Isithsaba esimangalisayo sikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika nase-Australia. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eMadagascar. Lesi sitshalo sikhula sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ubude, iziqu ngesimo semivini emihle ziboshwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza cirrus. Izimbali ze-Passiflora zikhipha iphunga elimnandi futhi zifane nenkanyezi. IPassiflora ihunyushwa ngokuthi imbali yokuhlupheka, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi isithokothoko.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-passionflower
IPassiflora (lat. Passiflora) ingeyezimbali zothando futhi izinhlobo ezingama-500 ziyaziwa kuze kube manje. Akunakwenzeka ukuthola inani eliqondile, ngoba izitshalo eziningi zisezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka e-Amazon. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezijwayelekile kakhulu yilezi:
Isithasazi esikhulu -ubizwa kanjalo ngenxa yamaqabunga amakhulu afinyelela ku-20 cm ubukhulu.
Faka umzimba Pasiflora - Kuhlukaniswa ukumelana nesithwathwa. Izimbali zemithunzi ehlukahlukene - mhlophe, onsomi, mpunga.
Passiflora Banana -Ihlukahluka ngezimbali ezibomvu ezifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-12. Izithelo ziyadliwa. Ungayisebenzisa hhayi kuphela eluhlaza, kepha futhi iyenziwa. Isitshalo sithela izithelo kahle futhi isivuno siningi minyaka yonke.
Isithambisi esinamaphiko - Ibizwa nangokuthi isithelo sothando saseBrazil. Idume ngezimbali zayo eziwolintshi ezinama-stamens amade. Izithelo zesitshalo zikhulu futhi zinamakha.
Isithambisi se-Blue - Kuhluka ngezimbali ezingama-lilac angashintshi, ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-10 cm. Izithelo zingamajikijolo e-orange.
Lavivorous Passiflora - hluka ngamaqabunga afana ne-laurel, kepha makhulu kakhulu.
IPassiflora - ukukhula nokukhathalela isitshalo ekhaya
Emvelweni, i-passionflower ikhula ngokushesha, kepha ekhaya ukukhula kwayo kuyancipha. Kepha ngokunakekelwa okufanele ekhaya, izimbali ziyaqhakaza ezihlahleni, ngisho nezithelo zizokwakheka. Umhlobiso oyinhloko wesitshalo izimbali ezinhle ezinhle, kungenxa yazo ukuthi i-passionflower yaziswa kakhulu. Kepha izimbali ziphila ngosuku kuphela, ngakho-ke kufanele unakekele inani elikhulu kakhulu lazo efihlelweni.
Ukukhanya nokushisa
Lesi sitshalo sisebenzisa i-thermophilic futhi sizizwa sikhululekile kakhulu ekushiseni kwe +25. Kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngeke akhule aqhakaze. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa elilungile lizoba ngu-+15. Into esemqoka ukuthi akufanele kube noshintsho lokushisa, uma kungenjalo amaqabunga azoqala ukujika aphuzi futhi omile, futhi nenombolo yama-buds izokwehla kakhulu.
Ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokudlulisela isitshalo ehlobo emoyeni omusha ukuze ukukhanya okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka kungene kuma-passiflora. Isitshalo sizizwa sikhulu ngaphansi kwethonya lemisebe eqondile yelanga futhi size sizwe nesidingo sazo.
Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuthatha lesi sitshalo usise kuvulandi noma engadini, usinikele emafasiteleni anamawindi kwicala eliseningizimu. IPassiflora ngeke iqhume emthunzini, noma ngabe ngeke iphazamise ubuningi bamaqabunga aluhlaza.
Ukugcwala komhlaba nenhlabathi ephezulu
Ukukhula kahle kwezitshalo kudinga inhlabathi evundile nethambile. Ingxube yomhlaba kufanele ibe ne-peat, turf umhlaba nesihlabathi. Ungasebenzisa ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo yokwenza i-begonias. Ngaphansi kwembiza kumbozwe ungqimba lwamanzi wezingcezu zegwebu ngokufakwa kwe-perlite. Amadamu athengwa kangcono esitolo sezimbali.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Lesi sitshalo sivundiswa kathathu ngenyanga. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa hhayi kuphela i-organic top dress, kodwa futhi nokuqedelwa izakhiwo zamaminerali. Ngendlela, ngaphambi kokugqoka, kufanele unisele isitshalo empeleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba nezimpande ezomile kusuka ekungenisweni kukamanyolo zingathinteka.
