Ngaphansi kombhede wensimu

Ngemuva kokutshala ingadi futhi ibona indawo engenalutho phakathi kwezihlahla ezincane, umnini-ndawo uqala ngokushesha ukuhlala kuyo ngezitshalo ezithile azidingayo. Futhi wenza okulungile, ngendlela enjengebhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi akazi ukuthi iziphi izitshalo ezingatshalwa ngaphansi kombhede wezihlahla, futhi ezingekho, ukuthi isondele kangakanani esihlahleni kufanele ibekwe, futhi ukunakekelwa kwalawa “makhaza” engadini ngeke kulimaze kangakanani izilimo zezithelo. Ake sibheke izinketho zokuhlelela imibuthano eseduze-ne-trunk nokuhlukaniswa komugqa.

Ungayigcina kanjani imibuthano

Eminyakeni yokuqala engama-2-3 yokukhula kwezihlahla ezincane, kuhlelwa imibuthano esondelene nesiqu esiyi-1.5-2 m.Ngonyaka we-6-7, anwetshelwa kububanzi bamamitha ama-3. Uma eneminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengu-12 ubudala, uhlelo lwezimpande lwezihlahla luthatha ngokuphelele indawo ebekelwe yona. Lapho ubeka izihlahla zilandelana ebangeni elifushane ukusuka komunye komunye, esikhundleni sesihlahla sesiqu, isiqaqa sesiqu, esishiyelwa ngendlela efanayo nombuthano wesiqu. Inhlabathi yeziqu nemivimbo ingagcinwa ngaphansi komusi omnyama, imbozwe ngohlobo oluthile lwezinto zokufakwa mulching, noma ezitshalwe ngezitshalo zokumboza komhlaba, futhi zingasetshenziswa njengesici sokuhlobisa ukwakhiwa kwesiza.

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Isifutho esimnyama

Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, indawo engabanjwanga yombuthano wesithungi iyakhululwa njalo, ichithe ukhula futhi igcine umswakama. Uma inani elanele lezulu liwela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, inhlabathi idedelwa izikhathi ezingama-3-4 phakathi nehlobo, uma kunemvula encane - izikhathi ezi-5-6. Inhlabathi esindayo itshalwa kaningi kunenhlabathi ekhanyayo. Ngemuva kwemvula nokunisela ngezikhathi ezomile, inhlabathi nayo iyathukululwa. Ekwindla bayibumba: eduze kwesiqu kuya ekujuleni kuka-5-8 cm, ngokuqhubekayo kusuka kuyo - cm 12-15. Ukumba ngaphansi kwezivuno zezithelo nezitshe nezihlahla ezitokisini ze-clonal kwenziwa ngo-3-4 cm omncane. Uma inhlabathi isomile ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ukumba kuhlehliswa kuze kube usuku olwedlule noma entwasahlobo. Kumhlabathi onesihlabathi nesihlabathi esimanzi, ungathathelwa indawo ngokuswayela okujulile. I-Loam igaywa kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3, futhi inhlabathi isinda ngokwakhiwa komshini ngonyaka.

Ukufakelwa iziqu zemithi nemivimbo kungenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokugcina inhlabathi engadini. I-Mulch inciphisa ukuhwamuka komswakama, ivikele izimpande zezitshalo ekuqandeni ebusika, isiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ivimbela ukwakheka kokuqhekeka kwenhlabathi, inciphisa ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa lansuku zonke, ivimbela ukuhluma kokukhula, ithuthukise izinqubo ze-micobiological enhlabathini, futhi ithuthukise nokudla kwezitshalo. Mulch noma yimuphi umhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuthi uswakanyiswe ngokweqile. I-mulching isebenza kakhulu kunhlabathi ekhanyayo - nenhlabathi enesihlabathi nesihlabathi, futhi ezindaweni ezinomswakama onganele. Ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla sezithelo, umbuthano wesiqu ufakwe endaweni engamamitha ayi-4-7 m ungqimba olungamasentimitha angama-4-5. Njengezinto zokuhlanganisa, imvuthuluka ye-peat, utshani obolile, umdweshu, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo, izinsalela zezitshalo, izinaliti, umhlanga, amaqabunga awileyo, iphepha elikhethekile liyasetshenziswa. polymer nezinye izinto zokwakha. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, sekuvele semboza nge-mulch entsha - i-pine nutshell. Ukuhlobisa kakhulu futhi kungasebenza ngaphezu konyaka. Ifilimu le-polyvinyl chloride emnyama nayo isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izimbali. Imbozwe ngesiyingi sesiqu endaweni engaba amamitha ayi-1-1.5. Imiphetho yefilimu ibekwa ezitolo ezingama-cm ayi-10-16 cm futhi embozwe inhlabathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, asikho isidingo sokhula, umswakama ugcinwe kahle ngaphansi kwefilimu. Izinto zokufakelwa ezingezona izinto zokwenziwa ezimnyama ezingezenziwe (iLutrasil 60 UV, iAgril, iSpanbond, njll.) Nazo ziyathengiswa. Zona, lapho ziluthana, zenza imisebenzi efanayo nefilimu, kepha zinenzuzo: zidlula amanzi nomoya.

