U-Iris, noma kasatik - isitshalo sangemuva, esibhekwa njengesithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Ngobuhle bezimbali nomusa, i-iris ingaqhudelana kahle nezinye izitshalo eziningi. Ama-Irises nawo ayaziswa ngeqiniso lokuthi, ngokuqhakaza izimbali, agcina umphumela wokuhlobisa ngenxa yamahlamvu amahle. Izitshalo ze-Iris zihlobisa ingadi cishe isizini yonke. Mayelana nezici zokukhulisa irises engadini izotshela i-athikili yethu.
U-Iris uyisimangaliso esivela eMpumalanga.
Ukuchazwa kwe-botanical of irises
U-Iris (U-Iris), noma u-Kasatik - uhlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-rhizome zisetshenziswa zomndeni kaKatatikovy, noma u-Iris (I-Iridaceae) Ezasekhaya - Japan. Irises zitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-800 nezinhlobo ezicebile zemilo nemibala. Kulokhu, wathola igama lakhe (ngesiGrikhi. Ἶρῐς - uthingo).
Iziqu ze-iris zingezodwa noma ngamaqhubu, alula noma acacile. Amaqabunga ayicaba, ama-xiphoid, aqoqwe kakhulu ezansi kwesiqu. Uhlelo lwezimpande lutholakala ungqimba olungaphezulu olukholekayo. Izimbali - zodwa noma ku-inflorescence, kwezinye izinhlobo zinamakha kancane.
Izimbali ze-iris zihlukile kakhulu: azinamathuna namaphalishi. Ukuma kwembali kusondele ekwakhekeni kwe-orchid. I-perianth i-tubular, enomlenze ophekwe kathathu. Isisekelo samaphalishi fuse ku-tube, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona umpe.
Maphakathi neRussia, kuvela ukuthi kuqhuma kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ama-Iris abonakala ngokuqina kobusika obuphakeme, angahloniphi emhlabathini, kepha awubekezeleli inhlabathi enomswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwatshala emithambekeni. Izimbali zikhule endaweni eyodwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyisikhombisa.
Maphakathi neRussia, kuvela ukuthi kuqhuma kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya kuJulayi.Ukukhetha indawo nomhlabathi wama-irises
Ama-Irises anothando olukhanyayo impela, awela emjondolo, ayeke ukuqhakaza. U-Irises uhlala endaweni enelanga. Izitshalo ezilingayo futhi zomile zithanda, zibhubhisa ngamandla inhlabathi. Ama-irises amaningi amade futhi aqhakaza phezulu aboshwe, njengoba ephuka umoya. Inhlabathi ilula, ingathathi hlangothi, ayihlanganisi kakhulu ngomanyolo we-organic futhi ngaphandle komquba omusha.
Inhlabathi yama irises ilungiswa cishe isonto ngaphambi kokutshala. Isiza simbiwa kuze kufike ekujuleni kwesikhuhla se-bayonet, bese kwethulwa ama-8-10 kg we-humus. Ukusuka kumanyolo wezimbiwa zenze izipuni ezi-3 ze-superphosphate elula, izinkomishi ezi-2 zomlotha wokhuni. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, engeza 1 inkomishi kafulawa we-dolomite. Umanyolo womquba usondele ekujuleni kwe-10-12 cm nokuchitheka. Usuku lokutshala - ngokushesha ngemuva kokuhlukanisa isihlahla engxenyeni yesibini kaJulayi, ngemuva kokuqhakaza kokuqhakaza kwama-irises.
Funda futhi imininingwane yethu enemininingwane: Irises engadini - ngezigaba kanye nokusetshenziswa ekwakheni.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwama-irises
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi ama-irises asatshalaliswa izimpande. Kulokhu, izitho ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele zididekile: izimpande nama-rhizomes. Izimpande ze-irises azikwazi ukwenza kabusha, okungukuthi, zibuyisele sonke isitshalo engxenyeni ethile. Ngakho-ke, azikulungele ukwenziwa kabusha.
Abanye abatshali bezimbali bakholelwa ukuthi ama-irises angatshalwa ngamaqabunga. Lokhu futhi akulona iqiniso. Iqabunga le-iris, elihlukaniswe ne-rhizome, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokwakheka kwezimpande (ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokudla) alakhi izimpande futhi kancane kancane liyafa.