Ukunisela nomswakama
IPassiflora isitshalo esishisayo ngakho-ke idinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Futhi umoya kufanele ube nomswakama ophezulu.
- Ehlobo, nisela kaningana ngesonto.
- Inhlabathi kumele ibe manzi.
- Ngenkathi ebandayo, ukuthambisa kuyancishiswa.
Kusihlwa, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa ngamanzi at lokushisa lasekamelweni. Ehlobo ungageza, kepha lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho ungazilimaza iziqu.
Izihlahla
Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-passiflora ayinqunywa, kufanele yakheke. Ngemuva kwalokho inqubo iba yimpoqo futhi yenziwa entwasahlobo. Ukuthena kubaluleke kakhulu ebukhoneni besitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokusoka, imithetho ethile kumele ihlonishwe:
- Amahlumela aqinile kumele ashiywe ngemuva.
- Phusha amahlumela amasha.
- Amagatsha apical futhi akhulayo ngaphansi kwesiqu kudingeka aqedwe.
- Amagatsha abolile futhi awomile asuswa ngokwemvelo.
- Izingcezu kufanele ziphathwe nge-potassium permanganate.
Ukufakelwa
Kungcono ukuthi udlulise ama-passiflora amasha njalo ngonyaka. Izitshalo zabantu abadala zenza le nqubo ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu. Amandla akhethiwe ububanzi
Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-passionflower. Uma izingxenye ezibolile zikhona, qiniseka ukuzisusa ngommese ohlanjululwe. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka ukuthi kungasakazeki, udinga ukukunquma ngokuthwebula indawo enempilo, amasentimitha amabili. Izilayi zicutshungulwa nekhambi le-potanganum permanganate.
Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngesigaxa sangaphambilini sobumba, kepha amanzi kufanele avuselelwe.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Passiflora
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokusakaza: ukusika kanye nembewu. Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu zayo.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika
Ochwepheshe batusa ukuqhuba le ntwasahlobo lapho kuvela amahlumela amasha. Ama-cutways kufanele asikwe ngamasentimitha amahlanu ukusuka ezingxenyeni, futhi akhethwe kusuka amahlumela aphakathi.
Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ama-cuttings abe namabili amaqabunga futhi, iphuzu lokukhula. Amaqabunga aphansi ayasuswa, futhi isilayisi kufanele siphathwe nomenzeli we-rooting. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-cutways akafuni ukuthatha izimpande, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise isishukumisi ukusheshisa ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande.
Esitsheni esinezendlalelo zangaphambi kokulungiswa kwamanzi, uthele inhlabathi enosawoti nge-humus. Izimbobo zenziwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi lapho kufakwa khona izihlahla zokusika. Amaqabunga ambalwa esibambweni kufanele abe sezingeni lomhlabathi. Inhlabathi iyathululelwa bese kwenziwa i-greenhouse ngesimo se-arch embozwe ifilimu yepulasitiki. Kufanele isuswe nsuku zonke imizuzu embalwa ukuze unike umoya wokusika. Kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama. Ukumpande ngempumelelo, izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe lingama-degrees angama-20. Ngemuva kwenyanga, i-coating iyasuswa kusuka ku-cuttings, futhi lapho iba namandla, ingadluliselwa enhlabathini eyinhloko yesitshalo.
