Izihlahla zezithelo ziyizitshalo zangempela nekhwalithi yensimu yesikhathi esizayo, ubude bayo, izindleko zokugcina nokulungiswa, futhi, ekugcineni, ubungako kanye nekhwalithi yesitshalo esiphumelelayo, kuncike ezintweni zokutshala ezikhethwe kahle.
Isihlahla esisha sesihlahla se-apula.
Yini okudingeka yenziwe ngaphambi kokuthenga izithombo?
Ngaphambi kokubeka noma ukuvuselela amasimu engadi, sikucebisa ukuthi wenze umsebenzi wokulungiselela.
Bhala phansi kudayari engadini ukuthi yiziphi izithombo, izitshalo, izinhlobo nezinsuku zokuvuthwa okudingeka uzithenge. Inani labo ukudweba uhlelo lokufika kudayari kusengaphambili, nokulungiselela imigodi yokufika esizeni.
Setha ukuphakama kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ukujula kongqimba oluvundile nolungaphansi, okubaluleke kakhulu uma isiza sitholakala ezingxabanweni zangaphambili nakwezinye iziphazamiso.
Njengomthetho, ingadi itshalwa ngezithombo ezihlanganisiwe. Futhi ukujula kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kuzoncika ekutheni yisiphi isitolo sokuthenga izithombo.
Ukukhetha izithombo kwesitoko
Lapho ukhetha isithombo, qiniseka ukuthi unaka isitoko. "Impilo" yensimu yesikhathi esizayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhwalithi yesitshalo esizayo, kuya ngohlobo olufanele lwesitoko.
Isigaxa (esibuthakathaka) sesitoko Inohlelo oluphambili lwempande, lubhekene nezinhlekelele zesimo sezulu, futhi luhlala isikhashana.
Imbewu (emide) isitoko, ihlala isikhathi eside futhi imelana nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Uma ikhebula lasehlobo likhulu ngokwanele, lisendaweni ephansi ngokutholakala kwamanzi aphansi (okujulile), ungathenga izithombo esitokisini sembewu esinamandla. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo ezinesiphunzi esinjalo lubaluleke kakhulu futhi lungena emhlabathini lufika kumamitha ayi-3-4. Izikhonkwane sizobamba isihlahla kahle emhlabathini ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukene (imimoya enamandla yesiphepho, izikhukhula, njll.). Kepha udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi kuma-rootwoods amade, izihlahla zifinyelela ku-9-15 m ukuphakama, okwenza kube nzima ukunakekela isivuno esinjalo.
Uma isakhiwo sincane, sitholakala ezweni eliphansi, ungqimba oluvundile aludluli ku-50-60 cm, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba aseduze kobuso (phezulu), khona-ke kusebenza kakhulu ukuthenga izithombo endaweni esezingeni eliphansi noma eliphakathi nendawo. Ukuze ulondoloze izihlahla zezimpande ezixakile, ezinjengezinde, kudingeka zithukwe.
Abalimi abanolwazi bathanda amasheya akhula ngokuqinile, ngoba amelana kakhulu nezinhlekelele zezulu kanye nenhlabathi okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ezingxenyeni zemifino ezincane, izitshalo zithela izithelo kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwezingu-15, futhi ezitshalweni ezinamandla ezinamanzi zingakhula zibe ngu-80-100.
Faka umuthi wokugomela kwisithombo.
Ungawuhlukanisa kanjani uhlobo lwesitoko lapho uthenga isithombo?
Njengoba ukhethe uhlobo oluthile lwezithombo olungele izimo zensimu yakho, qala uhlole uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande.
Isitoko semashi
Zonke izimpande zesitoko zishiya intamo yezimpande, zingama-cm eyodwa ubukhulu kanye nobude. Uhlobo lohlelo lwempande lufibilili, lunezimpande ezincane zokubamba.
Isitoko esinamandla (imbewu)
Impande yesiphunzi induku, iqonde. Izimpande ezinciphile ezilandelanayo zisuka kwinduku ephakathi. Ngokuhlobene nesiqu esimaphakathi, acishe azungeze, agqunywe ngama-sparse, izimpande ezincane.
Imithetho yokukhetha isithombo
1. Ukutholakala kwe-Tag
Isithombo kufanele sibe nomaki lapho kuzokhonjiswa khona imininingwane elandelayo:
- uhlobo lwamasiko (umuthi we-apula, uphondo, i-quince, njll.),
- igama lezinhlobonhlobo
- indawo (yasendaweni, esinye isifunda, izwe); kungcono ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthenga izinhlobo zezinhlobo zendawo,
- isikhathi sokuvuthwa (ekuqaleni, phakathi, sekwephuzile),
- uhlobo lwesitoko
- iminyaka yesithombo.
2. iminyaka yobudala
Okuhle kakhulu kokutshala izithombo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala. Bazivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha. Iminyaka engu-4-5 yobudala eneminyaka engama-3-4 ubudala iba nezimpande endaweni entsha, idlulisa ukufakelwa kunobuhlungu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezithombo ezineminyaka engu-1-2 ubudala, izingane ezineminyaka engu-5 zihlala ziphuzile ngokwenziwa kwezitshalo zokuqala (izilimo zethenda zeminyaka engu-2-3).
