Mayelana nokukhula kwezithombo ze-petunia ngokuningiliziwe

UPetunia uyintandokazi ngokuphelele phakathi kwamaflaya. Kokubili ngokuthandwa, nokusatshalaliswa, futhi ngezimbali eziningi, lesi sitshalo sidlula bonke abanye esincintisana nabo. Izithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ezitolo zesikhukhula. Ukhula olukhula ezinhlamvwini zembewu akuwona umsebenzi olula. Kepha ngentshiseko nangokunaka okuthile, ungazenzela iqoqo lakho lezilwane zasendlini.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-petunia kusuka imbewu.

Ingadi petunias (UPetunia x hybrida noma UPetunia hybrida) - Omunye wabamele abaziwayo kakhulu bomndeni wakwaSolanaceae. Ngokuphakama okungama-10 kuye kwayi-100 cm, lokhu kukhula minyaka yonke ngama-herbaceous ngamahlamvu anamaqabunga amahle, anamaqabunga, ezinwabuzelayo noma eziqonde ngqo zikuvumela ukuba ukhethe izinhlobo ezinkulu noma ezihlangene kakhulu. Amaqabunga e-oval athambile onqenqemeni oluqinile, ukwakheka nokuba khona kwendawo ethile ekhomba engahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, hlala amahlumela ngokuhlukile. Umphetho omuhle ugcizelela ithoni ekhanyayo yamaqabunga.

Izimbali ezinkulu ezinkulu ezimise okwezimbali-gramoponchiki zikhulu ngokujwayelekile kwazo noma ngokungahambi kahle kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene - umhlobiso oyinhloko wesitshalo. Bakha amafu aqhakaza konke kanye namakhasethi, kepha ubuhle bembali ngayinye buyachuma. Ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi kunganciphi kuze kufike amafrimu, uPetunia uhlinzeka ngemibala eminingi, ubukhulu bezimbali, umehluko wemibala eminingi nemiphetho ewohlokile, amadigri ahlukahlukeneko wesimo sokuma kanye nesimo se-corolla.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezifuywayo zinkulu kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nabalimi abanolwazi akukho lula ukuyiqonda ngamaqembu, izinhlobo, amakilasi nezinhlobonhlobo. Kepha ku-agrotechnology yokulinywa, wonke ama-petunias ayalingana. Endabeni yokukhiqiza kabusha, wonke ama-petunias empeleni awahlukile komunye komunye. Futhi petunias of grandiflora, multiflora, kanye amantongomane, kanye namaqembu ngamanye petunias, futhi ngisho nemfashini zezinto ezifashisayo zisakazwa ikakhulukazi ngembewu - izithombo.

Imbewu kaPetunia: Ukuziqongelela kanye nokuthenga

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza (defloration) ku-petunias, izigaxa zezithelo ezibunjiwe eziyizidleke ezimbili ziboshwe ngaphezulu kwesentimitha ubude, eziba nsundu ngombala wegolide lapho zivuthwa. Ngumbala onquma isikhathi sokuqoqwa kwembewu, okuvunyelwe ngamaviki angama-4-8 ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Akufanele uphuthume ukukhipha imbewu emabhokisini ezithelo: Ukuvuthwa kwazo ngokugcwele kuzovela kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 noma ngisho nezingu-4. Izithelo zePetunia zibekwe endaweni emnyama, enomoya futhi enamazinga okushisa asekamelweni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-4, imbewu ingasuswa, ihlelwe, ifakwe ilebula futhi igcinwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha ngokuvikelwa kumakhaza, ukushisa, ukukhanya nomswakama ophezulu.

Ukuze uzitholele ngokuzimela imbewu ye-petunia, udinga ukushiya ingxenye yezimbali zokubuna ezitshalweni. Kungcono ukushiya ama-buds angaphansi, avuleka phakathi kokuqala. Lapho uqoqa imbewu ye-petunia, kungcono ukulungele iqiniso lokuthi inzalo ngeke igcine izici zezinhlobonhlobo zomama futhi izomangaza ngezimpawu zayo ezihlukile. Ukuze uqoqe imbewu ngokwakho, kufanele futhi unake ama-nuances amathathu abalulekile:

1. Ukuqoqa imbewu yakho, kuzofanele ukhethe izinhlobo kuphela: nzalo eyinyumba, ayizakhi izinhlobo zezinhlanyelo zembewu, ngoba ngenxa yokukhethwa ezinhlamvwini ezinjalo, ama-ovari aguqulwa abe yimifino.
2. Ama-petunias ayizitshalo eziwela impova, ukuzenzisa umuntu ngokwakhe kwenzeka kuphela ezimweni ezithile.
3. Ukucoliswa kwezitshalo ezingezona eziphindwe kabili ne-pollen ye-varietal terry petunias zikuvumela ukuthi uthole ingxenye yembewu ngezimbali eziphindwe kabili, kodwa nokho isibalo sezitshalo ezigcine izimfanelo zazo ngeke zedlule kuma-30%. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kuyanconywa ukuthenga imbewu yezinhlobo ze-terry.

