Isitshalo esikhulu esinamandla se-galtonia (Galtonia), esibizwa nangokuthi yi-Cape hyacinth, simela umndeni wezinwele. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yiCape of Good Hope. UGaltonia waqanjwa ngemuva komhloli wamazwe waseNgilandi wezitshalo zaseNingizimu Afrika, uFrancis Galton. EYurophu, le mbali ikhule njengesitshalo esidala ukuqhakaza kusukela ngeminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa yekhulu le-19. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ze-haltonia, noma kunjalo, abalimi ikakhulukazi balima kuphela 1 - mhlophe noma mhlophe.
Izici zeGaltonia
Ukuphakama kwe-haltonia kungahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-1.5 m. Ama bulics amakhulu ama-conical abe ne-concave phansi. Amapuleti amaqabunga angenalutho anombala ongaphezulu omile okotshwe ngebhande. Ukuphakama kwesiqu sezimbali cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-100; kuphethe ukwehla okuphelele kwesimo sezinhlanga, okuqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe ezivulekile ezingenakubonakala kwe-tubular-funnel perianth. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Izithelo ibhokisi elincane elinemibala emithathu elakhiwe ngesimo se-cylindrical. Ngaphakathi ebhokisini kunenamba enkulu yembewu yesimo esingunxantathu esingunxantathu futhi simnyama.
Ukufakwa kweLaltonia endaweni evulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ukuze i-galtonia ikhule futhi ikhule ngokujwayelekile engadini, umuntu kufanele aqondiswe yizimo zemvelo ajwayelekile kuye. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sasebusika ezintabeni zaseCaspian kuyabanda futhi komile, futhi ehlobo - elimanzi nelifudumele. Kulokhu, ekutshaleni lesi sitshalo, umuntu kufanele athole isiza lapho kungeke kube khona ukumiswa kwamanzi okuncibilikisa entwasahlobo. Uma kunethuba elinjalo, vele utshale i-haltonium endaweni enamatye enelanga eningizimu engadini. Le mbali ingatshalwa zombili ezindaweni ezinokhanyayo futhi obomvana. Inhlabathi ilula, i-acidic kancane, icwengekile kahle, icutshungulwa ngokujulile, futhi i-humus kumele ifakwe kuyo.
IHaltonia kufanele itshalwe entwasahlobo kuphela ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ifudumele kahle (kusukela ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Mashi kuya ku-Meyi). Uma ufisa, ungalawula isikhathi sezimbali salesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, ama angatshalwa kancane ekuqaleni noma kamuva. Futhi, isikhathi sezimbali sithintwa ukuthi isibani sizongcwatshwa kangakanani emhlabathini.
Ungatshala kanjani
Lapho ukhetha izinto zokutshala esitolo, zihlole ngokucophelela. Khumbula ukuthi phansi akufanele kube yisikhunta, ukubola noma izimpawu zokuthambisa. Ngokuqondene ne-bulb, kufanele ibe nokunwebeka futhi ibe mnene.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama, zingatshalwa, lapho-ke i-haltonia iyaqhakaza emavikini ama-4 ngaphambili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngo-Ephreli, ama-bulbs kufanele abekwe egumbini elifudumele nelikhanyiswe kahle. Okokuqala, baphathwa ngesixazululo sikhunta, bese babekwa endaweni enokhanyo kahle, kepha ungakhohlwa ukuvikela impahla yokutshala elangeni ngqo. Lapho kuvela amahlumela, ama-bulbs azodinga ukutshala izimbiza, lapho kufanele kube khona izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi. Ngokutshala, sebenzisa inhlabathi engadini evulekile. Ungakhohlwa, watshala ama ngezikhathi ezithile namanzi. Ukutshala lezi zinhlamvu enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kubhekwane nakho ngoMeyi, kuyilapho izitshalo kufanele zitshalwe kanye nenqwaba yomhlaba.
Ubunzulu lapho bulb kufanele itshalwe khona kuya ngosayizi wayo (ama bulbs amakhulu atshalwe ujule), futhi angahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-18 kuye kwangama-22. Phakathi kwezihlahla zilandelana, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga lamamitha ayi-0.3. Uma kwenzeka kungabekwa manzi ngaphansi kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi, khona-ke inhlabathi eyingcwebe eyakhiwe kahle kufanele ithululelwe emgodini ngamunye ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthulula umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali kuwo. Uma udaba lwe-organic lungangezwanga enhlabathini ngesikhathi sokumba, khona-ke inhlanganisela eyodwa yomquba noma i-humus nayo izodinga ukungezwa emthonjeni ngamunye.
Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi.
Ukunakekela iGaltonia Engadini
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-haltonia iyisitshalo esingumdabu esivela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika, lapho isikhulelwe maphakathi nethambeka, ukuyinakekela kulula kakhulu. It, njengezinye izitshalo eziningi zasengadini, zizodinga ukuniselwa ngendlela yesikhathi esifanele, ukhula, ukondla futhi ungakhohlwa ukukhulula umhlabathi wenhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, lesi sitshalo esinjalo kufanele sinikezwe ukuthambisa okuningi, amahora angama-24 emva kwawo, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi, ngasikhathi sinye kudedele lonke ukhula. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuthambisa kufanele kube kuningi.
Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, ama-haltonia adinga ukondliwa kuphela amahlandla ama-1 noma ama-2 futhi ngalokhu asebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali wezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Kwezinye izimo, ama-peduncle aphezulu adinga i-garter yokusekela. Lapho zonke izimbali sezitshaliwe, i-peduncle kufanele isikwe ukuze inganciphisi amandla ku-bulb.
Endaweni efanayo, imbali enjalo ingatshalwa iminyaka emi-4 noma emi-5, ngenkathi yakha amathanga aminyene.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi lapho ukutshala lesi sitshalo kuhlinzekwe nge-drainage enhle, lokhu kusho ukuthi ivikelekile ngokwethembekile ezifweni zokukhunta. Uma isimo sezulu simanzi, khona-ke i-haltonia ingalimaza iminenke kanye nama-slugs. Ngenhloso yokuvimbela, kunconywa ukufafaza umlotha wezinkuni ebusweni bendawo. Uma usabona ama-gastropod emahlathini, bese uwaqoqa ngesandla.
Ngemuva kwezimbali
IGaltonia ibonakala ngokumelana nesithwathwa esiphakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala esifundeni esinobusika obuhle impela, khona-ke ebusika awukwazi ukukhipha ama-bulbs aso, kepha kufanele ambozwe ngensimbi (kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20) ka-Peat noma sawdust, okumele imbozwe ngamaqabunga omisiwe noma ngamagatsha e-fir spruce. Ukulungiselela i-haltonia ebusika, kufanele ukhethe usuku olomile.
Uma esifundeni lapho kukhule khona i-haltonia, ubusika buqandekile noma kungenamakhaza kakhulu, khona-ke ezinsukwini zokugcina zika-Okthoba noma ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaNovemba, kubalulekile ukususa ama-bulb emhlabathini. Zomile endaweni enomoya omuhle wezinsuku eziyi-7, kanti amahlamvu avela kumazinga awadingi ukusikwa. Lapho ama womisa, usike amahlamvu lawo abe ngu-20 mm ukusuka entanyeni ye-bulb; izimpande azikwazi ukususwa. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-bulbs azodinga ukuthi omiswe amanye amasonto angama-1-1,5 ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangcwatshwa esihlabathini esomile noma ku-peat ukuze bangathinti omunye komunye, futhi bahlanzwe endaweni epholile eyomile (ukusuka ku-10 kuye ku-15 degrees) ukuze kugcinwe. Uma kwenzeka kuba no-anyanisi abambalwa, bangagcinwa esiqandisini ngokuwabeka eshalofini lemifino, kodwa kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi angancitshiswa lapho.
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokutshala i-haltonia enhlabathini evulekile, ungahlukanisa izidleke zamabhulebhu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-haltonia ngezithombe namagama
I-Whitish Galtonia (Galtonia candicans) noma i-Whitening Galtonia (iHyacinthus candicans)
Lesi sitshalo se-perennial ukuphakama asidluli amasentimitha ayi-150. Ububanzi bezinhlamvu buba amasentimitha ayi-7, ambozwe inani elikhulu lezikali ezomile ze-membranous. Amapuleti weqabunga le-basal anombala oluhlaza okotshani omiswe okotshwe ngebhande futhi alayiniwe, izingcezu ezi-4-6 zikhula esihlahleni esisodwa. Ubude bamaqabunga ngamamitha angama-0.9, futhi ububanzi bawo ngamasentimitha ayi-8. Ngaphandle, ziyefana ngamahlamvu we-hyacinth. Ama-cystic inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ezinamakhaza abumbeke njengama-tubular-funnel-anemibala emhlophe, ubude bawo bungama-60 mm kanti ububanzi buyi-30 mm. Izimbali zibonwa ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Izithelo ziyibhokisi lonxantathu elinembewu.
IGaltonia enhle kakhulu (i-Galtonia princeps = i-Hyacinthus princeps)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala esifundeni eseningizimu neNingizimu Afrika, kanti ikhula endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Lesi sitshalo sithande ukukhula phakathi kwamakhambi. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu. Ububanzi besibabule se-conical bungama-30-40 mm; ambozwe ngezikali ze-fibrous. Ukwakheka kwe inflorescence emfushane yohlobo lwe-genemose kufaka phakathi kwezimbali ezi-10 ukuya kweziyi-15 ezimhlophe eziqhakaza izimbali, ezihlaza ngombala ngaphandle. Ngobude, izimbali zifinyelela ku-35 mm. Iqhakaza ngoSepthemba. Le nhlobo ilinywe ngokungajwayelekile.
I-Galtonia eluhlaza okotshani (Galtonia viridiflora)
Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa yi-thermophilicity yayo. Ama bulbu wesitshalo esinjalo ekwindla kumele asuswe enhlabathini, futhi agcinelwe ukugcinwa egumbini elipholile nelomile. Ungagcina ama ngokuwatshala ezimbizeni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha ayikhulu. Esihlokweni ngasinye sazo kunezimbali ezingama-10- 30 ezi-green-emerald. Uma i-haltonia enjalo ikhule ekhaya, khona-ke ama-peduncle ayo ayoba aphansi.
