Moroznik

I-herbaceous perennial hellebore (Helleborus) ihlobene ngqo nomndeni we-ranunculaceae. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-14-22. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izitshalo ezinjalo zingatholakala ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wezintaba zaseYurophu (ngokwesibonelo, eMedithera), nase-Asia Minor. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala eNhlonhlo yeBalkan. EJalimane, isipho sikaKhisimusi sendabuko siyi-hellebore ebunjiwe. Kunenganekwane ethi le ndawo encane yacasuka kakhulu lapho engenalutho olwaluzokwethula kuJesu ozelwe njengesipho, waqala wakhala, kwathi lapho izinyembezi zakhe zawa, izimbali ezinhle zakhula, umfana wabaqoqa wabethula kuKristu. Emazweni aseYurophu, isitshalo esinjalo sibizwa nge- "rose of Christ", kanti eRussia "i- hut hut", iqiniso liwukuthi kwesinye isikhathi i-hellebore iqala ukuqhakaza ngoJanuwari noma ngoNovemba.

Izici ze-Hellebore

Ukuphakama kwe-hellebore kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kwangama-0.5. Inzondo emfishane emincane futhi isiqu esilula esibuthakathaka. Amapuleti wesikhumba we-basal leaf ane-petioles ende. Zenziwe ngezinyawo noma ngesundu. Izimbali ezinjengendebe zinomugqa omude, ziyaqhakaza phezulu kwesiqu. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala kusukela ekupheleni kwesikhathi sobusika kuya ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni. Ukwahlukaniswa kwesinye isikhathi kuvame ukudidaniswa ne-petals yezimbali. Eqinisweni, ama-petals aguqulwa aba mfundisi. Izimbali zingapendwe ngemibala ehlukene yabamhlophe, ngophuzi okhanyayo, onsomi, opinki, onsomi no-ink, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zemisindo. Izimbali ngokwazo zi-terry futhi zilula. Abalimi abaningi bayasithanda lesi sitshalo ngoba siqhakaza kusesekuqaleni, kodwa sihle kakhulu lapho kuvela izimbali ezinhle engadini emva kobusika obuthambile. Kepha lokhu akuyona inzuzo yakhe kuphela, futhi inokumelana okukhulu nesithwathwa nesomiso. Kodwa-ke, lapho uhlela ukutshala i-hellebore, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi yisitshalo esinobuthi, njengawo wonke amanye ama-buttercups.

Ukutshala i-hellebore emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokutshala

Ngaphandle kokufakelwa endaweni efanayo, imbali enjalo ingatshalwa iminyaka eyi-10. Lapho ukhetha isiza sokutshala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-hellebore isabela kabi kakhulu ekufakweni. Kulokhu, ukukhethwa kwendawo efanelekile kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. Ukuze ukhule le mbali, kungcono ukhethe umhlabathi wobumba oxegayo, omanzi, ongathathi hlangothi, okufanele ukhishwe kahle. Indawo kufanele ibethelwe futhi ilunge uma itholakala phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ukufeza ukuhlobisa okuphezulu kusuka kwimbali enjalo, kunconywa ukuyitshala ngamaqembu amancane. IHellebore kufanele itshalwe ngo-Ephreli noma ngoSepthemba.

Ungatshala kanjani

Ubukhulu bemigodi yokubamba kufanele bube ngamasentimitha angama-30x30x30, kuyilapho ibanga elingamamitha angama-0.3 kufanele libonwe phakathi kwezihlahla. Ingxenye ½ kufanele igcwaliswe ngomquba. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-rhizome ye-hellebore ifakwa emgodini futhi kancane kancane imbozwe ngenhlabathi, ehlanganiswe kahle. Izimbali ezitshaliwe kumele ziniselwe. Amabhasi atshaliwe kudingeka aniselwe kakhulu futhi kuvame kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-20 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hellebore

Ukunakekela imbali enjalo kulula. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwe-hellebore entwasahlobo, wonke amapuleti amadala amaqabunga kufanele asuswe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze lesi sitshalo singangenwa amagciwane okubanga isikhunta. Amacembe asemancane akhula ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sesiphelile ukuqhakaza. Ngemuva kokuba izimbali ziphele, uzodinga ukufafaza inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo nge-mulch (umquba noma umbobo obolile). Uma isimo sezulu sishisa, khona-ke i-hellebore kumele iniselwe ngokwejwayelekile, futhi ukhula kumele lususwe ngendlela efanele futhi indawo yomhlabathi idedelwe. Futhi idinga ukondliwa amahlandla ama-2 ngesizini ngalinye ngomanyolo wamaminerali nokudla kwamathambo.