Imbewu emincane eshaya kancane ingene ngaphakathi kwekholomu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyitshala. Ububanzi bembewu emnyama ka-petunia ehlanganayo nenhlabathi ingaphezulu kwesigamu samamilimitha. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane, igremu elilodwa lembewu liqukethe izitshalo ezingaba izinkulungwane ezingama-5 ukuya kwezingu-10 (ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezimbali, imbewu zikhulu kancane kunalezo ezigeleza kakhulu). Cishe imbewu eyi-100 ingaqoqwa esiqhameni esisodwa, ngakho-ke ama-petunias abizwa ngokufanelekile ngokuthi yihlobo elilodwa kakhulu.

Inani lezinhlobonhlobo ze-petunia lilinganiswa ngezinkulungwane. Ukukhethwa kwembewu yezilwane ezijwayelekile noma ezijwayelekile

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukugxila ezimfanelweni zokuhlobisa - ikakhulukazi eziqhakazayo, umbala, ukuphakama kwezitshalo, nobukhulu obunamaqabunga, ukwakheka nobude bamahlumela, ukusetshenziswa okunconywayo kwezinhlobo ezihlukile. Izinhlobo ze-Ampelic zisetshenziselwa kuphela obhasikidi wokulengiswa namakhasino emakhabetheni; kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga zithandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokutshuza okuminyene nokuqina kwamagatsha.
2. Lapho ukhetha imbewu ye-petunia, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kulezi zitshalo isikhathi sokumila okuphakathi cishe siyizinsuku ezingama-70. Izilwane zasekhaya ezincane eziqhakaza izimbali ngamagama ajwayelekile; izimbali ezinkulu ezincane eziqhakaza izimbali ziyaqhakaza okungenani emasontweni amathathu kamuva.
3. Kuyathengiswa kukhona izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ngazinye, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlobonhlobo. Okokugcina kwe-petunias kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nengozi yokungatholi umphumela oqondile olindelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthenga izinhlobo ngazinye futhi uzihlwanyele, uzenzele iqoqo lakho, kunokuba uthenge izinhlobo ezixubile zemihlobiso ehlukene.
4. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukukhetha komenzi, nezitolo ezikhethekile noma izikhungo zegadi, hhayi amaphuzu atholakalayo azithengisayo. Kuhlolwe kwamanye amaflaya azisungule njengezinkampani ezinokwethenjelwa zzilwane ezifuywayo kungcono ukuba azame abahlinzeki abasha. Naka ukuphelela kwemininingwane emayelana nomakhiqizi, ikhwalithi yencazelo yesitshalo nobuchwepheshe obunconyiwe bezolimo, ukutholakala kwalo lonke ulwazi ngempilo yeshalofu kanye nembewu eningi.
5. I-petunias ijwayelekile, kepha akunzeki neze ehlobo lesabelomali, intengo ephansi kakhulu yembewu ithwala ingozi enkulu yokuthenga izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphansi.
6. Ku-petunias, imbewu ejwayelekile ibhekwa njengethembekile kakhulu, yize imbewu ye-dragee ilula ukuyisebenzisa (kepha izwela kakhulu ukuhlwanyela ukunemba - isikhathi - nemingcele yokukhanyisa).

Imbewu kaPetunia igcina ukukhula kwayo isikhathi eside, ingathengwa ukuze isetshenziswe ngokuzayo. Ungakapheli iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine, ukuhluma kwembewu empeleni akuphileki, ngakho-ke ukuthenga imbewu esanda kudlula akudingekile.

Izithombo zezinhlamvu ze-petunia.

Ukuhlwanyela izilondeli zezithombo

UPetunia akuyona inkambiso elula. Imbewu encane, izithombo ezingabuni futhi ezibucayi zidinga ukunemba kwenqubo yokukhula kwezithombo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ubuhle beflaya bufanele umzamo.

