Phakathi kwemivini yangaphakathi ethandwa kakhulu, isivini asivamile. Kepha wonke umuntu onquma ukuletha le nsimu emangalisayo nesitshalo esingaphakathi ekhaya, angayibizi ngokuthi umvini omangalisayo. Umnikazi wesivini wayebonakala ehlanganisa zonke izinzuzo zabakhuphuki bangaphakathi endlini, engeza imininingwane emibalabala kubo. Amahlamvu aqoshwe ngokunethezeka, abonakala engenasisindo, awazitholi nje kuphela ngesimo, kepha nangombala ogqamile. Umbala obomvu onsomi weziqu, izintuthwane nokusikwa kwamaqabunga kubukeka kungalindelekile, njengamajikijolo anemibala yalesi siphulu esimangalisayo sendlu. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye, isivini naso singenye yemivini elalela kakhulu, ongeke nje wakhe kuphela ama-ampelular obukekayo, kodwa futhi uluhlaza izisekeli, izindonga, futhi usisebenzise njengendawo yokudonsela amanzi endaweni yonke. Ukungathobeki kufakwa futhi ekuhlobiseni okuhle kwesitshalo: ngaphezu kokukhanya okwanele, isivini sekamelo asizenzi ezinye izimfuno ngokwaso.
Isivini (Ampelopsis). © UJoseph DespinsUmsebenzi wasengadini ongaphakathi
Phakathi kwabamele abomndeni wakwaVinogradov kunezitshalo eziningi ezihlanganisa ngempumelelo imisebenzi yokulima nengaphakathi endlini. Kepha noma kuphambene nesizinda sabo, isivini, noma ama-ampelopsis ngokwesayensi, sikufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile. Eyaziwa ezweni lethu njengezitshalo ze- "porcelain amajikijolo" eNtshonalanga ibizwa nge- BlueBerry Vine noma iPorcelain Berry. Leli siko, elisetshenziswa ngokuqinile ekubumbeni izwe eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu futhi elikwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingadi ezifundeni ezinobusika obuthambile, laziwa ezweni lethu kuphela emasikweni wasendlini noma aboshwe. Esimweni esihle kakhulu, izivini zihlobisa izingadi zasehlobo, ziphinde zizibuyisele egumbini lokuphumula isikhathi sokuphumula. Futhi ama-ampelopsis awakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ithandwa kakhulu ngesitshalo. Kepha ifanelwe inhlonipho eyengeziwe. Leli siko lilula kakhulu ukukhula, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, likuvumela nokuthi ushintshe ukwakheka kanye nama-contours, futhi uvumelane kalula nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa. Ngenxa yokwakheka nokuncipha, ukukhula kumakhompiyutha futhi ngaphandle kwazo, ama-ampelopsis angakhula ehlathini elihlangene, futhi hhayi kuphela ngesimo sama-ampel aminyene aminyene noma i-wall draperies. Futhi ebuhleni be-lacy greenery akukho enye imvini yekamelo engancintisana nayo.