Ukuzalela iHellebore

Imvamisa lezi zimbali zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kodwa futhi zingasakazwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokusungula imifino. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwezithombo kwenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba imbewu evuthiwe iqoqwe. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa umhlabathi oswakeme, oswakeme, omanzi, futhi imbewu kufanele ingcwatshwe cishe amasentimitha ayisigamu nesigamu. Amahlumela okuqala abonakala ngoMashi ngonyaka olandelayo. Izithombo esezikhulile ngemuva kokuvela kokubhangqa kwamaqabunga ama-1 noma ama-2 kufanele zingene kwi-flowerbed (kufanele itholakale emthunzini). Lapho, ama-hellebores azokhula iminyaka emi-2 noma emi-3. Ukudlulisela izithombo eziqinile endaweni egcwele kungenziwa ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Ephreli, kanti umlimi uzobona ukuqala kokuqhakaza kuphela kweminyaka emithathu kamuva, ngemuva kokuba isitshalo sibuyiselwe ngokuphelele emva kokufakelwa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-stinky hellebore izala kahle ngokuzitshala.

Lesi sitshalo sibuye sisatshalaliswe ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Entwasahlobo, lapho ukuqhakaza kuqeda, lawo makhasi aneminyaka engu-5 ubudala kufanele asuswe emhlabathini. I-rhizome kufanele ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela izingxenye eziningana, khona-ke izindawo zezinhlamvu zifafazwa ngamalahle achotshoziwe, bese i-Delenki itshalwe emigodini ebilungiselelwe ngaphambili. Entwasahlobo, i-hellebore emnyama isatshalaliswa ngale ndlela, futhi kunconyelwa ukuthi kukhethwe isikhathi sekwindla sokwehlukanisa izihlahla zasempumalanga ze-hellebore.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Amaqabunga e-Hellebore angaheha ama-gastropod anjengeminenke kanye nama-slugs, kanye namagundane, ama-aphid kanye nama-hop hopers. Ukubulala amagundane, kusetshenziswa izithiyo zetyhefu, okufanele zibekwe kulezo zindawo lapho lezi zinti zabonwa khona. Ama-slugs kanye neminenke kuyasulwa kusuka emahlathini ngezandla, futhi ama-insecticides asetshenziselwa ukubulala izinambuzane, ngokwesibonelo, i-Actellik ingasusa izibungu, kanti iBiotlin noma i-Antitlin ingabulala ama-aphid.

IHellebore ivame ukuthinteka yi-anthracnose, i-Downy mildew kanye ne-ring blotch. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-aphid ingumlingisi wokubona; kulokhu, izindlela zokulwa nalesi sinambuzane kufanele zithathwe ngesikhathi. Izingxenye ezinegciwane esihlahleni ziyasikwa futhi zichithwe, bese isitshalo nomhlabathi ozungezile ziphathwa nge-fung fung. Uma amabala ansundu amnyama ngephethini le-annular engabonakali ebonakalayo emapuletini amaqabunga, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi i-hellebore iyathinteka yi-anthracnose. Amacembe athelelekile kufanele asikwe futhi ashiswe, ngenkathi isihlahla siphathwa nge-ejenti efaka nethusi. Uma amabala amaqabunga amasha engakhuli esihlahleni, futhi lawo asevele akhula ekulimaleni, amabala amnyama avela ngaphambili kanye ne-grey plaque engaphansi kwangaphandle, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthinteka yi-Downy hlobo. Izingxenye ezithelelekile zalesi sitshalo kufanele zisikwe, ngenkathi isihlahla nangaphezulu kwendawo kuzodingeka kufafazwe nge-oxychloride noma ngePervicure.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi i-hellebore imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane eziyingozi, futhi izinkinga nayo iqala ngemuva kokwephulwa kwemithetho yokutshala noma yokunakekela, ngokwesibonelo, isitshalo esitshalwe emhlabathini onesilinganiso esinamandla kakhulu. Ukuze uthole i-acidity yenhlabathi, ungafeza isivivinyo esilandelayo, ngoba lokhu udinga ukuthatha isipuni esincane somhlaba, usithulule engilazini, okufanele ibe ngaphezulu kombala omnyama, bese umhlabathi uswakanyiswe kancane ngeviniga yetafula. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuhlola umphumela:

• inani elikhulu lamagwebu lisikisela ukuthi umhlaba une-alkali;
• Foam eliphakathi lisho ukuthi inhlabathi ayithathi hlangothi;
• ukungabi khona kwegwebu kukhombisa ukuthi inhlabathi ine-acidic.