Inhlabathi neziqukathi zokutshala izinyathi

Ukuze ukhule izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezisuselwa ezinhlanyweni ekhaya, asikho isidingo sokukhetha iziqukathi ezikhethekile. Kule fleer, womabili amabhokisi wokuhlwanyeka ajwayelekile neziqukathi eziphansi noma amapuleti afanelekile. Njengoba i-petunia ingesabi ukufakelwa, hhayi amakhasethi ngamanye noma amaphilisi we-Peat asetshenziselwa yona, kodwa iziqukathi ezinkulu ezijwayelekile. Ukuphakama kwenhlabathi okungaba ngu-6-7 cm kubhekwa njengokufanele kakhulu kuma-petunias; iziqukathi eziphansi kakhulu ngeke zilungele leli flaya, kepha kungcono ukugwema lezo ezijulile. Amathangi lapho izitshalo zazitshalwe khona ngaphambili kufanele zilungiswe futhi zibulawe amagciwane.

Ngokudonsela izithombo koshizi wepulasitiki sebenzisa amabhodwe amancane epulasitiki kanye nezimbiza noma amakhasethi. Amasentimitha ayi-6 kuya kwayi-8 cm anele ukukhula okuvamile kwamaflaya amancane.

Ezinhlanyelweni ze-petunia kanye nokuhlwanyela imbewu, noma yikuphi ukuxubana kwenhlabathi osezingeni eliphezulu ngezithombo ezikhulayo kufanelekile. Womabili la ma-substrates azimele axutshwe futhi azithengile, uma evulekile, enempilo, ekwazi ukugcina umswakama, kepha engathambekeli ekusebenzeni, awunampendulo enamandla ye-acidic noma i-calcareous, aphelele. Okujwayelekile kubhekwa njenge-pH 5.5.

Kuma-petunias, i-substrate yendawo yonke ihlala isetshenziswa, enezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, i-turf, inhlabathi enamaqabunga kanye ne-peat enesigamu senani lesihlabathi esibunjiwe. Kungcono ukuthi ukhipha umuncagomeni ngaphambi kokuba uhlwanyele imbewu ye-petunia ngesixazululo se-fungicides noma ikhala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela bese uthambisa okungenani ungqimba olungaphezulu. Ekuhlwanyeleni nasekuhlwabeni kwamatholeni sebenzisa i-substrate efanayo.

Ukuhlwanyela Imbewu kaPetunia

Kuma-petunias, ukuhlwanyela kusenesikhathi kukhethwa. Uma kungekho ithuba lokuhlelela i-backlighting, khona-ke ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoMashi. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, umucu ophakathi ungcono ukuhlwanyela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi, kodwa imvamisa, ukuthola izimbali zokuqala, ama-petunias ahlwanyelwa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi noma ngoFebhuwari (ishumi lesithathu leminyaka livumela ukuhlwanyela eminyakeni eyimpumelelo ngaphandle kokuhlwanyela). Ama-peunias ayihlwanyelwe ngemuva kukaMashi, ngoba izitshalo azinaso isikhathi sokwembula bonke ubuhle bazo nokuqhakaza kwazo kuzoba sekwephuze kakhulu. Ekukhetheni isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu ye-petunia kunama-nuances amaningi:

1. I-Peunias ehlwanyelwe esikhathini sezinsuku eziyishumi nesithathu sezinsuku eziyishumi zika-Mashi ziqhakaza ngoJuni; lapho ihlwanyelwa ngoJanuwari nangoFebhuwari, izinsuku zihamba ngokufanele ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, kepha lokho kulima kudinga izimo ezikhethekile.
2. Kukhona umehluko ezinsukwini ezinconyelwe zokuhlwanyela kwezinhlobo ngazinye zepuniunias. Izilimo ezigeleza ngemuva kwezimbali ezinkulu zihlwanyelwa kakhulu kamuva, ngoMashi, ama-multiflora angahlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, kanti nezilimo ezifuywayo zesisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke amahlumela amade zihlwanyelwa kahle kakhulu ngokukhanyiselwa ngoJanuwari.
3. Ngasiphi isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, umuntu kufanele azilungiselele uma kunesidingo ukunxephezela ukungabi bikho kokukhanya: i-Photophilous petunias entwasahlobo engaphumelelanga ngaphandle kokukhanyisa emuva kungalahleka ngokuphelele (ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinamafu).

Lapho uthenga imbewu nokuhlela izilimo, kungcono njalo ukwenza ukubalwa kwesitoko, ukwandisa inani lembewu ngo-30-50%, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokukhanya okungekuhle, kuhlale kunobungozi bokuthi kuphela uhhafu wembewu oyohluma, yize ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-petunia ingamila isuka ku-80 iye ku-100%.