Umbuthano wesigaxa - umhlobiso wengadi

Umbuthano wesiqu ungaba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu uma ungaguqula ingadi yezimbali encane. Isimo esidingekayo - umuthi kufanele ube nesisindo esiphakeme ngokwanele (65-70 cm) namagatsha akhuliswe ngenhla komhlabathi. Izimbali, ezikhethiwe, eziphansi, ezinomthunzi omnandi futhi ezinohlelo olungashayi phansi ziyathandwa. Ungatshala nezitshalo eziqhakaza kakhulu eziqhakaza izimbali (ama-snowdrops, ama-muscari, ama-hyacinths, ama-tulips, njll.), Noma ungamisa ingadi enamadwala amancane.

Ungawagcina kanjani ama-aisles

Izilimo ezilandelanayo. Ezivandeni ezincane, izihlahla azisebenzisi ngokugcwele indawo enempilo eyabelwe zona, ngakho-ke izisekelo zisetshenziswa ngabantu abasebenza ngonyaka. Engadini yama-amateur, izilimo ezihambelana phakathi zilandelwa kakhulu - imifino: izaqathe, isithombo, itafula, amaradishi, rutabaga, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi, ulethisi, isipinashi, uphizi, ubhontshisi, i-zucchini, amazambane nezimbali. Izitshalo ezine-stem ephezulu (i-sunflower, ummbila, ugwayi, njll.) Azifaneleki ngokukhula, ngoba zingafihla izihlahla ezincane, kanye nama-beet kanye noshukela izitshalo.

Emapulazini akhula emide aphula nezithelo zamaparele, izilimo ezihambelana phakathi zingatshalwa zize zifike eminyakeni eyi-6- 6, ezivandeni zezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nezinamaqabunga amancane, lapho izikhala ezinqenqemeni zomugqa, isikhathi sokukhula kwezilimo eziphakathi komugqa sincishiselwa eminyakeni emi-3-4, kuthi esivinini esijwayelekile sishiywe mahhala. Kunoma ikuphi, umuntu akufanele atshale izitshalo ezilandelana phakathi kweziqu nemivimbo. Iphutha elijwayelekile: abanye abantu abathanda kakhulu bayimilutha kangangokuba batshala ama-sitrobheli noma imifino khona kanye esihlahleni somuthi. Uma ingadi ingeqi ngeminyaka emithathu ubudala, izilimo ezihambelana phakathi zibekwa ebangeni eli-0.5-1 m ukusuka esiqwini, uma ingadi ineminyaka engu-4-8 ubudala - ebangeni eliyi-1.5-2 m.

I-Aisle - umusi omnyama

Engadini ethela izithelo, lapho imiqhele ivale khona, inhlabathi ivame ukutholakala ngaphansi komusi omnyama, igcina ungqimba lwayo olungaphezulu lube sesimweni esihlelekile futhi sokhula. Kepha ngokuqukethwe kwenhlabathi isikhathi eside ngaphansi komusi omnyama, ukwakheka kwawo kuyawohloka, ukuzala kuyancipha, futhi ukuguguleka emithambekeni kuyanda.