Ukuze ulungise inhlabathi ye-acid, kunconywa ukufaka umlotha wokhuni, i-fluff lime noma ufulawa we-dolomite kuyo.

IHellebore ngemuva kwezimbali

Ukuqoqwa kwembewu

Ukuvuthwa kwembewu kuqala ngoJuni futhi kungahlala ihlobo lonke. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi, ibhokisi lingaqhuma kungazelelwe, bese imbewu ithulula endaweni. Ukuze uvikele lokhu, izingcezu ezimbalwa zamabhokisi angavulekile kufanele zigqoke ngezikhwama ze-gauze. Ngemuva kwalokho kusalokhu kulindwe kuphela kuze kufike imbewu evuthiwe ithulule kulokhu kuzinikela. Ngemuva kwalokho bazodinga ukuthi bomiswe ngokubeka lokhu egumbini elomile, elinomoya omuhle. Ngemuva kokuthi zifakwe esikhwameni sephepha. Kepha akutuswa ukugcina imbewu enjalo, ngoba ngokushesha ilahlekelwa amandla okuzala, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyitshala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqoqa.

Ubusika

Kwakukhulunyiwe ngenhla ukuthi lokhu kwaphakade kumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ebandayo ebandayo, ebusika obunamaqhwa ebusika, ingakhipha iqhwa, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka ubusika, kungcono ukumboza i-hellebore ngamaqabunga e-spruce ajwayelekile omisiwe.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hellebore ngezithombe namagama

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-hellebore.

I-Black hellebore (Helleborus niger)

Lenhlobo ingenye enhle kakhulu futhi ibanzi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, iHellebore enjalo ingatholakala emahlathini asezintabeni ukusuka eYugoslavia kuye eningizimu yeJalimane. Isitshalo esinjalo esihlala sihlala njalo singafinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0.3. Ububanzi bezimbali zayo ezinkulu ezibheke phezulu bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-8. Izimbali zitholakala kuma-peduncle amade, ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,3 kuya ku-0.6 m. Ngaphakathi kuzimbali ezimhlophe qhwa, kanti ngaphandle kupinki. Izimbali ziqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli futhi zihlala ngaphansi kwengxenye yenyanga. Amapuleti wamaqabunga alezi zinhlobo asebusika, anesikhumba, anesibalo esiphakeme futhi anombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Inokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa (kuze kufike ku-35 degrees). Ngokwesiko, le nhlobo evela kuma-Middle Ages. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yiNigristern neNigerkors, nezinhlobonhlobo:

1. Ababumbi bazovuma. Kulokhu okuhlukahlukene, izimbali ezimhlophe zinobukhulu obukhulu (cishe amasentimitha ayi-12).
2. H.J. Joshua. Le hellebore yiyona yokuqala, ukuqhakaza kwayo kuqala ngoNovemba.
3. Prex. Izimbali ngoNovemba, umbala wezimbali upinki okhanyayo.

I-Caucasian hellebore (Helleborus caucasicus)

Endle, lolu hlobo lungatholakala kuwo wonke eCaucasus, naseTurkey naseGrisi. Amapuleti eqabunga eliqinile le-evergreen enesikhumba esinobude obude angafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-15, ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-5-11 ububanzi. Ukuphakama kwe-Peduncle kungahluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kwangama-0.5. Kuzo kukhona izimbali eziqothulayo, umbala wazo ungaba luhlaza okotshani opende onsundu noma omhlophe ngombala oluhlaza, bese ubukhulu zifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-8. Izimbali ziqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Ephreli, futhi ubude bawo bungamaviki ayi-6. Lolu hlobo luphawuleka ukubekezelela ubusika, futhi belilinywe kusukela ngo-1853. Kubhekwa njengobuthi kunabo bonke.

