi.

Ubuningi obukhulisiwe, noma womquba, imibhede efudumele imvamisa ihlelwe ngokuqondile endaweni engadini. Imibhede yobukhulu obujwayelekile iboshwe ngezinto ezifanele: amabhodi, izihlangu, imivini ye-wicker nabanye. Inhlabathi ingafakwa emgodini wefosholo ukwandisa ukutholakala kwamanzi. Amagatsha omile, amagxolo ezihlahla, izihlahla zokhuni, ukusikwa, amaqabunga, utshani bokubumba, izindandatho ezindala zibekwa phezu komhlaba obunjiwe noma ngqo emhlabathini, ziwafafaze ngenhlabathi. Ngaphezulu, umquba womquba noma umquba obolile, utshani obunamachaphaza enyoni bubekwe ungqimba lwe-10-12 cm. Ingqimba elandelayo inhlabathi futhi i-organic futhi. Bala ukuze ungqimba oluphezulu luvela emhlabathini omuhle wegadi, ungaxuba ishidi ne-humus. Umanyolo ohlelwe ungangezelelwa kusendlalelo ephezulu ngaphansi kweleki. Embhedeni wokuxazulula engeza inhlabathi, umquba, umquba. Ungasebenzisa umanyolo oluhlaza - umquba oluhlaza. Kungcono ukuhlwanyela ama-oats noma i-rye ngaphandle kokujula emhlabathini. Vele usakaze imbewu phezu kwenhlabathi bese umba umbhede. Uma kunesidingo, amanzi. Kungcono ukushiya i-siderate kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Entwasahlobo, gunda isisindo esingaphezulu komhlaba bese uyisebenzisa ukufaka izithombo zokutshala noma lapho utshala izithombo.

Imibhede ye-multilayer ayikwazi ukumbiwa. Faka kuphela unyaka nonyaka ingxube yezinto eziphilayo kanye nenhlabathi. Ngaphambi kokutshala / ukuhlwanyela, vula ungqimba olungaphezulu ka-5-10 cm kancane. Le ntwasahlobo iniselwa ngamanzi ashisayo entwasahlobo, ifakwe ngezinto zokumboza, utshani. Izinto eziphilayo "ziyala", okungukuthi, zibola kakhulu ngokukhishwa kokushisa. Umhlabathi osembhedeni onjalo ufudumeza izinsuku ezingama-6 kuya kwezi-6 ngokushesha kunomhlabathi ojwayelekile. Umbhede ofudumele uyakuvumela ukuthi utshale izithombo ngaphambili (uma kunesidingo, ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela) futhi uthole isivuno semifino sangaphambilini. Imibhede ephakanyisiwe, efakelwe insimbi ingabekwa ekusakazweni kwamasiko kuzo zonke izifunda.

Imibhede

Sekuyisikhathi eside amabhokisi asembhedeni esetshenziswa ngabalimi. Lezi yindawo yokugcina izithombo lapho izithombo zitshalwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngemuva kokukhethwa kwayo, izilimo zemifino zitshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Bahle ngoba ngemuva kokusampula izithombo empeleni akudingi ukulungiswa, ngoba inhlabathi yezithombo ihlala ilungiswa ngokucophelela nangomanyolo owenele.

Indlela ejwayelekile yokuhlela ingadi

Imibhede engadini

Imibhede engadini ivele muva nje futhi isivele ihlolwe ezindaweni ezinamahlobo ashisayo nezimo sezulu ezibandayo.

Umshini wabo uphinda kwakhiwe imibhede ephakanyisiwe. Imininingwane engaphezulu ingatholwa esihlokweni esihambelanayo. Lolu hlobo lombhede lunezinzuzo eziningana:

• ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, umbhede omkhulu usika inhlabathi ebandayo,
• Ukubuthwa kabusha kwezinsalela zezidalwa eziphilayo kudala ukushisa kwenhlabathi kokuqala, okusheshisa ukutshala / ukutshala izilimo zokuqala,
• lapho kuthambisa, amanzi awandaba,
• akukho ukhula
• kulula ukulwa nama-moles, phansi kwayo kufakwe ngemisebe emihle.

Amabhokisi emibhede endaweni eyodwa angasebenza "aze afike eminyakeni eyi-6-8 noma ngaphezulu, uma akhiwe kahle.

Ukunakekelwa Okuyinkimbinkimbi

Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, into engokwemvelo esetshenziswayo izophela. Ingaphezulu lenhlabathi lizodinga ukuhlanzwa, lithathelwe indawo inhlabathi entsha, okungcono i-organic, bese kulandelwa i-mulching ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi we-organic. Ukuze inhlabathi ingashisi ngokweqile ebhokisini, kudingeka ukuthambisa njalo, okubhubhisa isakhiwo senhlabathi. Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, izingqimba ezintsha zenhlabathi ziyadingeka ukuqala kombhede ofudumele, odonsa ukunakekelwa.

Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, enyakatho ebandayo ebhokisini engadini, lokhu kuyinqubekela phambili kukhula yemifino enhlabathini evulekile.

Ukulungiselela isiza sokuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi, kufanele:

1. Umsebenzi oyinhloko (ukuvuna imfucumfucu yesitshalo, ukugaya, ukufaka umanyolo, ukuhlwanyelwa umquba oluhlaza) kwenziwa ekwindla, okuvumela ukuthi ube nesikhathi sokulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala izilimo zokuqala entwasahlobo.
2. Entwasahlobo, lapho nje umhlabathi owomile wenhlabathi uvumela, ukuhanjiswa kuyenziwa ukuvala (ukugcina) umswakama. Uma kunesidingo, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngomquba oluhlaza oqoshiwe, ukusikwa okuhle, humus.
3. Ngomoya owomile nowokushisa ngokushesha kwenhlabathi, imibhede imbozwe nge-lutrasil noma ezinye izinto zokumboza. Le ndlela isheshisa ukufudumala kwenhlabathi kuze kufike ezinsukwini eziyisithupha.
4. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala, kulungiswa imibhede efudumele. Zingabekwa ekwindla futhi ukufudumala kungabangelwa ngokunisela ngamanzi ashisayo noma entwasahlobo ngokusebenzisa umquba ngotshani ngaphansi kophahla lomhlabathi.

Imibhede ehamba phambili yaseningizimu iklasikhi, iphakanyisiwe futhi imisele.

Ezifundeni ezibandayo ezinamahlobo amafushane namafrimu anzima ebusika, izilimo zemifino zakuqala zikhula kahle emibhedeni engadini, emibhedeni engadini, lapho inhlabathi engaxhumene nomhlabathi oyinhloko ifudumala khona ngokushesha.