Okunye ukuthi lapho kutshalwa okuthiwa i- "scapula" (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-iris) emhlabathini, okuyiqoqo elinamaqabunga angama-basal anengxenye ye-rhizome. Ngenxa yobukhona besiqeshana se-rhizome, i-scapula enjalo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, ngokushesha iba nezimpande futhi iphenduke isitshalo esisha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-irises angandiswa ngokusakazwa kuphela yi-rhizome, equkethe izixhumanisi ezihlukile eziqinisiwe - ancishisiwe amahlumela waminyaka yonke.
U-Iris wabiwa kangcono njalo ngeminyaka emithathu. Ungakwazi ukufeza ukuhlukaniswa kwentwasahlobo. Ngommese obukhali, isihlahla esakhiwe kahle sihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi, ngasinye sazo siqukethe irosette elakhiwe kahle lamaqabunga. Izindawo ezisikiwe zifafazwa ngamalahle omile. Izimpande namaqabunga asikiwe.
Ingxenye ngayinye ingamelelwa ngesixhumanisi esisodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu zonyaka. Izixhumanisi zakudala ziyalahlwa.
Ama-Iris Delets akhanywa amagciwane imizuzu engama-30 kusisombululo seHoma (80 g ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi), ebulala amagciwane. Emva kwalokhu, ukwahlukaniswa komile elangeni izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Izingcezu ezifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. “AmaSpatulas” atshalwe angajulile, athambekele phezulu, athambekele kancane, ukuze izinso lisezingeni lomhlabathi. Ingxenye engenhla ye-rhizome akufanele imbozwe umhlaba.
Uma ama-rhizomes ngesikhathi sokutshala ejula kakhulu, lokhu kungadala ukuthi kungaqhakaza, kanye nesifo noma ukufa kwesitshalo. U-Irises uyaqhakaza ngokufanele ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokutshala.
Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziyaniselwa. Kuyelulekwa ukuchelela amanzi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza. Kwenze lokhu sekwephuzile, ukuvikela izimbali emanzini. Ngezikhathi ezithile khulula umhlabathi bese ususa ukhula.
Ama-Irises, akhula ngaphandle kokufakelwa iminyaka engama-5-6, ayeka ukuqhakaza, njengoba inhlabathi incishisiwe futhi ihlanganiswa, ama-rhizomes akhula ngokuqinile aqala ukuncibilikisa omunye komunye, athelana phakathi, aphazamisa ukukhula okujwayelekile komakhelwane.
Kamuva, ukusika kuka-Agasti-Septhemba we-iris rhizomes kunikeza izitshalo eziningi eziqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala. Ngesikhathi sokusika kukaJuni-Julayi, lapho imbali ingakatshalwa emigqeni yokugcina, iphesenti yezitshalo eziqhakazayo yehla kakhulu.
U-Iris kulula ukusabalalisa ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome.
Indlela yokukhiqiza izinso
Lapho ufuya izinhlobo ezibalulekile zama-irises, kusetshenziswa indlela "yezinso". Kulokhu, isixhumanisi sonyaka sinqunywa ezingxenyeni ezingama-6-6 ukuze ngamunye abe nezinso. Uma izinso zihlala zilutho lwe-rhizome enesisindo esingu-0.5 g, khona-ke ngisho nezinso ezinjalo, ezitshalwe ebhodweni noma ebhokisini le-dive, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokushisa nomswakama, zizokhula zibe yisitshalo esizimele. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, ingaqhuma ngonyaka wesibili. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lokusikwa kutholakala kuma-lateral buds.
Izitshalo ezikhula kusuka ekugcineni ziyaphela futhi ziyaqhakaza ngonyaka wokuqala wezimila, okuyinto engathandeki, ngoba lokhu kubenza bube buthaka.