I-Abkhazian hellebore (Helleborus abchasicus)

Amapuleti amaqabunga angenasikhumba anama-petioles amade; umbala wawo uluhlaza onsomi noma onsomi omnyama. Ama-Peduncle apendwe obomvu nang onsomi futhi afinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.3-0.4. Ububanzi bezimbali ezibomvu ezimnyama buba ngamasentimitha ayi-8, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona izinkomba zombala omnyama kuzo. Ukuqhakaza kule zinhlobo ezilwa neqhwa kuqala ngo-Ephreli futhi kuthatha amasonto ayi-6. Inezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezingadi.

I-East Hellebore (Helleborus orientalis)

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ungahlangana eGreece, Turkey kanye nezintaba zeCaucasus. Ukuqhuma okunjalo okuhlala njalo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0.3. Ububanzi bezimbali ze-lilac bungamasentimitha ayi-5. Amapulangwe okusaqabunga kule zinhlobo avame ukuthintwa ukhunta. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo, okulandelayo okuthandwa kakhulu:

1. I-White swan. Izimbali ezimhlophe.
2. Rock and roll. Phezu kwezimbali zalesi zinhlobo kukhona amachashazi abomvu obomvana.
3. Blue Anemone. Umbala wezimbali uphuzi lilac.
4. I-Sortoseriya Ladi Series. Amabheshi aqondile akhula ngokushesha, umoba wezimbali ukuphakama ufinyelela kumamitha angama-0.4. Izimbali ziza ngemibala ehlukene ezi-6.

I-smelly hellebore (Helleborus foetidus)

Lolu hlobo luvela emithambekeni anamadwala nasehlathini elincane laseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Amaqabunga amaqabunga, ngesikhathi sekwindla anokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0 kuye kwangama-0.3. Amapuleti amaqabunga ebusika ahlukaniswe abe yizicucu ezincanyana zobumnyama obuluhlaza. Isiqu sezimbali singamamitha angama-0.8 ubude, ngama-inflorescence aminyene akhula phezu kwawo, ahlanganisa nezimbali eziningi ezincane ezinomfanekiso wensimbi ngombala oluhlaza kanye nomphetho obomvu onsundu. Lolu hlobo lunokubekezelela okukhulu kakhulu kwesomiso. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Wester Flix: izingxenye zamaqabunga zincane ngisho kunonhlobo oluphambili, amagatsha e-inflorescence ane-hue ebomvu ephaphathekile.

I-Corsican hellebore (Helleborus conttifolius)

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ungahlangana eziqhingini zaseSardinia naseCorsica. Ukuphakama okunjalo okuhlala njalo kungafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.75. Kunezimpande ezimbalwa eziqondile ezikhula ngokushesha ngobubanzi. Izimbali ezimise okwendebe kanye nombala oluhlaza okotshani ziyingxenye yama-inflorescence amakhulu ezinhlanga eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isitshalo esinjalo siqala ukuqhakaza ngoFebhuwari, futhi ngesimo sezulu esipholile nxazonke ngo-Ephreli. Maphakathi nethobhu, idinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika. Izinhlobo ze-Grunspecht zithandwa kakhulu: umbala wezimbali ubomvu ngombala obomvu.

I-Red Hellebore (Helleborus purpurascens)

I-Homeland is mpumalanga yeYurophu, ithanda ukukhula emaphethelweni amahlathi nasezihlahleni ezisuka eRomania naseHungary ziye ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga ye-Ukraine. Amapuleti amakhulu amaqabunga e-basal anama-petioles amade, ahlukaniswe ngesandla ezingxenyeni ezi-5-7. Ingaphambili lazo linombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti uhlangothi olungafanele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ububanzi bezimbali ezi-drooping cishe amasentimitha amane; banephunga elimnandi. Ngaphandle, zidwetshwe ngombala onsomi-onsomi othuli, futhi ngaphakathi - kuluhlaza okhanyayo, ngemuva kwesikhashana ziba luhlaza. Izimbali ziqala ngo-Ephreli futhi zihlala cishe amasonto amane. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1850.