Imbewu ezincane zibizwa kufanele ngokuthi ubunzima obukhulu bezithombo zezithombo ze-petunia ezikhulayo. Zilimaza kakhulu emsebenzini, kangangokuthi kulwazi lokuqala lokukhula kule ncwadi yonyaka, ungancoma ukukhetha kwamathayipu, ama-dragee noma imbewu eboshwe, okulula kakhulu ukuyitshala. Kepha ukusebenza ngembewu evamile "elula" kungenziwa lula:

• ukuxuba imbewu ye-petunia nesihlabathi (udinga ukusebenzisa inhlabathi ecwengekile, eyomile, elula, hhayi yokuhlola);
• hlwanyela engxenyeni yesihlabathi noma eqhweni, lapho kuthi imbewu encane kakhulu ibonakale kahle;
• Sebenzisa i-toothpick yokugoqa "ucezu" (le inketho esisebenzisa isikhathi kakhulu).

Ukutshala izithombo zezilwane, kufanele:

1. Gcwalisa iziqukathi ezikhethiwe kuze kube yingxenye noma ingxenye yesithathu ukuphakama ngesikrini esikhulu noma isikrini sonke bese usihlanganisa kancane. Uma amathangi ajulile kakhulu noma inhlabathi igqinsiwe kahle, kungcono ukuthi ubeke amanzi ngaphansi komhlaba wethangi.
2. Faka i-substrate efakiwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa. Njengoba indawo yokukhosela isuswa ezitshalweni sekwephuzile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushiye isikhala esanele emathangini wokukhula kwezitshalo: ukusuka phezulu kwesiqalo kuya emaphethelweni amathangi okutshala izinhlwathi, kufanele kusele ibanga elingu-2 kuya ku-3 cm. Ingqimba yenhlabathi efakiwe kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-1 cm (ngakho-ke) imbewu izolala ngokulingana, izitshalo zizokhula ngokulinganayo.
3. Linganisa ngokucophelela ingaphezulu lomhlabathi bese ulinameka kahle ngesifutho esihle. Ukuphuza okuningi kwesinye isikhathi kunconywa ama-petunias ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa ukusatshalaliswa komswakama kanye "nokugcwaliswa" kwenhlabathi, kepha ungasebenzisa futhi uhlobo lwakudala. Uma ungathathanga ezinye izinyathelo, mboza inhlabathi ngesihlabathi noma iqhwa ukwenza lula ukuhlwanyela.
4. Ukusabalalisa imbewu ye-petunias kufanele kube kunqabile ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuzama ukuhlwanyela ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo yesitsha.
5. Futha imbewu ngesibhamu sokufafaza kusuka phezulu, uzama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimbotshana eziqinile aziholeli ekutsheni imbewu ngayinye. Ngokufafaza kokuqala, ungasebenzisa isisombululo sokuvuselela ukukhula. Lapho ukuhlwanyela eqhweni, ukufafaza akwenziwanga.
6. Mboza isitsha ngengilazi noma ngefilimu ngaphandle kokumboza imbewu phezulu ngesigaqa esincanyana.

Ukuthathwa kokuqala kwezithombo zika-petunia.

Ukudlulisa isilwanyana esinezithombo zika-petunia.

Izimo zokuhluma kwembewu

UPetunia uthanda ukushisa okuzinzile. Ukuhluma kwembewu, kuyathandeka ukulondolozwa kwezinga lokushisa lama-20- degrees Celsius. Izimo ezipholile zizovumela kuphela izinhlobo ezindala noma "izilwane zasendle" zikhula, imbewu yazo eqoqwe ngokuzimela. Zonke izinhlobo zanamuhla zingazweli ekushiseni ngesikhathi sokuhluma.

Uma isibani singakhanyi ngokwanele, isimo sezulu sinamafu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukubeka ama-phytolamp wokukhanya ngaphezulu kweziqukathi. Ifilimu noma ingilazi yomoya omncane iphakanyiswa nsuku zonke.

Ukugcina umswakama akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zivele, kungakuhle ukuba ufafaze ngokufafaza okukhanyayo nsuku zonke ukuze kugcinwe umswakama wokukhanya womhlabathi ozinzile. Emanzini okufafaza imbewu, ungangezela i-fungicide ekhanyayo (ngokwesibonelo, sebenzisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate).