Isifutho esimnyama - amashukela

Emasimini endawo ephakathi, uhlelo olusebenzisa umusi lusetshenziswa kabanzi, lapho, ukucebisa inhlabathi ngezakhi kanye nokwenza ngcono izindawo zayo ze-physicochemical, izilimo zomquba eziluhlaza zihlwanyelwa kumanyolo oluhlaza, zihlanganiswe nokuqukethwe kwenhlabathi ngaphansi komusi omnyama. ISiderata ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni - ekuqaleni kukaJulayi ngesilinganiso sembewu ye (g / m2): lupine 18-22, nokunye okufana nokolweni 8-10, peas 15-18, phacelia 1.5, lwesinaphi 2, vetch oat ingxube 16 (vetch 10, i-oats 6), ingxube ye-pea-oat 18 (peas 12, oats 6), lupine nge-phacelia 11 (lupine 10, phacelia 1), rapedised 0.6-1. Izilimo ezi-Sideral ziyagawulwa futhi zitshale ekwindla esigabeni sezimbali. Cishe ama-3 kg wesisindo esitshaliwe nge-1 m2 yesilimo silingana nokwenza i-1 - 1.5 kg yomquba.

Ukutshala izilimo zomquba oluhlaza kuphumelela kakhulu ehlobo elinemvula, lapho komile kungcono ukungakufezekisi. Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu utholakala lapho ama-legumes (lupins, phacelia, vetch, peas) asetshenziswa njengama-siderates, ngoba athulisa inhlabathi nge-nitrogen. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi nobumba olunesihlabathi, ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-lupine kunikeza imiphumela emihle, naphezu kwenhlabathi esindayo - lwesinaphi noma phacelia. Iziqu zezitshalo ezigxunyekwe enhlabathini entwasahlobo zibola ngokunamandla, zikhulisa okuqukethwe kwezakhi zomzimba kuzo ngokunembile ngaleso sikhathi lapho zidingeka kakhulu ngezihlahla zezithelo.

Ukuqalwa kwamasiko

Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ngokweqile, ezivandeni eziniselwe, kanye nasemithambekeni nasemithanjeni, kungcono ukugcina inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesod yesiko. Kulokhu, ukufafazwa komugqa kuhlwanyelwa ngotshani obungapheli, obuvame ukugawulwa, bese utshani obugqitshiwe bushiywe endaweni noma bukhiwe emapheshana asondelene nesiqu (ngokungafani nethala lokuhlobisa, lapho utshani buthwale ngaphandle). Ehlobo, ukucheba kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-5-8. Isigaxa esigayiwe kancane kancane siyabola futhi sicebise inhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo, okwenza sikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokufakwa komanyolo we-organic, sithuthukisa ukwakheka komhlaba kanye nokwanda kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Isethi enhle kakhulu yamakhambi wesodding yesikhathi eside ingxube yotshani ye-meadow fescue (60%) ne-meadow bluegrass (40%). Izinga lokuhlwanyelwa yi-4-4,5 t / m2.

Ukucheba. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abalimi abaningi bama-amateur basebenzisa izembozo ezingaphansi ezikhula ngokwendalo ezingadingi uklinywa kwengadi. Ezisakazeke kabanzi yiPolevosnaya ne-periwinkle. I-Polevosnaya shoot - isitshalo sokudla okusanhlamvu okuvela esikhathini esizayo sitholakala yonke indawo engxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe. Amahlumela asakazeka emhlabathini futhi athathe izimpande, ukuphakama kwesitezi sotshani kungu-10-12 cm. Izimpande ezimfishane zitholakala ungqimba lomhlabathi olungama-cm cm. I-polevole isakazeka ngembewu, ama-rhizomes, ukusika okuluhlaza, amahlumela emhlabeni. I-Periwinkle isitshalo esingapheli, esidlangilele esimweni sebhendi ephakathi. Lesi isihlahla esingenasisekelo sangaphansi. Ingxenye ye-aerial kanye nohlelo lwezimpande lincane. I-Periwinkle izalela kahle ezingxenyeni zamahlumela anezimpande futhi lapho kuphela unyaka wesibili wokukhula iba ukhaphethi omnyama weziqu namaqabunga, icindezela ukhula, ivikela izimpande zezihlahla ekuqandeni futhi zivimbele ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi ezivandeni ezivulekile.

Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:

• L. Yurina, Ozothatha izintambo zeSayensi Yezolimo, eMoscow