I-Hybrid hellebore (Helleborus x hybridus)

Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zembewu engadini phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hellebore. Izimbali zingapendwe ngemibala ehlukene futhi zibe nobubanzi bamasentimitha ayi-5-8. Isibonelo:

1. UVioletta. Ingxenye emaphakathi yezimbali ezimhlophe i-fluffy, kukhona futhi nemithambo emincane yombala wepinki kanye nomngcele.
2. Belinda. Izimbali ezimhlophe zeTerry ngokukhazimula okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nomngcele onqenqemeni lwamaphayini.
3. INdlovukazi ye-Knight. Izimbali ezinsomi omnyama zinezinyoni eziphuzi.

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo, kutshalwa nakho okufana: okuluhlaza, okunamakha, ama-shrubby, ama-typartite, ama-Tibetan, ama-Stern, njll.

Izakhiwo ze-Hellebore

Komunye umuthi, izindlela zokwelapha ze-black hellebore, kanye neCaucasian, zivame ukusetshenziswa. Lezi zitshalo ziyakwazi ukuguqula izinqubo ze-metabolic emzimbeni, zehlise umfutho wegazi futhi zinciphise noshukela egazini. Futhi ziyehluka ngokuhlukahluka kukwe-diuretic, laxative kanye ne-antibacterial. Basiza ekuhlanzeni izitho zepheshana lesisu kusuka kuma-polyps kanye nama-parasites, futhi amatshe asuswa emgudwini we-urine kanye nenyongo. Isetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-migraines, izilonda zesisu, i-osteochondrosis, i-rheumatism, isifo samathambo ne-radiculitis. Faka isandla ekunakekelweni kohlelo lwezinhliziyo. Bahlanza igazi, baqinise amasosha omzimba. Zisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-oncology namakhaza, futhi ngisho nezitshalo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukubhubhisa ukwakheka kwesimila ekuqaleni kwesigaba. Lolu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu zokwelapha ze-hellebore, okungenzeka awuzange uzisollele, ngokuyikhulisa engadini yakho iminyaka eminingi.

Ukulungiswa kokupholisa kulungiselelwe kuphela kusuka empandeni yalesi sitshalo, kuyilapho akufanele ukhohlwe ukuthi uqukethe ubuthi. Izimpande zivunwa ngoSepthemba ngemuva kokuba imbewu isivuthiwe ngokuphelele. Kufanele zigezwe kusetshenziswa ibhulashi nge-bristle enzima. Ngemuva kwalokho ziba yizicucu futhi zomiswe ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-40 kuye kwangama-45 komahhala abalulekile.Izinto ezinjalo zokusetshenziswa zingagcina izakhiwo zazo iminyaka emi-2. Kule mpande, ungenza ukumnika noma i-decoction, kanye ne-powder enezinto ezinamandla zokupholisa.

Futhi, i-hellebore isetshenziswa kabanzi yilabo abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba. Ukwehla kwesisindo kungenxa yokuthi lesi sitshalo sisusa ngobunono ubuthi emzimbeni, sisuse uketshezi ngokweqile, futhi siba nomthelela ekuwohlokeni okusheshayo kwamafutha nokwanda kwe-metabolism yamafutha. Ngasikhathi sinye, amakhilogremu azohamba ngaphandle kokudla okuqinile nokushaywa yindlala. Eemvekeni ezi-4 zokusebenzisa i-hellebore yokuncipha kwesisindo, umuntu ojwayelekile uyakwazi ukuphatha ama-4-5 kilogramu wesisindo ngokweqile.

Isitshalo esinjalo sinenombolo enkulu kakhulu ye-contraindication, kwenqatshelwe ukusisebenzisa:

• ngezifo zesibindi;
• izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-14;
• abantu abanezinkinga ngohlelo lwezinhliziyo (i-tachycardia, isifo senhliziyo, njll);
• ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.

Uma kwenzeka kweqa ngokweqile, umuntu angazizwa i-tinnitus, ukoma, ulimi kanye nokuvuvukala komphimbo wakhe, uma ubuthi bunamandla, lokhu kuholela ekuweni noma ekubanjweni kwenhliziyo. Kuzo zonke izitshalo, i-hellebore igqame ngokuba nesibalo esikhulu kakhulu sobuthi benhliziyo. Kwezinye izimo, abantu bafa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kokuqala komkhiqizo owenziwe kulesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthatha isidakamizwa esinjalo, qiniseka ukuthi uthintana nochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe ozokwazi ukukhetha umthamo kanye nerejimeni elifanele.