Kuvela amahlumela ama-petunias (ngokwesilinganiso) ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Ama-peunias ahluma amasonto ama-2, isikhathi eside kunalesi sikhathi okufanele ungasilindeli izithombo: uma kungekho mphumela, udinga ukulungisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo uphinde uphinde uhlwanyele. Amahlumela obungane abonakala kuleli hlobo, imvamisa amahlumela avela ngokulingana futhi kungakapheli isikhathi esifushane.

Izitshalo ezikhulayo

Izimpande zikaPetunia zincanyana kakhulu, zintekenteke, zinomsindo futhi zizwelayo ekuphambukeni okuncane kakhulu ezimeni ezikhulayo noma ezingeni lomswakama. Ama-petunias akhula kancane. Ukushisa nokukhanya okukhanyayo kwezilwane ezincane zasendlini kushiya okufanayo. Ubude obulungile bemini yezinsuku zezithombo ezisencane amahora angama-11 kuya kwayi-12.

Ifilimu noma ingilazi kusuka ezitsheni ezinama-petunias zingasuswa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kweshidi lokuqala. Ukungena komoya nsuku zonke kwenziwa izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, kugwema ukunqwabelana kwe-condensate kanye nokugcina indawo enempilo yokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo.

Ingozi enkulu esigabeni esikhulayo umswakama owandisiwe. Ama-petunias angenye yezifo ezithambekele kakhulu ezifweni ezinamazinyo amnyama ehlobo, yingakho ukufaka amanzi kanye nokunisela okungalungile kuyingozi enkulu kakhulu. Kepha ukomiswa komhlabathi kungashabalalisa zonke izithombo. Ukufafaza okunembile kwezitshalo kwenziwa nsuku zonke ukudala isimo esizinzile nesinomswakama.

Amahlumela amancane athambekele ekuguqukeni. Amakhono adinga ukuguqulwa ngokuhlobene nomthombo wokukhanya kaningana ngosuku ukuze athuthukise ngokulinganayo (ngokukhanya okuphezulu asikho isidingo sokujika).

Ukuswakama ngokweqile, ukuntuleka kwamazinga okushisa athambile noma ukukhanyisa kungaholela ekusakazeni kwezifo. Uma amahlumela ekhombisa izimpawu zokuthuthuka komlenze omnyama, izitshalo ziqala ukulimala, khona-ke kulokhu kuqhutshwa dive ephuthumayo. Ukuze wehlise umswakama, izithombo kumele zifafazwe ngokucophelela ngengqimba yesihlabathi esomile bese zidluliselwa ngokushesha ekudluliseleni kwazo ezitsheni ngazinye.

Dive izithombo futhi unakekele izitshalo abasha

Ku-petunia, i-dive iyenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho kukhiwa amaqabunga eqiniso ezitshalweni.Kungcono ukungabambezeli inqubo yokutshala izithombo, kepha ukufakelwa kwangaphambilini inketho ehlukile kuphela ezitshalweni ezinesifo. Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kubekezelelwa kahle. Bahlala kanyekanye. Ngemuva kokujikijela, izitshalo ziyaniselwa ngokucophelela bese zibekelwa usuku noma ezimbili ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okukhanyayo noma ziboshwe ngephepha ukuze zizibuyisele kangcono endaweni entsha.

Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwe-petunias kubalulekile kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka kwabo. Ukuvuselelwa ngezinsuku ezinamafu kwenziwa ngemuva kokuntywila kuphela kulowo obuthakathaka, okwaqala ukwelula noma ukukhombisa ngokusobala ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kwezithombo. Izinga lokushisa lingashiywa ebangeni lekamelo, kepha kungcono ukulinciphisa kancane kancane libe ngu-18-20, bese - ama-degrees ayi-16-16 anezimo ezipholile kancane ebusuku. Khulisa kancane imvamisa kanye nesikhathi somoya ngaphambi kokucima.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezithombo yezithombo kuyingozi enkulu, kungaqala ukwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokudada - ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-1-1,5. Esigabeni sokukhulisa izithombo ze-petunia, zenziwa ukuthola izitshalo eziqinile zamagatsha nezimbali eziningi. Gcoba emanzini okunisela njalo ngesonto, usebenzisa uhhafu wedosi elijwayelekile elinconywe ngumenzi. Esigabeni se-seedling, ukushintshanisa izimpande kanye nezimpande zokugqoka kungashintshwa. Ngokukhula kancane, umanyolo we-nitrogen wenziwa, kepha ama-petunias asawathanda umanyolo onzima nowe-organic.