I-Hybrid iris ingasatshalaliswa ezingxenyeni zama-rhizomes enezinso nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sesikhathi sokukhula, futhi lapho kukhona izindlu zokugcina izithombo nama-rhizomes avunwa kusuka ekwindla, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Kodwa-ke, ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid iris, isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa nokuhlukanisa izihlahla yingxenye yesibili yehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla. Ukutshala sekwephuzile kuyingozi enhlabathini enzima, engeyona eyakheke kahle, ngoba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo izitshalo ezingagxiliwe kahle zidonswa phezulu lapho kubanda futhi kunciphisa inhlabathi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukwamukelwa kokuzala kabusha kwezinso kunesizathu kulezi zimo lapho ngesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke lapho udinga khona ukuthola izitshalo eziningi ngenani elincane lamabhasi esibeletho. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, i-iris isatshalaliswa kangcono ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zezimboni, izingcezu zama-rhizomes ama-irises anezinso atshalwa ekujuleni kuka-3-5 cm ezindaweni ezifihliwe. Ezitshalweni ezitshalwe kabusha, amahlamvu nezimpande kufinyezwa okungenani kwengxenye yesithathu yobude bawo.
Ukujula kokushumeka kahle kwama-iris rhizomes kufanele kube yi-1.5-2 ububanzi bawo. Phakathi kwezitshalo ezikuhlu zilishiya zingama-25- 30, bese kuthi emgqeni- spacings - u-45-50 cm. Ngalesi sitshalo, izitshalo ezikulayini zisondele ngokushesha, zakha imigqa eqhubekayo, ihlukaniswe imigqa. Lokhu kusiza ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi, ukufaka umquba futhi kunciphise umthunzi wezitshalo. Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo ziniselwa kakhulu, lapho kwenziwa khona indawo encane ezungezile. Lapho amanzi egcotshwa enhlabathini futhi indawo yawo yomile kancane, umgodi uyathukululwa futhi ufakwe phakathi ukuze umbhede ubukeke ucocekile kakhudlwana, amaqabunga ezitshalo aphendukela endaweni eyodwa lapho etshala. Kulokhu, indiza iqondiswa ngaphesheya kwezifufula.
Lapho uhlukanisa izihlahla futhi uzidlulisele endaweni entsha, izinhlobonhlobo ze-iris e-hybrid zithola amandla ngonyaka wokuqala, owesibili nakowesithathu - ziyaqhakaza kakhulu, bese kuthi lapho sezithe ukuqina, kancane kancane zinciphise ukuhlobisa.
U-Iris akadingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekileIris I-Care
Bondla izitshalo ngomanyolo wamaminerali izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini. Ukugqoka kokuqala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kokukhula: kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, 1 tbsp. ukhezo we-urea ne-potassium sulfate, usebenzisa amalitha ama-5 wesisombululo ku-1 m2.
Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwama-irises kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwe-budding: ngo-10 l wamanzi, hlanganisa i-1 tbsp. ukhezo "i-Agri-cola yezitshalo eziqhakazayo", i-potassium sulfate. Ngaphambi kokugqoka okuphezulu, ama-irises afafazwa nge-1 stack-on ash yokhuni.
Ukondliwa kwesithathu kwama-irises kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10-15 ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali: kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, hlanganisa u-1 tbsp. ukhezo nitrofoski, "Agricola-7", Umanyolo we-organic "Effekton-DC". Chitha kuze kufike kumalitha ama-5 wekhambi nge-1 m2.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa emhlabathini omanzi ngokuthambekela futhi kuphela engxenyeni yokuqala yehlobo.
Ngokuqala kweziqalo zokuqala, amahlamvu ama-irises anqunywa phakathi, njengalapho etshala. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga aphuzi, ayathenwa. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-peduncle iphulwe ngaphandle. Ngaphambi kobusika, ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa sokuqala, ama-plantings embozwe nge-peat enengqimba engu-10 cm, entwasahlobo iyadonswa ngempela.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-irises
Izinkomo zezinkomo nezasebusika
Lezi izinambuzane eziyingozi zentshebe futhi ikakhulukazi ama-irise aseSiberia. Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, amacimbi we-scoop (Hydraecia micacea) adla iziqu ze-peduncle, ezijika ziphuzi futhi zife. Abakwazi “ukunqamula” izikebhe ezinamandla zezindevu ezinde ezinentshebe, kepha umonakalo abawenzayo wanele ukuthi abahamba ngezinyawo babhajwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amacimbi angalimaza nama-rhizomes (kasatikova scoop (Helotropha leucostigma) kanye nobusika scoop (Agrotis segetum), lapho kuthinteka kalula ukubola kwamagciwane. Ehlobo elomile, ukutshala kwe-iris kuthinta kakhulu ama-scoops.