Isivini esinezimbali ezimfushane (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata), namuhla abathengisi bezimoto baphinde banekhwalifikheythi futhi Isivini glandular (Ampelopsis glandulosa), sithengisa ngaphansi kwegama elidala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi - futhi kanjani Ama-ampelopsis Ussuri. Lesi sitshalo esivame kakhulu phakathi kwezivini, umvini oguquguqukayo kakhulu onamaqabunga obomvu onsomi ufinyelela ku-2-3 m ubude, mncane kakhulu kangangokuba kubonakala kumangalisa ukuthi ngobude obungaka bangamelana kanjani nobuningi bamaqabunga ahlelwe kakhulu. Ngokungafani namagilebhisi angempela, ama-ampelopsis akhiqizwa yizintuthwane ezingafakwanga izinkomishi zokubamba, futhi zidinga usizo ukuze zilulime kunoma yikuphi ukuxhaswa. Ephelele, enezigaba ezinhlanu, ezisikwe ngokujulile, efana ne-hybrid yama-ivy namaqabunga amagilebhisi anama-clove amakhulu amahle eceleni komphetho abukeka emnene futhi ehlukahlukene. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, amaqabunga ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kakhulu nobukhulu ahlanganiswa. Kepha ingxenye ekhangayo kakhulu yama-ampelopsis ngombala. Amabala amhlophe, apinki noma abomvu ngokubomvu avela ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimnyama, umbala othulisiwe wepuleti leqabunga. Ngenxa yokungahambi kahle kwephethini elinemibala, kubukeka sengathi upende lufafazwe kwamanye amaqabunga esitshalo ngebrashi. Blooms izihloko ezingacabangi futhi ezicishe zifane. Ukufakwa izithelo kwama-apelopsis angaphakathi, ngokungafani nensimu, akulula ukulinda, ngoba kukhiqiza amajikijolo amahle lapho esemdala kakhulu. Kepha umbono ukufanele. Izithelo, noma zingenakufinyeleleka, zibonakala zibukeka kahle njengamabhola ayindilinga, njengokungathi abunjiwe kusuka kukadumba. Ukuvuthwa okungavunyelwe kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi lesi sitshalo ngasikhathi sinye sinezithelo ezinombala ohluke ngokuphelele kusuka ku-azure egcwele kuze kube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, opinki, omhlophe, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, owokuphela konyaka nowe-violet. Futhi amachashazi amancane agcizelela imibala engeyona ejwayelekile. Kunzima ngisho nakuma-bolo soloists aqashelwa ngaphakathi ukuncintisana ngamajikijolo amahle futhi amahle ngama-ampelopsis.
Ngaphezu kwesithombo sesisekelo, ijamo lithandwa kakhulu I-Maksimovich (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. i-maximowiczii) enamaqabunga alula ahlukaniswe ngokuqinile kumakhasi ayi-5 nomphetho ongalingani. IVineyard Maximovich ikhiqiza amaqabunga amancane, ahlala ewa ekwindla. Iphethini emaqabungeni ayimhlophe-luhlaza, kodwa ipinki-imhlophe-luhlaza, okusikhumbuza imithambo yemabula. Ama-Elegans ahlukahlukene (izifanekisizinda - iTricolor, i-Variegata) athengiswa kaningi kakhulu - i-lace ne-compact, enamahlumela afinyelela kuma-2 m ubude ama-ampelopsis anendawo ebonakalayo ekhanyayo, amanye amaqabunga awo abonakala emhlophe.
IVineyard Japanese (Ampelopsis japonica). © Raffi KojianKuyinto evame kakhulu kumaqoqo angaphakathi Isivini saseJapan (Ampelopsis japonica) isitshalo esihle kakhulu esinamaqabunga amathathu- noma ayisihlanu ahlukanisiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, obonakala elula kunezivini zakudala. Kepha ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi ungomunye wemivini yasendlini engaphakathi kakhulu.
Nakekela isivini ekhaya
Ukulima isivini kuyinqubo elula. Uzodinga ukunakwa, ikakhulukazi, ukuchelela njalo ngaphandle kokweqisa. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-ampelopsis awakwazi ukubonwa njengamasiko angenasisekelo. Ukunakekelwa okusebenzayo phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula nokunakekelwa okunesizotha ngokwengeziwe ebusika kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlobise ingaphakathi ngamaqabunga akhephukile alesi siko. Lesi sitshalo sobusika obumnandi futhi sothando obekezelela ukuthena futhi siphendule ngokubonga ekunakekelweni okuncane.
Isibani se-Ampelopsis
I-Ampelopsis ifakwe kahle njengemivini enezithombe. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukukhanyiswa okuhle futhi sizizwa sikhululekile kuwo wonke amafasitela asempumalanga noma asentshonalanga, futhi endaweni ekhanyayo ngokukhanya okungadideki. Isivini kufanele sivikeleke elangeni eliqondile kuphela ehlobo, futhi ngapho-ke sesaba ilanga lasemini impela. Lesi sitshalo siphendula kahle ekushintshashintsheni kokukhanyisa futhi asikuthandi ukukhanyiswa okuningana. I-Ampelopsis iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nomthunzi oyingxenye, uma ukujwayela ukukhanyisa okungekuhle kancane kancane, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo ingashintsha umbala wamaqabunga ayo bese welula okuncane.