Ukunakwa okuyinhloko kufanele kukhokhwe ekunikezelweni okungatheni okuphezulu nokulinganiselayo. Ukugcotshwa kwamanzi ngisho nakukhula kwezilwane ezifuywayo kuyingozi kakhulu, kungavusa ukukhula kokubola nokufa kwezitshalo. Ukuchelela kwenziwa ngenani elincane lamanzi, kodwa kaningi kuhlolwa izinga lokomiswa kwenhlabathi. Lezi zinqubo zicocekile, zingavumeli amaconsi ukuthi awele phezu kwama-greens kanye namahlumela, kuphoqelekile kwizilwane ezifuywayo. Lapho yakha isisindo samaqabunga anele futhi ikhipha ama-buds okuqala, umswakama wayo ungancishiswa kancane.

Ukunakekela izithombo ze-petunia, kungcono ukungakhohlwa mayelana nezinqubo ezimbili:

1. Ukuncipha amahlumela kukuvumela ukuba uthole imiqhele eminyene, enamagatsha anamanzi futhi exubile kuzinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla ze-petunia.
2. Ukuvula umhlabathi ngemuva kokunisela kuzokwesekela ukuvuleka komhlaba kanye namanzi kwenhlabathi (le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kokuthinta uhlelo olubanzi lwezimpande lwe-petunia).

Izithombo ezihlwanyelwe zezilwane ezifuywayo.

Izithombo ezikhulayo zepuniunias.

Izithombo ezikhulayo zepuniunias.

Ukuphathwa kwezithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo

Ku-petunia, ukuqina kufanele kuqale ekuqaleni. Imvamisa, izitshalo ziqala ukuthatha okungenani amahora ambalwa zithole umoya omusha, lapho nje isimo sezulu sivumela futhi phakathi nosuku izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Ukulima kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuze kufike isikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini noma ezitsheni engadini kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo ezinamaqabunga aqinile futhi aqine kakhudlwana.

Ukutshala izithombo ze-petunia enhlabathini nasezitsheni

Okuma-petunias, naphezu kwesimo sawo njengendlovukazi engenasici, ukufika emhlabathini ovulekile kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi kufanelekile. Kungcono ukulinda kuze kube yilapho amaqandana wokubuya eyeka. Ukuhlwanyela phambilini kudinga ukulungela ukuvikela izitshalo ezingozini zesimo sezulu ezingaba khona. Uma izilwane ezifuywayo zihlelelwe ukuba zikhule ngesiko lesitsha, khona-ke ukutshala kungenziwa kakade ekuqaleni kukaMeyi: izimbiza namabhasikidi njalo kungeniswa egumbini uma kunesidingo.

Ukukhetha indawo yezilwane ezifuywayo engadini, kufanelekile ukuma ezindaweni ezifudumele, ezikhanyiswe kahle. Endabeni yokumelana nobandayo nokusalungiswa, kungcono ukuthembela ezicini ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile, kepha zonke izidalwa eziqhakaza ziphuphuma kangcono ezindaweni ezivikelwe neziseceleni. Ama-petunias amakhulu aqhakaza u-thermophilic futhi azwela ukuthokomala kanye nesimo sezulu (amancane ngosayizi wezimbali, ongenasici kanye ne-petunia). Izitshalo ze-Ampel zidinga ukuvikeleka emoyeni.

Ingxenye ephezulu esezingeni eliphezulu yendawo yonke lapho ikhule ngama-ampel, obhasikidi kanye namabhodwe ingakhethwa phakathi kwengxube yenhlabathi ethengiwe, uzixube. Isilinganiso senhlabathi enamaqabunga, inhlabathi enodaka, i-humus, isihlabathi kanye ne-peat yezilwane ezifuywayo asibalulekanga kangako: into esemqoka ukuthi inhlabathi ayikhululekile, kepha inempilo, ayihambisani nomswakama, kepha ayithambekele ekubanjweni. Lezi zihlobo zikhula kahle ngokufakwa kwezakhi zokukhulula (ngokwesibonelo, i-perlite) kanye nesengezo esigcina amanzi ngendlela ye-hydrogel. Phansi kwanoma yisiphi iziqukathi zibeka ungqimba oluphezulu lwamanzi (ubuncane be-5 cm). Kuma-petunias, amatshe, ubumba olwandisiwe, nezinye izinto zilungile njengamanzi. Ukusabela komhlabathi ongathathi hlangothi kuyakhethwa.

