Izilokazane ze-Apple nezindlela zokulawula

Ingxenye 1. Izifo zokukhunta nezigciwane zezihlahla ze-apula
Ingxenye 2. Ukuvikela isihlahla sama-apula ekutheleleni amagciwane
Ingxenye 3. Izilokazane ze-Apple - izindlela zokulawula

Sebenza ekuvikeleni izihlahla zama-apula ezinambuzaneni zingahlukaniswa ngokwezimali kube:

ekwindla-ubusika
entwasahlobo-ehlobo.

Isihlahla se-Apple

Umsebenzi we-Autumn-ebusika ukuvikela izihlahla zama-apula ezinambuzaneni

Izinambuzane eziningi ebusika enhlabathini. Abanye bacasha ngamaqabunga awile nakhula. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi engaphansi kwezihlahla zama-apula iyakhululwa ukhula namaqabunga awile, izithelo ezazithisiwe. Benza umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium futhi bawumbele 10 cm cm, ukuze bangalimazi uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla.

Ebusika, izinambuzane eziphambili ezisebenzayo zingamagundane, amahawu kanye nelanga elikhanyayo.

Ukusindisa iziqu ekushisweni ngezinsuku zasebusika (ikakhulukazi izihlahla ezincane zama-apula), zenziwa mhlophe ngekhambi likalamula elisanda kufakwa ngodaka nobumba. I-Copper sulfate ne-glue ifakwa engxube yokunamathela okungcono. Ungangeza noma yikuphi ukulungiswa kwe-insecticidal and fungicidal kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ezihlahleni ezindala, kufakwa amabhande okuzingela endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30- 40, ukuwafaka esiqwini ngeglue ekhethekile yesikhonyane, engoma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Gcoba ngama-30-40 cm esiqu kanye namagatsha anohlaka lwamathambo ngoMashi-Ephreli. Izinambuzane eziphaphamile zinamathela esisekelweni se-glue bese ziyafa, kufaka phakathi izintuthwane.
Ukusuka kokwehluka kobusika nasehlobo kwentwasahlobo okushisa okubangela ukuqhekeka kwamagxolo amasha, avala eningizimu, kuthi esifundeni esiphakathi nesenyakatho, iziqu zezihlahla ezincane zama-apula zifakwe nge-ruberoid, burlap nezinye izinto. Ezitshalweni ezincane, indawo yokukhosela ihlanganisa isiqu namagatsha wamathambo (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufinyelele phezulu).
Ebusika, amagundane enza kusebenze izinambuzane zawo. Balimaza uhlelo lwezimpande, gnaw amagxolo amasha. Amanxeba ayatheleleka, umuthi uyagula futhi kancane kancane ufe. Kusuka ekwindla, amagundane kumele afakwe ubuthi. Ibheji elinobuthi lilungiswa kusuka engxube yanoma iyiphi imbewu yokusanhlamvu nekajongilanga. Faka kungxube engu-50-70 g kawoyela we-sunflower (kuthuthukisa ukunamathela), u-70-100 g we-rat ushevu noma esinye isidakamizwa esinobuthi, hlanganisa ngokuphelele bese ulala e-mink noma endaweni ngemuva kwe-3-4 m. Okusanhlamvu okunobuthi kufanele kumbozwe ngopulasitiki osindayo, insimbi, uyafa ngokhuni (ukuze umoya ungavuthelwa umoya) ukuvikela izinyoni.
Ebusika, ngemuva kwamaqhwa eqhwa ejwayelekile, udinga ukunyathela iqhwa elizungeze imibuthano yesiqu. Lo mcimbi uzokwehlisa ukutholakala kwamagundane ezitshalweni ezingadini.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ama-hares avele, okuthi ebusika kudale umonakalo omkhulu, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni ezincane. Banqoba kalula ukugoqa kokufudumeza futhi babambe amagxolo amancane. Ukuvikelwa ekuqasheni amahhashi - igridi kaRabitsa, egqoke ngesembozo ngaphezulu kokufakwa okungenani kumitha eyi-1 ukuphakama. Ukusuka ngezansi, inetha kufanele limbiwe emhlabathini.