Isivini (Ampelopsis). © Hiromi SatoUkushisa okunethezekayo
Isisekelo sempumelelo ekutshalweni kwama-ampelopsis ikakhulukazi kucatshangelwa ukuqinisekisa ubusika obupholile. Isitshalo kufanele sipholile ngesikhathi sesigaba esomile ngemuva kokuphonsa amaqabunga. Imodi enhle yokuboshwa isikhathi sokuphumula ingukushisa kwamazinga ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12. Kepha ama-ampelopsis amadala eba, lapho eguquguquka kangcono ebusika obufudumele. Ngokunakekela ngokucophelela nokukhanyisa okwandayo ebusika, kungabusika ebangeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-18 degrees Celsius, ululame kahle futhi uzokujabulisa ngemifino emihle ngokulinganayo. Amanani avumelekile aphansi acishe abe yi-5 degrees heat.
Kuwo wonke unyaka, isivini sizizwa simnandi kakhulu ebangeni elijwayelekile "lokushisa" lekamelo futhi sikhula kahle ngisho nasekushiseni. Kuyiqiniso, uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lidlula ama-25 degrees, ama-ampelopsis andisa isidingo somoya omusha nesifutho.
Ehlobo, isivini asikwazi nje ukuthi sithathwe singene emoyeni omusha, sibekwe kumakhalkoni nasemathafeni futhi ngisho nasengadini, kodwa futhi sitshalwe endaweni evulekile, sembiwe emhlabathini. Isivini sithanda kakhulu i-airing ejwayelekile, sikhula kahle emakamelweni anamafasitela avulekile nezicabha, asesabi nakuphi okusalungiswa.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo, ama-ampelopsis adinga ukunisela okwanele. Lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli isomiso noma ukufaka amanzi, futhi ngesidingo sokuhlinzeka indawo ezinzile kakhulu. Ngisho nesomiso esifushane singadala ukuthi isivini siyeke wonke amahlamvu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuNovemba, ama-ampelopsis aniselwa ngenkuthalo, kaningi futhi ngobuningi, ngokushesha ngemuva kwesentimitha ephezulu yesigcawu esisemabhodweni oma ngaphandle (kodwa aqinisekise ukuthi umswakama awukona ngokweqile). Ebusika, konke kuncike emazingeni okushisa. Ngobusika obupholile, bugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile, zinikeza ukuthambisa okukhanyayo, okune-sparse, ukugcina umswakama omncane womhlabathi. Ngobusika obufudumele, umswakama uncishiswa ngesigamu uqhathaniswa nehlobo. Ukushintshela esigabeni sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo, ukubonakala kwezimpawu zokuqala zokukhula kusebenza njengophawu lokuthi ukuthambisa kufanele kwenziwe kube kuningi. Akudingekile ukwelula ushintsho kusuka ebusika obunqabile kuya kokunisela okuningi ehlobo. Imvamisa efanele yezinqubo zesivini icishe ibe njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2 ehlobo futhi kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ebusika. I-Ampelopsis ihlala ithanda ukuthambisa okungandile kepha okuningi.
Umswakama wama-ampelopsis egumbini aludingi ukwandiswa. Okuhlukile yizikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sikuso amazinga okushisa komoya ngokweqile kwamabanga afanele. Isimo sezulu esishisayo, ama-ampelopsis kufanele afafazwe okungenani izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesonto ukunxephezela izimo ezishisayo. Futhi ehlobo, ukufafaza kungenziwa ngokuphelele nsuku zonke. Ngendlela efanayo, umoya oshisayo ovela ezinhlelweni zokushisa nawo unxephezelwe.
Isivini esinezimbali esifushane (i-Ampelopsis brevipedunculata). © Caitlin W.Ukugqoka kwe-Ampelopsis
I-liana ekhula ngentshiseko idinga ukuvunwa kaningi, okwenziwa kahle kanye njalo emavikini ayi-2-3. Esivinini, noma yimuphi umanyolo wendawo yonke wezitshalo zasendlini noma izingxube zomanyolo ezikhethekile zezitshalo zokuhlobisa nezithambisayo kufanelekile, ngenxa yalokho iphethini enemibala yamaqabunga iyagqama. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwalesi sitshalo kwenziwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba.