Lapho utshala emhlabathini ovulekile, inhlabathi yengadi evundile noma enomsoco kufanele ihlolwe ukuthi iyabakhona yini amanzi. Ama-petunias akhetha ama-sandwich kanye ne-loams, kepha noma yimuphi umhlabathi onomsoco ubalungele. Ungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi ngokufaka umanyolo we-organic ovuthiwe - umquba noma i-humus. Njengamaflaya amaningi, isilwanyana sasekhaya asikwazi ukuma umquba omusha. Ingxenye yamanyolo ephelele wezimbiwa nayo izonikeza isitshalo konke okudingekayo. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi akufanele kube yi-acidic: noma yimuphi umhlabathi one-pH ongaphansi kuka-5.5 kumele ube ngumkhawulo futhi ulungiswe. Lapho utshala emhlabathini ovulekile, kungakuhle ukuthi ulungiselele inhlabathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi (hhayi kusukela ekwindla, kodwa okungenani inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo).

Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo livame ukukhawulelwa kuphela ezincelisayo ezikhulwe enhlabathini evulekile. Kwimitha eyi-skwele yendawo etshaliwe, azikho izimbotshana ezingaphezu kwe-10 ezisetshenziselwa ukutshala. Kuma-petunias agqama kakhulu noma esihlahleni, ibanga eliphakanyisiwe lisuka ku-15 ukuya ku-20 cm ngezinhlobo ezincane ezinezimbali ezincane, ukuya kuma-25-30 cm kwezimbali ezinkulu. Ngama-petunias amakhulu namakhulu, indinganiso ibhekwa njengebanga elingamasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-50. Ezitshalweni ezibunjiwe nezinezimbali eziningi, ibanga livame ukunqanyulwa, yize okokuqala kulolo luqukethe iziqukathi namabhasikidi ama-petunias atshalwe ukuze kufezekiswe umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuhlobisa. Ibanga elincane elingama-8-10 cm ligcinwa kahle noma kunjalo, yize izinkambiso ezijwayelekile zikhawulela ubungako bokutshala kuphela izitshalo ezingama-60-70 lapho zitshalwe enkambeni yesitsha.

Akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi ngokufakelwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo; izitshalo zijwayela kalula futhi ngokushesha futhi azesabi le nqubo. Kepha ukungazinzi, ubumnandi b amahlumela kubeka izidingo zawo ngokunemba komsebenzi: ukuze izitshalo zingahlushwa ukulimala, kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ngangokunokwenzeka, zibambe ngobumnene inqwaba eluhlaza futhi zigweme ukuxhumana okungadingekile. Kungcono ukudlulisela izithombo ezitsheni ezintsha noma enhlabathini ngezinsuku ezinamafu noma kusihlwa, ukuze izitshalo zingahlushwa yilanga futhi zijwayelane ngokushesha. Ukufakelwa kuhlale kuqedwa ngokunisela okuningana, okwenziwa ngaphandle kokuthinta amaqabunga. Kungcono ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo (i-peat noma i-humus iphelele). Ngisho nezilwane ezihlanganiswe ngotshani zithanda ukugcotshwa kwezimbali, ezibuye zidlale indima yokufakelwa.

Ukubiza ama-petunias ukuthi ungakhethi futhi ukhula kalula noma ukubheka njengesinye sezitshalo ezinomusa kakhulu ngumbuzo ngamunye. Kwabanye abalimi, bakubekezelela ngokuphelele cishe noma yikuphi ukuphathwa ngezidada, kanti abanye bathokoziswa ngokunakekela okucophelela. Kepha masinyane ngemuva kokudlulisa izithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo, kunoma yikuphi, kufanelekile ukuhlinzekela ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okuhlelekile. Ukugcina umswakama ozinzile womhlaba uyiphuzu eliyinhloko ekunakekelweni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Izitshalo ezisencane emabhodweni nakobhasikidi zivikelekile kangcono ekutholeni ezimvula nasemvuleni, noma ngabe izinhlobo zisho ukumelana ngokwengeziwe.

Izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje zinokubekezelela umswakama kanye nesomiso, zibekezelela imvula eningi futhi yomisa inhlabathi kahle, kepha izimo zezitshalo zingazinza ngokwengeziwe. Ama-petunias akhula enhlabathini athelwa kaningi, kepha ngobuningi, ngezikhathi zesomiso isikhathi eside, bezama ukungacwasi amaqabunga nokuqondisa amanzi ngaphansi kwempande. Izitshalo ezimbelwe ziyaniselwa, kuvumela izingqimba ezingaphezulu nezingxenyeni ezithile zesigceme zome ngaphandle, kugweme isomiso nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, izilwane ezifuywayo zidinga ukuchelela kaningi ngosuku, futhi kungakuhle ukwengeza ukufafaza ohlelweni lokunakekela.