Ukubamba imbala kuvunyelwe emanzini. Kufakwe ucezu lwamalahle ethangini lamanzi bese kufakwa isitofu kuwo. Amanzi awadingi ukushintshwa. Vele ulinde izimpande zivele. Inqubo ithatha izinyanga ezimbili.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukuhlwanyela kuvame ukwenziwa ngoMashi. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokusebenzisa imbewu esitshalweni sakho, lapho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukuthi izinga lokuhluma kwembewu entsha licishe libe ngama-30%, kuthi ngonyaka wokugcina - kube u-1% kuphela. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthenga imbewu kumthengisi onedumela elihle.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ilungiselelwe:
- Isikali siyaqhubeka. I-Sandpaper yephula ubuqotho bejazi lembewu ukuze ikhule ngokushesha.
- Imbewu ifakwe izinsuku ezimbalwa kubisi noma ujusi wewolintshi. Imbewu esele ebusweni ilahliwe ngoba ayisebenzi.
Imbewu evuvukele ibekwa phansi emhlabathini futhi ifakwe kalula. Ukuze kuhlume ngempumelelo, kudingeka umswakama wamaphesenti ayikhulu. Ngakho-ke, isitsha, esimbozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi, sifaka ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhanyayo futhi sigcine ukushisa kwama-degrees angama-25. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ukugoqa kuyasuswa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukunikeza amahlumela ngokukhanya okwengeziwe kwemini. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga, ayabiwa, okungukuthi, atshalwe kwesinye isitsha esinomhlabathi omusha. Lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa isitshalo nokukhula kwezimpande.
Ukukhula nge-passiflora enezinqubo inqubo ende. Amahlumela alinda kuze kube unyaka.
Izifo zePassiflora nezinambuzane
Isitshalo siyawathanda amanzi, kepha ukuthambisa ngokweqile kubangela izifo zokukhunta. Amaqabunga aqala ukubuna, amabala avela kuwo. Ukuze ulondoloze i-passiflora, ukwelashwa kokubulala ukhunta nokuqukethwe owomile kuyadingeka.
Ngenxa yokunisela okungafanele, uhlelo lwezimpande luzoqala ukubola. Ngakho-ke, amahlumela kufanele asikwe futhi ahlelwe futhi. Uma isiqu sesivele sibolile, kuzodingeka usike izingxenye ezinempilo uzisebenzise ukusika.
Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ziheha amaqabunga amnandi. Ukuba khona kwama-parasites kungabonakala kusuka esimweni esicindezelekile sombali: iba mnyama, amaqabunga awele. Ama-insecticides noma isixazululo sensipho asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ezimweni zezifo ezithathelwanayo ezifana ne-passiflora enjenge-izimpande bola noma isibazi, isitshalo asikwazi ukwelapheka. Isitshalo kanye nembiza kufanele kubhujiswe ukuze kuqedwe ingozi yokutheleleka kwezinye izimbali zasendlini.
Ukubonakala kokuvilapha kwesitshalo akuhlali kukhombisa izifo. Kwesinye isikhathi udinga nje ukulungisa izimo zokuboshwa kanti nembali izophinda ijabulise iso. Futhi ama-buds angaguquki akhombisa ukuntuleka kwezakhi emhlabathini.
Izici eziwusizo nezokwelapha ze-passionflower
Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha:
- I-syrup ikhonjiswa ezigulini ezinomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- Ukwehluleka kwemifino kuqedwa nge-tincture.
- Kuqeda ukuqwasha.
- Yehlisa i-neurasthenia.
Abelaphi bendabuko basebenzisa i-passiflora ekwelapheni uphuzo oludakayo.
UPassiflora kade kwaziwa mayelana namandla okuphulukisa. Itiye eliphuma kulesi sitshalo linomphumela wokuyenga. Izidakamizwa eziningi ze-passiflora zijwayela ukulala, futhi ngemuva kokuvuka akukho miphumela emibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-passionflower ithuthukisa i-potency kanye nokusebenza. Inezindawo ezilwa nokuvuvukala nezama-analgesic. Kusetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni umlutha wezidakamizwa.
Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngamalungiselelo kusuka ku-passionflower ayikho imiphumela emibi futhi akukho ukulutha. Ngezinhloso zokwelapha, kuphela izingxenye ezingaphezulu ze-passiflora ezifanele. Buthana ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza bese womile kahle emoyeni.