Izindlela zokulawula: Ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula, kufafazwa ukufafaza kabili (ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-7) nesixazululo se-10% se-malathion.
UGladiolus uyaqhuma
Lesi sinambuzane, esibonakala ngamehlo enyama, senza umonakalo omkhulu. Ubude bomzimba wayo omncane buyi-1-1,5 mm. Ama-thrips ahlala emgodini onamacembe ama-irise acindezelwe kakhulu. Iqabunga elithintekile liphenduka libe nsundu, lome, limbozwe ngamakhaza ansundu. Kula maqabunga, i-photosynthesis iyaphazamiseka, okuthinta kabi ukukhula kwesitshalo sonke, ukubekwa kwezinyawo nezimbali.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, lesi sinambuzane sishintsha sibe izimbali ze-iris, zibangele ukuwohloka nokukhanya kwazo. Ama-buds awaqhakaza kahle, futhi ngomonakalo omkhulu, i-inflorescence ayakheki nhlobo. Ihlobo elishisayo nelomile liyathandeka ekuthuthukiseni igciwane. Kufika ezizukulwaneni eziyi-9 zezinambuzane ezikhula ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe ngesizini.
Izindlela zokulawula: Izitshalo ezithintekile zifafazwa kabili ngesixazululo se-malathion ngokunqunyelwe kwezinsuku eziyi-7. Ungasebenzisa ukumiliselwa ugwayi ukuze ufafaze: 400 g we shag ifakwa izinsuku ezimbili kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, ubunzima, engeza ama-40 g wezingubo noma insipho eluhlaza.
Ngeshwa, i-irises ivame ukulinyazwa izinambuzane.I-Medvedka
Ibhere eningizimu yeRussia iba yingozi enkulu kuma-irises. Isinambuzane esidala sifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-3,5-5. Unamaphiko, imihlathi yophondo eqinile, izigqoko zangaphambili eziqinile ezifakwe ifayili elihlanganisiwe, lapho ibhere inquma khona umhlabathi, kanye nalo ama-rhizomes, izimpande, kanye nezinhlamvu. Lesi sinambuzane sihamba kalula ngaphansi komhlaba, sibhukuda ngokushesha emanzini size sihambe emoyeni. Ukuphambana ebusweni bomhlaba, kuhamba ngokushesha okukhulu. “Ingubo” yesinambuzane ihlala isikhathi eside, ayinamanzi. Inkathazo inikezwe iphunga elimnandi kakhulu lokuhogela.
Izindlela zokulawula:
- Ukuqoqa amaqanda amaningi ngesikhathi sasebusika, akuqede ube yi-powder. Entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokutshala, uthele ufulawa ngamafutha yemifino ngephunga bese ubeka isipuni esisodwa emthonjeni ngamunye. UMedvedka, ngemuva kokunambitha ibheyili, uyafa.
- Thela izinambuzane zomhlaba ngamanzi anensipho (wezipuni ezi-4 zokuhlanza ebhakedeni lamanzi). Ibhere lifela ngaphansi komhlaba, noma liyakhasa libheke phezulu, lapho kulula ukuhlangana khona nokuliqothula.
- Uma utshala ama-marigard emingceleni yesakhiwo, lokhu kuzovimba ukufinyelela kwebhere engadini yakho kusuka endaweni yangakini.
- Ungasusa ibhele ngosizo lokufakwa kwezipho zenkukhu, uzithululele nomhlaba ngesimo sezulu esomile.
Slug
Okokuqala, izibungu zilimaza amaqabunga amaphakathi ethe xaxa esigaxa seqabunga. Ngokuqongelela izinambuzane okuningi, zilimaza amanye amaqabunga. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-irises, amadevu ayathandwa. Izibungu zingasiza ekusakazeni i-bacteriosis. Izigaxa ezingamahlamvu ezithintwe yi-bacteriosis ewele phansi zidla umunyu ngesifiso esikhulu. Iqaqa lapho izitshalo ezinempilo, ama-slugs aphatha i-ejenti yokuqhamuka yalesi sifo.