Ukufaka umquba izilokazana ezincane kuqala ngemuva kokuqala kwezimila ezisebenzayo (cishe isonto ngemuva kokutshala enhlabathini noma ezitsheni. Ingxenye evamile yomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi noma umanyolo okhethekile wokuqhakaza kwezimbali ngokuvama kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15 zezitshalo ezikhula enhlabathini kanye no-7-10 Izinsuku zezilimo ezibilisiwe.Ukuhlanganiswa kwezilimo ezikhula emhlabathini kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala kuphela kuze kube ngu-Agasti, kepha kungcono, ngokuqondene nezilwane ezifuywayo, ukwenza lezi zinqubo kuze kuphele ukuqhakaza. Ukuba namalungiselelo ayinkimbinkimbi anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium. Umanyolo onamaminerali ungashintshwa ngomanyolo we-organic ngesimo se-liquid. Kwizitshalo ezibunjiwe, ungasebenzisa umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside nezinye izindlela zokuhlobanisa nokuhlobisa izimpande. Uma isizini lingaphumeleli, isimo sezulu esibi, uma ukukhula kukhula kancane noma kuqhakaza, kungcono ukufeza umanyolo owengeziwe wokukhula ngezinkuthazo zokukhula kwezilwane ezifuywayo.

Kunoma yiziphi izilwane zasendlini ezibunjiwe neziningi kusukela ekuqaleni kwezimbali, kungcono ukwethula ukususwa kwezimbali ezi-willed ohlelweni lokunakekelwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi “izilwane ezihlanzekile” ezifika ngesikhathi noma eziqhamukayo ezibonakala zome kahle ngezimbali ezi-scruffy. Lapho ukhule enhlabathini, ukususwa kwezimbali ezinamahlamvu kwenzeka kuphela lapho izidumbu zibonakala ngokucacile - emibhedeni yezimbali, emingceleni, eduze kwendawo yokuzilibazisa, lapho kuvela khona imininingwane engathandeki.

Ukukhula kwezilimo ngokuhlwanyela emhlabathini ovulekile

Kwesinye isikhathi ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile sama-petunias zisebenzisa indlela elula yokukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni - ukuhlwanyela ngqo enhlabathini lapho kulinywe khona. Ukuhlwanyela ngo-Ephreli kukuvumela ukuthi uthole izitshalo eziqhakaza maphakathi nehlobo. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezincane zezimbali zohlobo lwe-petunias, ezitshalwa njengesitshalo somhlabathi noma umngcele. Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, ukuhlwanyela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nokugcina izithombo ngezithombo kungenzeka, kodwa ukuqhakaza kusazoba sekwephuzile.

Izithombo zezithombo zezilwane ezifuywayo.

Ukutshala ukusikwa kwe-petunia.

Umsuka wezinsika ze-petunia.

Izindlela Ezingafani Zokuzalela uPetunia

Izinhlobo ze-Terry kanye nama -uniuni we-hybrid akhiqizwa hhayi ngembewu, kodwa ngokusanhlamvu. Izici ezingaphikeli zezitshalo zomama zidinga ushintsho kucebo lokukhulisa izilwanyana ezifuywayo ezibaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ukuze kusikwe, izitshalo zigcinelwa ubusika, kuthi entwasahlobo, ukusikeka kwesibeletho kunqunywe ezihlahleni zesibeletho. Amabhasi we-petunias hibernate kuphela ngokukhanya okukhanyayo nokubanda, kepha hhayi kumakhaza - izinga lokushisa lama-degree ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12 lithathwa njengelingene. Nisela ngokucophelela. Awukwazi ukusindisa sonke isitshalo, kodwa usike izingcezu ezivela ezihlahleni bese ugcine ebusika ezimeni ezifanayo kwisigatshana esikhanyayo. Ngemuva kokukhula kwezimpawu entwasahlobo, zihlala ezitsheni ngazinye.

Amanye ama-petunias asesimweni esihle futhi ngenhlanhla ngesimo sezulu ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile anganikeza ukuzilawula. Ngaphandle kokuhluka kwekhwalithi yezimbali, izilwane zasendle ezifana "zasendle" zishaya ngokukhuthazela nangokuzithoba, futhi kaningi ngesayizi sezihlahla. Amahlumela amasha asetshenziswa njengezithombo noma ashiywe njengama-semi-zasendle, ama-accents agcwele izimbali.