Umuthi omncanyana odliwa amahashe. © Karl Foord

Ingadi ngayinye kufanele ibe nama-feeders, izindlu zokugcina izinyoni, ukuheha izinyoni. Banikeza usizo olukhulu ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo-ukuvikela izihlahla zama-apula ezinambuzaneni

Entwasahlobo, ingadi inomsebenzi omkhulu kunayo yonke. Isikhathi esifushane, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi omningi engadini nokulungisa izitshalo zasengadini zemifino.

Izindlela ezijwayelekile nezivimbelayo

Hlola izihlahla zama-apula futhi. Sisusa izidleke ezihlakazekile ngezinambuzane, sisusa iziqu zemithi zamagxolo aqabayo, sivale izimbobo nokuqhekeka ebhokisini, sinqume abamhlophe noma sipende ngaphezulu ngopende.
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esishisayo esifudumele, sisusa ukufakwa, siphathe izinto ezisetshenzisiwe ngamalungiselelo okubhubhisa izinambuzane nezifo, sizifake egumbini kuze kube ukuwa.
Sisusa amabhande okudoba futhi sishise. Ukuvikela iziqu zezihlahla zisetshenziswa, amagatsha anamathambo kanye neziqu zezihlahla ezincane zama-apula elangeni elivuthayo lasentwasahlobo, siphinda ukuphindaphindeka kwethu ngokungeza ama-dichlorvos, i-BI-58 nezinye eziheha izinambuzane. Esikhundleni selamula, kungcono ukusebenzisa ushoko, i-emulsion yamanzi noma ezinye izinto ezingeke zidale ukushiswa kwamagxolo asemasha kuya emithini emincane emapulangwe. Kumxube wokufaka umbala omhlophe, ungangeza i-nitrofen ngesilinganiso se-200 g ngebhakede lamanzi. Umuthi uyasebenza ngokulwa namaqanda ebusika bezinambuzane. Kusetshenziswe ikhambi elifanayo ukwelapha umqhele wezihlahla ze-apula ngaphambi kokukhula.
Ngemuva kokugcotshwa umhlophe, sisebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile ye-anti-track futhi silungisa amabhande amasha okuzingela, sibaphatha ngemithi yokubulala izinambuzane. Izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane zizofa ngamabhande okuzingela nasendleleni yokunamathela. Entwasahlobo sithatha indawo yamabhande okuzingela futhi ezinsukwini eziyi-10-12. Kusetshenzisiwe kuyashisa.
Ngokuqala kokushisa, ukusabalalisa ifilimu ngaphansi komqhele wesihlahla esingenamaqabunga, thinta amagatsha ezihlahla ngesigxobo eside. At lokushisa of + 6 + 9ºС, weevils obukhulu kusukela kumakhaza futhi sawflies uzofafaza on the udoti. Kusalokhu ukuqoqa nokuqothula izinambuzane. Umsebenzi owenziwayo uzosiza ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lezinambuzane engadini.

Iziqu zemvelo zasentwasahlobo ezihlanjiwe zemithi yama-apula. © NPS

Izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezihlahleni zama-apula

Izinambuzane ngokwendlela yokulimaza izitshalo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-2: ukuncela nokuququda.

To izinambuzane ezincelayo zifaka lezo ezinhlala ezitshalweni futhi zincela ujusi ngokusebenzisa ama-punctures, okwehlisa isiko lokudla okujwayelekile (ama-aphid, imikhaza, izinambuzane ezikalwa ngezimpukane, izimpukane zamaqabunga, amakhokho, amaphenti).

Gnawing izinambuzane yidla ngamaqabunga, ama-ovari, ama-buds, izimbali, amahlumela amasha nezimpande. Ukudla izitho ezincane zemifino nokuzala, kubangela ukulimala okungalinganiseli ezitshalweni. Leli qembu lifaka izibungu zezimvemvane ezahlukahlukene, amabhungane e-weevil, ama-nutcrackers, i-barbel, amabhungane kaMay, njll.

Izinambuzane ezihlanyayo (ama-aphid, izimpukane zamaqabunga, i-tinnitsa), zikhiqiza kabusha ngentshiseko, zakha ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo amakoloni amakhulu, ngama-epiphytoties amboza amaqabunga amancane, amahlumela aluhlaza namapheshana aqhakaza ezingxenyeni eziningana. Njengomphumela womsebenzi obalulekile wekoloni lezinambuzane, "amazolo oju" ahlukanisiwe. Uketshezi olumnandi ngukudla okuthandayo kwezintuthwane nomhlaba omuhle wokuzalela ama-saprophytes. Izintuthwane, ezondla amazolo oju, ngokuzithandela zingabathwali bezifo eziningi zokukhunta.