Izindlela zokulawula: Phakathi kwezitshalo kubekwa amaqabunga e-burdock noma amarabhu amanzi asebenza njengendawo yokukhosela. Ngemuva kwalokho izinambuzane ziyaqoqwa futhi zichithwe. Ungasebenzisa ugwayi (shag) uthuli (4 g / m2), superphosphate (35 g / m2). I-Granular irondehyde yindlela enhle yokulwa nama-slugs. Ama-granules ahlakazeka endaweni eyomile, efudumele kusihlwa noma ekuseni phakathi kwezitshalo (30- 40 g nge-10 m2).
Kwangathi Khrushchev
Izibungu zokugedla amazinyo izimpande nama-rhizomes of irises. Izibungu zikhula iminyaka eminingana. Ngobukhulu obuningi, angatholakala ezinsalela eziphilayo, kumquba. Ngaphambi kokwethula umquba enhlabathini, kufanele uvinjelwe ngesixhobo ngokukhethwa kwezibungu kanye nokubhujiswa kwabo okulandelayo.
I-Wireworm (Nutcracker)
Izibungu zeBhungane zilimaza ama-rhizomes ama-irises, zidla izimbobo nokudlula kuzo, lapho amagciwane, isikhunta lihlala khona, nesitshalo singafa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ibhungane le-nutcracker linomzimba omncane omude ongumbala omnyama, kanti nezinsikazi ezinemizila nazo ziyatholakala. Izibungu zinciphile, zinde, zihlanganisa izingxenye, zinegobolondo eliminyene kakhulu ngombala ophuzi noma onsundu. Ebusika, singene ujule enhlabathini, entwasahlobo ngokushisa kwenhlabathi kuphakama. Ukumba ngokujulile kwenhlabathi kunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwezibungu namabhungane ngokwawo.
Ukuze ulwe nezinambuzane ezinambuzane, ungasebenzisa imidwebo yezitshalo ezihlaselayo:
- Upelepele obomvu obomvu insipho.
- Ungasebenzisa futhi i-pyrethrum - izitshalo ezithutha impova nge-powder noma ugcizelele i-100-200 g kafulawa amahora ayi-10 kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi bese ufafaza ngalesi sixazululo.
Lapho usebenzisa izitshalo ezibulala izinambuzane, njengalapho usebenza ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane, kufanele ulandele imithetho yokuhlanzeka komuntu siqu: vikela umlomo wakho nekhala nge-respirator, geza izandla zakho kahle ngemuva kokwelashwa.
Ukuvimbela ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni - indlela engcono yokuqinisekisa ukuvutha okuphezulu kokuhlobisa phakathi nenkathi yonkeIBacteriosis, noma ukubola okuthambile kwama-rhizomes
Isifo esiyingozi kakhulu sama-irises yi-bacteriosis, noma ukubola okuthambile kwama-rhizomes. Umenzeli obangela lesi sifo yi-bacterium Erwinia aroidea, noma iPseudomonas iridis. Izitshalo ezigulayo ngesikhathi sokukhula zilela ngemuva ekukhuleni. Amaqabunga awo aba nsundu, kusukela kumathiphu, ayoma. I-fan ethintekile yamahlamvu amaqabunga, amaqabunga avela kuwo adonswa kalula, bese ekugcineni iwela emhlabathini. Iziqu ezithintekile zinephunga elingajabulisi. Ukujikeleza kusakazekela ngaphakathi kwethanga, okubhujiswa ngokuphelele, kuphenduke inqwaba emhlophe enephunga elimnandi. Isitshalo siyafa. Igobolondo eliyisihlenga lihlala linjalo.
Izindlela zokulawula: Lapho silwa nokubola kwamagciwane, izitshalo ezigulayo ziyalahlwa. Lapho ufakelwa, izindawo ezithintekile zama-rhizomes zisikwa ngommese obukhali kwezicubu ezinempilo futhi zifafazwe ngamalahle achotshoziwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-rhizomes afakwa ku-0.5% potanganum permanganate solution imizuzu engama-30 noma kumiswe isikhashana (0,2-0,5%) ihora. Ama-Rhizomes kufanele avikeleke ekuqothulweni kweqhwa kanye nokulimala kwemishini. Kubalulekile ukubhubhisa izinambuzane - abathwali balesi sifo.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuguquka kwesiko kanye nokubuya kwama-irises endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni emva kweminyaka engama-4-5.
Silindele izeluleko zakho zokukhulisa le mbali enhle, kanye nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane zezinqe!