Izihlahla ze-Ampelopsis
I-Ampelopsis ayesabi noma yikuphi ukwakheka futhi ibekezelela ukuthenwa kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyisihluthulelo sokuphila isikhathi eside kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla esiminyene nesixegayo. Lapho ziba namandla okuthenwa, kuba ngcono amagatsha amahlumela bese kuba mkhulu lo mvini ukhula. Ubungako besitshalo ngenxa yokwenza izihlahla bungabanjiswa kumafomu ahlanganiswe kakhulu wokubumbeka.
Ama-Ampelopsis kufanele aboshwe ngokusekelwa, aqondiswe: ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinkomishi zokuthambisa ku-antennae, ayikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokuzimela. Ikhula kahle kumasisekelo ama-curly, nakulezitebhisi, naku-trellises, nakuma-ampel noma amakhascade.
Ukuze isitshalo silondoloze umbala we-motley, kungcono ukususa njalo amahlumela ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Uma ubashiya esitshalweni, khona-ke inani lamagatsha alula lizohlala likhula.
Transplant, iziqukathi kanye substrate
Isendlalelo sezivini sikhethwe ngokucophelela. Leli siko likhetha ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, okunempilo nenhlaka ye-clayey nge-alkaline reaction. Nge-ampelopsis, ingxube yomhlaba enomhlabathi we-humus, isihlabathi kanye nezingxenyana ezimbili zezinto zomhlaba zesod neqabunga kufanelekile.
Lapho ukhetha iziqukathi zokutshala isivini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zihamba kahle kakhulu ezitsheni ubude bazo obudlula obukhulu. Unesistimu yezimpande enamandla, ejulile futhi engahlali kahle ezimbizeni ezibanzi.
Imvamisa efanelekile yokufakelwa minyaka yonke kubantu abasha kanye kanye ngeminyaka emi-3 yama-ampelopsis anamandla. Izivini ziyatshalwa ngokushesha lapho kuvela izibonakaliso zokuqala zokuqala zokukhula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze lesi sitshalo, kuthuthukiswa ukwenza ukufakelwa okudala, kanye nokudluliselwa. Ezansi walala amanzi amaphakathi.
Isivini esinezimbali esifushane (i-Ampelopsis brevipedunculata). © Ryan SommaIzifo nezinambuzane
I-Ampelopsis esefomini lamakamelo ngokuvamile ihlushwa ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies kanye nezinambuzane ezikalwa ngazo. Kulezi zifo emvinini, iFusarium, ukugqwala kanye nokubola okungwevu kuvamile. Kepha imvamisa izinkinga ngezivini zivela kuphela ngokuphulwa okukhulu kokunakekelwa, ikakhulukazi, ngokunisela okungafanele. Kungcono ukubhekana nezinkinga ngokushesha nokusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides kanye nama-fungicides. Izingxenye ezilimele zamahlumela zisikwa kakhulu. I-Ampelopsis ivuselelwa kahle kakhulu ngemuva kokuthena izihlahla futhi izolulama ngokushesha uma ukuqubuka kukhawulelwe ngesikhathi.
Ukusakazwa kwesiviniyard
Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zesivini ukukwazi ukuthola izitshalo ezintsha kalula. Leli siko lisakazwa kangcono ngokusikwa. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nehlobo, amahlumela amancane angenziwa ukusikwa kwama-cutic apical, athatha izimpande esihlabathini esimanzi, hhayi kuphela emhlabathini ngaphansi kwehod. Isimo kuphela izinga lokushisa lomoya elingaba ngu-20 degrees Celsius. Ukuqunjelwa ngesisusa sokukhula kwandisa ukubekelwa phansi kwe-100%.
Ungathola ama-ampelopsis amasha futhi kusuka ku-layering. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kwanele ukusonga ihlumela ngaphakathi kuma-internode nge-moss emanzi noma i-substrate, siyilungise nge-foil noma ngefilimu futhi, njalo sikanyiswe, linda kuze kube yilapho izimpande zikhishwa.
Indlela yokusabalalisa imbewu ilungele kuphela ama-ampelopsis anombala oluhlaza olufana. Imbewu idinga ukuhlukaniswa izinyanga ezimbili ekushiseni kwama-0 kuya ku-2 degrees. Zikhula ngokushesha, inqobo nje uma indawo efudumele, enomswakama kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo kwakhiwe kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesakhi somzimba ngaphansi kwengilazi noma ifilimu.