Ngamapharamitha angaphandle, isithombo kufanele sibe nosayizi ojwayelekile.
- Isithombo esineminyaka engu-1 ubudala: ukuphakama kwesiqu kungamamitha angama-0.7-1.0, ububanzi besiqu singama-cm-1-1-1-1.3. ubude besistimu yezimpande bungama-25-35 cm.
- Isithombo esineminyaka emi-2 ubudala: isithombo sokuphakama yisithombo esingu-1,8-1,5 m, ubude besiqu sifinyelela ku-2.0 cm. Ubude bempande sisuka ku-30 cm. Ingxenye ye-a emoyeni ingaba namagatsha we-lateral.
- Isithombo esine minyaka engu-2-2 sinomqhubi ophakathi nendawo (isiqu) namagatsha ama-lateral angama-3-5 (ithambo lesikhathi esizayo). Ama-lateral amahlumela (amagatsha) kufanele anwebe kusuka esiqwini nge-angle ka-45 ... ama-90 degrees. Amagatsha atholakala ekhoneni lesihlahla sesihlahla esidala angahle aphule ngaphansi komthwalo wesilimo. Nge pearl, i-angle yokuphambuka ingaba bukhali (isici salesi siko), yandiswa ngomlenze ngenkathi kwakhiwa umqhele.
3. Uhlelo lwezimpande
Izimpande kufanele zibe nokubukeka okunempilo, zibushelelezi ngaphandle kokuqina nezilonda. Okuhlukile yi-sea buckthorn kanye nezinye izitshalo ezinamagciwane a-nitrogen-fixing ezimpandeni zawo ezincekwini.
Ukusikwa, impande enempilo inombala okhanyayo, ocwebezelayo omswakama. Umbala omnyama onqenqemeni - kungenzeka ukuthi lesi yisithombo seqhwa. Omile - uhlelo lwezimpande selomile, lesi yisithombo sizothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi, cishe, sizokufa. Uhlelo lwezimpande kumele lube nezimpande zokubamba. Izimpande nezimpande kumele zikhuthale. Bare, izimpande ezomile ngeke ziphila!
4. Isimo sangaphandle sesithombo
Isiqu sesithombo kufanele siqonde. Amagxolo abushelelezi, ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama noma amachashazi. Amachashazi amnyama ayizindawo ezizayo zokuphuma kwezinsini (isimo esidabukisayo sokutholwa kwezinsini, ikakhulukazi ngamapharele, ama-apricots, kanye namakhehla amnandi). Amagxolo aphilayo ekushengeni aluhlaza okotshani, akhanya. Igxolo elishwabene futhi ngaphansi kwawo ungqimba owomile wezinkuni kuwuphawu lokuhlala isikhathi eside lwesithombo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi (isithombo sesomile, siphelelwe umswakama sangaphakathi futhi kungenzeka singasebenzi).
Akunconywa ukuthenga izithombo ezinamaqabunga, ikakhulukazi lezo ezilahlekelwe yi-turgor, drooping. Izithombo ezinjalo zazimbiwa zisencane kakhulu, izinkuni azizange zivuthwe, futhi izihlahla zazingabulawa kalula yisithwathwa.
Ukuqunjelwa kwesihlahla sezithelo ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile.
5. Isimo sokugoma
Uma umuthi wokugoma ugonyelwe, hlola ngokucophelela indawo yokugoma. Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokugoma, kepha kuhambisana ameva noma ukuphuma ngesihlakala esikhunjeni (ikakhulukazi amaplamu, ama-apricots, amapetshisi, amapheya). Ngakho-ke, batshala igeyimu yomdlalo ngokususelwa kumthengi ongenalwazi. Umuthi wokugoma weqiniso awunakuphi okulotshwe ngaphandle kwameva.
6. Izithombo zezinhlobo zama-columnar
Imbewu enonyaka owodwa yezilimo ezakhiwe njengamakholoni ihlukile ngaphandle ngeminyaka ejwayelekile eyenziwa ngumqhubi omkhulu ophakathi nendawo (isiqu sesikhathi esizayo), kusuka ku-1.5 noma ngaphezulu kwamasentimitha. Ezinhlwanyelweni ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala zezilimo ezimethwe ngamakholoni, ihlumela eliphakathi nendawo / isiqu azinawo amagatsha alandayo. Ezitshalweni ezijwayelekile, amahlumela akamuva (izingcezu ezi-2-3-5) asevele akhiwe yilonyaka.
Ungasindisa kanjani isithombo ngaphambi kokutshala?
Isithombo esithengiwe kumele sipakishwe ngokushesha ukuze ngesikhathi sokuhamba singaphuli umuthi wokugoma futhi singomisi izimpande. Kufanele ube ne-rag ramp, burlap kanye nesikhwama eside nawe. Songa izimpande zesithombo ngesigaxa esimanzi, uhudule ngobunono i-twine ku-burlap emanzi futhi kuphela lapho - esikhwameni sepulasitiki. Isithombo esinjalo ngeke silahlekelwe umswakama ngesikhathi sokuhamba futhi ngeke silinyazwe.