Isicupho sezilokazane ezinambuzane. © Amy Grant

Ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izibungu ze-aphid zinamathela kuma-aphid nasezinhlanzini, futhi ngemuva kokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezihlahla zama-apula, izibungu zesilo sokubhuqa kanye nomqhele obonakalayo kuvela emaqanda abekwe. Ziyahamba amahlumela amasha omqhele bese zidla kumajusi wezitshalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, izitshalo ezincane zingafa, kanti nasezinhlakulela ezindala ezithela izithelo, amagatsha omuntu ngamunye ayoma.

Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ezincelayo ezihlahleni zama-apula

Izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ezincelayo zihlukaniswe ngama-agrotechnical (kwaxoxwa ngazo esihlokweni ngenhla), amakhemikhali kanye nabantu. Sesha izinambuzane ezithile zenkathazo ngayinye akusebenzisi imali futhi kunenkinga ngokungadingekile. Amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali wesenzo esisezingeni elifanelekile kubo. Kutholakala izicubu zesiko, zona, kanye nesithako esinobuthi sezitshalo, zingena emathunjini ezinambuzane futhi zibangele ukufa kwazo.

Uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ngokumelene nezinambuzane ezincelayo

Amakhemikhali adinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ekwelapheni isitshalo kudingekile ngokuhambisana nezincomo nemiyalo. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukugcina isikhathi sokucubungula, ngemuva kwalokho izithelo zingasetshenziswa ekudleni. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenza ngezingubo zokuzivikela, esimweni sezulu ezolile, kangcono kumaskandi wegesi. Ngemuva kokuqeda umsebenzi, shintsha izingubo bese ugeza.

Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, sifafaza isiqu kanye nomqhele wesihlahla samaapula nge-nitrophene. Silungisa isisombululo sisebenzisa ama-200 g wesidakamizwa ebhakheni lamanzi ngalinye. INitrofen ibhubhisa amaqanda ezinambuzane abekwe ezithweni zezitshalo ezivela ekwindla.
Kuyasebenza futhi ngaphambi kokufafaza izinso ngokufafaza ngesisombululo se-DNOC nge-100 g nge-10 l lamanzi.
Esigabeni sokuvuvukala kwezinso, ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze ngengxube yethangi yeHOM neFufanon, ngokuya ngesincomo esinamathiselwe.
Ezidakamizweni ezihlelekile ezichitha imgudu yesisu yokuncela izinambuzane, zisebenza kakhulu ngokumelene nazo zonke izinhlobo zama-aphid, izimpukane zamaqabunga, umhlaza wamakhoma, amabala angamanga, i-rovikurt, ikarbofos, i-benzophosphate.

Ingxube yokubambelela ukuvikela izihlahla ezinambuzaneni

Kukhishwe izidakamizwa ezintsha ezisebenza ngokuzikhethela kulo lonke iqembu lezinambuzane ezincelayo:

Ilanga linconyelwe ukusetshenziselwa ukumelana nemikhaza namhlophe ngokumhlophe kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwesihlahla seapula;
Nisaran, Borneo ubhubhise hhayi izibungu kuphela, kodwa futhi amaqanda inkathazo. Lapho ukucubungula izihlahla kungathatha isikhundla se-nitrofen;
styrap isebenza ngqo ngokumelana nesigcawu;
i-actara, imfihlo isabalalisa ngempumelelo ama-aphid;
I-Mospilan nodumo yizidakamizwa ezilandelanayo nezenzo zokuxhumana futhi zonakalisa amaqanda, izibungu nezinambuzane zabantu abadala.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo yokulwa nezinambuzane ezincelayo

Ekhaya, kungcono ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo wezinto eziphilayo (i-bioinsecticides) ukuvikela izihlahla zama-apula ezinambuzaneni. Akunangozi kumalungu omndeni, ezifuyweni nasezinambuzaneni ezizuzisayo (izinyosi). Zingasetshenziswa cishe kuze kuphele inkathi yokukhula, kufaka phakathi nokuvuna.

