Ukolweni wasebusika yisilimo sokusanhlamvu esibalulekile ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwawo okukhulu kanye nokungathobeki. Okusanhlamvu kwayo kusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa okusanhlamvu, i-pasta kanye nokubhaka, kuthi amabele kakolweni ayokondla izilwane zasepulazini. Udosi ovela kule nhlobonhlobo ubuye nenani elikhulu lokudla okunempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyengezwa ekwakhiweni kwamaphepha nasembhedeni wezilwane.
Ukubonakaliswa kwesiko nezigaba zokukhula kwalo
Le nhlobonhlobo kakolweni ibizwa ngokuthi ubusika ngoba okusanhlamvu kuhlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna isivuno esedlule. Lapho isiko lingena emhlabeni, lidlula ekuthuthukisweni kwalo ngezigaba eziningana. Izinga lokukhula kuncike kwisimo sezulu, ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi nakwezinye izimo. Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa izigaba ezi-6 zokukhula kukolweni ebusika:
- Izithombo ukuhluma kwembewu kwenzeka ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Isikhathi sisonke sisuka ku-15 siye ku-25, bese izitshalo zingena ebusika. Badla ukubatshala sekwephuzile, izithombo ziyaqhubeka entwasahlobo ngemuva kokushisa.
- Ukulungisa inqubo inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-lateral processes on the stems kanye nezimpande. Inani lembewu ehlwanyelwe enhlabathini, kanye nokujula kokubekelwa kwabo, kungathinta ukuqina kwezitshalo.
- Ukuphuma ku -hubhu isikhathi esiqala lapho kuvela i-node yokuqala kusiqu esikhulu. Inqubo yenzeka entwasahlobo, cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuqalwa kabusha kwenkathi yokukhula.
- Ukuzwa - ukubonakala kwama-spikelets kumahlumela.
- Izimbali ziqala izinsuku ezingama-4-5 ngemuva kokuvela kwama-spikelets futhi zihlala cishe isonto. Kwisipikili esihlukile, izimbali kuqala zibonakala ezingxenyeni engezansi, bese kuthi kamuva zingaphezulu.
- Ukuvuthwa yisigaba eside lapho okusanhlamvu kwakhiwa khona ngama-spikelets bese kancane kancane kuncipha umswakama. Emavikini amabili, okusanhlamvu kobisi kuvele ubisi (40-60% umswakama). Bese kulandela isigaba se-wax sokuvuthwa, iphesenti lamanzi okusanhlamvu lisuka ku-20 liye ku-40%. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kuyisigaba lapho okusanhlamvu kuqukethe amanzi ka-15-20% futhi kuqina.
Isikhathi semifino kakolweni obusika singasukela ezinsukwini ezingama-275 kuya kwezingama-350, kubandakanya nesikhathi sasebusika. Lesi sikhathi sincike esikhathini sokutshala imbewu enhlabathini nezimo zezulu. Entwasahlobo, izinqubo ziyaqala lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-5 ° C.
Ukutshala Nobuchwepheshe Bokunakekela
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima ukolweni ebusika buyinqubo ende. Umkhiqizo ukhuphuka kakhulu enhlabathini evundile lapho kukhona imvula eqhubekayo ngenkathi efudumele, kanye nalapho kungekho khona iqhwa elinamandla.
Izidingo zenhlabathi nezesimo sezulu
Ukolweni uzothela isivuno esihle enhlabathini evundile, i-acidity yawo isukela ku-6 iye ku-7.5. Ama-chernozems afakwe umswakama noma ezinye izinhlobo zenhlabathi eziqukethe inani elikhulu lomsoco zilungele wona. Inani lokuvuna lincike endaweni yezwe. Ezindaweni ezinamaxhaphozi aphansi, izitshalo zikhula futhi zikhule kahle.
Izinhlobo zesimo sikakolweni sasebusika zanamuhla zimelana neqhwa. Lapho kukhona isendlalelo seqhwa esihle, lezi zitshalo zingamelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuka-20-30 ° C. Kodwa-ke, uma kungekho iqhwa, izitshalo zingafa ngisho ngo-15 ° C.
Ngokolweni onjalo, ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa entwasahlobo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi. Uma amaqhwa enzeka ngemuva kokuba izinqubo zezimila sezibuyele kabusha, zingasonakalisa ngokuphelele isivuno.
Umanyolo
Kubalulekile ukufaka umquba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zikakolweni obusika ngesikhathi nangendlela efanele, uma kungenjalo, isivuno sizoba yindlala. Kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokufaka umanyolo: ukugqoka izimpande phezulu (emhlabathini) kanye nefoliari, noma iqabunga. Leli siko lingondliwa kaningana kuya ngesigaba sezitshalo zalo:
- ngesikhathi sokutshala - potassium, phosphorus, umanyolo we-organic;
- izithasiselo ze-nitrogen - entwasahlobo, ngoba ngokushesha zigezwa ziphume enhlabathini.
Enye yezindlela eziphambili zokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesitshalo ngokufaka umanyolo ukugqokwa phezulu.
Ukugqoka kweshidi phezulu kukakolweni ebusika entwasahlobo nge-urea kukuvumela ukuba uthole okusanhlamvu okukhulu okusindayo futhi ukwandise inani labo. Ngokungafani nezinye izicucu ze-ammonia (amanzi e-ammonia ne-nitrate), le nto ayishisi izitshalo.
Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Nokhula
Ngesikhathi sezithombo, ukolweni ukhula kabi uma ukhula lumphazamisa. Ama-herbicides kakolweni obusika yizisombululo zamakhemikhali ezilwa nokhula. Imvamisa kungeniswa emhlabathini ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi, lapho umsebenzi wezitshalo ezingafuneki ukhuphuka. Abanye bahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo weNitrogen nokwelashwa nge-herbicides.
Izifo zikakolweni zasebusika ziyizilonda ezihlukahlukene zamagciwane (omnyama, ophuzi, i-basal bacteriosis), izinqubo zokubeka ezimpandeni, izilonda zefungal (fusarium) nezinye. Kulesi sifo ngasinye kunezidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa inhlabathi noma zifafazwe ngezohlaza eziluhlaza.
Ukolweni obusika ukhule endaweni yesimo sezulu esipholile. Kuyisilimo esivuna kakhulu okusobala okusanhlamvu nezinhlanga zazo embonini yokudla nakwezolimo. Kodwa-ke, isivuno ngeke sibe phezulu uma ungalandeli yonke imithetho yokutshala ukolweni. Izokhula kahle ezinhlotsheni ezithile zenhlabathi ngombuso okhethekile womanyolo nokunisela.