Isisekelo se-bioinsecticides amasiko aphilayo we-microflora ezuzisayo, lapho inqubo yokuphila ibhubhisa izinambuzane, ihlala emzimbeni wayo.

Kuma-bioinsecticides ekwelapheni izitshalo, i-boverin, i-phytoverm, i-actofit, i-bitoxibacillin, i-lepidocide ne-bicol aqashelwa njengempumelelo kakhulu. Imithamo nezikhathi zokwelashwa zikhonjiswa umuthi ngamunye kwizincomo nemiyalo ehambisanayo. Kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi i-bioinsecticides ihlanganiswa kalula neminye imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, okunciphisa umthwalo esihlahleni ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ama-aphid nama-whiteflies abhubhisa ngempumelelo i-verticillin.
I-Bitoxibacillin ne-bicol ngokushesha isebenza kuma-aphid kanye nezindawo zesicabucabu.

Ama-Bioinsecticides ane-systemic nethintwayo yokuxhumana. Zibangela ukufa kwezinambuzane ezincelayo futhi ngasikhathi sinye, zinempahla yohlobo lwe-neurotoxin, zibangele ukukhubazeka nokufa kwezindlela zabantu abadala. Ama-Bioinsecticides anesikhathi esifushane sokuchayeka ezinambuzaneni futhi adinga ukusetshenziswa njalo kwezidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, impilo ibiza kakhulu!

Gnawing izinambuzane esihlahleni se-apula

Ngokungafani nezinambuzane ezincelayo, izinsensane zilimaza izihlahla zama-apula, zisebenzisa izitho zokuzala kanye nezokuzala ekudleni. Leli qembu lifaka amabhungane, amabhungane ezinso, amabhungane wezimbali, amabhungane amaqabunga, ama-weevil, ama-nutcrackers, ama-barbel. Ama-codling moths abheka ukulimala kwezithelo, kanti izimvemvane eziningi zingabakhiqizi abaphambili bezimbungulu ezingabhubhisa isivuno ngesikhathi esifushane. Iningi lezilokazane lizala imfucuza yezilimo uqobo (izithelo eziqoshiwe, amaqabunga awile, izingxenye zamagatsha ngokuthena, amagxolo, njll.) Ngesimo sabantu abadala noma amaqanda, lapho izibungu, izibungu zibulala izinhlaka zezitshalo emva kwazo kwentwasahlobo nokushisa .

Izindlela zokuzivikela ezinambuzaneni ezigayayo

Amakhemikhali

Ukuvikela ezilwanyaneni eziququda, lawo makhemikhali afanayo asetshenziswa njengabamele abamele - i-kalbofos, i-benzophosphate, i-actara, i-decis, i-fastak.

I-Trichloromethaphos inconyelwa ngokuqondile ngokumelene ne-sawflies kanye ne-moth moth. Kanye neminye imishanguzo emelana ne-codling moth, iRovikurt neZolon ziyasebenza.

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo

Emkhiqizweni webhayoloji, ophambili yi-phytoverm ye-bio-insecticide. Ngokusho komthelela wokukhetha kwezinambuzane, i-actophyte, i-aversectin-C, i-avertin-N isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ngokumelene nama-nematode, amacimbi asezingeni zokuqala zokukhula, imikhaza.

Ukunaka!
Onke amakhemikhali anengozi ephezulu empilweni yabantu.
Izidakamizwa ezintsha zingasetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zethangi (ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kuyadingeka).
Imikhiqizo eminingi yezinto eziphilayo ingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokwelashwa ngama-insecticides amakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kukhawulelwe ngesikhathi. Ukwelashwa kokugcina akufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokubekwa kwezithelo noma inyanga ngaphambi kokuvunwa.

Ukubeka izingibe ze-bio ezihlahleni zama-apula

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngobuningi bamacala, ama-insecticides afanayo, womabili amakhemikhali nawokuzalwa, asetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ezincelayo nezishunqayo. Kuyaqabukela, izihlahla zama-apula zithintwa uhlobo olulodwa lwesifo, ngakho-ke, usebenzisa umuthi obhekiswe kumuntu oyedwa, uvikela izihlahla ze-apula kokunye. Isimo esikhulu sokuvikelwa okusebenzayo ukufezekiswa okunembile kwemiyalo nezincomo zokusetshenziswa kwazo.