I-Beets (hhayi ama-beets!) - isitshalo se-herbaceous esineminyaka emibili sisebenza emndenini wakwa-Amaranth (ngaphambili, ama-beet angomndeni wakwaMarev). Kukhona nabamele unyaka nonyaka nabamele lo mndeni. Kwezinhlobo eziyi-13 ezifakiwe kuhlobo lwe-beet, zimbili kuphela ezitshalwe kusiko - isithombo sebhitrudi neqabunga leqabunga.
Ama-beets amahlamvu (i-chard) angaminyaka yonke futhi a-biennial. Akukhuli izithombo zezimpande; inenduku noma izimpande ezigqinsiwe kakhulu. Amandla onke wesitshalo aya ekwakhekeni kwe-rosette enamandla yamaqabunga anamanzi kuma-petioles aqinile.
I-beetroot ejwayelekile iyisitshalo se-biennial. Ngonyaka wokuqala, kwakha isivuno esikhulu sezimpande esinamanzi, futhi ngonyaka wesibili, isiqu sezimbali lapho imbewu siboshwe khona futhi sivuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, ama-beet ejwayelekile ngokuvamile atshalwa kusiko lonyaka lokuvunwa kwezilimo ezihlwabusayo nezinempilo. Ukuthola imbewu, kushiywe kuphela izindawo ezikhethekile zesibeletho.
Ama-beets ajwayelekile ahlukaniswe ama-subgroups amathathu:
- igumbi lokudlela;
- ushukela
- ifolishi.
UBeetroot
Ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: obomvu nokumhlophe. Izinhlobo ezinezithelo ezibomvu yizo ezivame kakhulu, yizo esikubiza ngokuthi "ama-beet".
Izinhlobo ezimhlophe azithandwa kakhulu futhi azihlali zaziwa ngumthengi ojwayelekile. Ukunambitha, ama-beet amhlophe afana kakhulu nomzala wawo obomvu. Ine-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani nezitshalo ezincane zezimpande ezincane ezinesikhumba esikhanyayo ne-pulp. Kusetshenziswa amasaladi, ama-marinade, kanye nasezitsheni lapho imibala yezinye izithako ingathandeki khona. Okudume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe ngezithelo ezimhlophe "Albina Vereduna" ezimhlophe.
Musa ukudidanisa amatafula etafuleni noshukela kanye nefishi. Ama-ushukela nama-fodder beet futhi anenyama elula, kepha ayidliwa.
Izinhlobo ezibomvu ze-beet zinombala we-pulp nesikhumba sezilimo zezimpande kusuka ku-carmine red to maroon, icishe ibe mnyama. Izindandatho zokukhanya okukhanyayo zibonakala ngokucacile engxenyeni yesiphambano. Ukwakheka kwe-beet izimpande kuma-beets abomvu kungaba ukwahlukahluka kakhulu: isicaba, isiyingi, sibunjiwe, si-cylindrical kanye nange-spindle. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimpande eziyindilinga nezisicaba ziyisithelo sokuqala esivuthiwe, esikhiqizayo, sesethulo esihle. Zikhulelwe ukusetshenziswa kwehlobo. Izinhlobo eziphakathi nenkathi futhi sekwephuzile zinezilimo zezimpande ezinde nesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle. Izilimo ezinjalo zezimpande zigcinwa kahle ebusika.
Amatafula abomvu ethebula ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa izinhlobo ezintathu:
- I-Vindifolia - iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nama-petioles. I-Petioles ingaba mpinki kancane. Izitshalo ezenziwa izimpande zinomumo wobude obuhlanganisiwe, onezimpande ezinamandla.
- I-Rubrifolia - leli qembu lezinhlobonhlobo ezivela amahlumela amaningi linombala obomvu omnyama wamaqabunga nezimpande zezitshalo. Izithelo zihlukahlukene ngesimo: zihlanganisiwe-ziyacici, ziyindilinga, ziyisicaba. Izinhlobonhlobo azibekezeleli ukushisa futhi azinawo umkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu.
- I-Atrorubra - leli qembu lifaka izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamabheji etafula. Kubonakala ngezivuno zezimpande ezinombala omnyama, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile ku-petioles ebomvu noma epinki, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu. Amahlamvu asho imishanguzo ebomvu.
Iqembu lifaka lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezaziwayo:
- Bordeaux Inezilimo eziyimpande ezivundile noma ezimnyama zaphakathi nobusika. Izindandatho ezikhanyayo ku-cut azicishe zingabonakali. Amacembe aqondile, aluhlaza okotshani, aphuzi ngokwedlule.
- UmGibhithe. Inesimo esithambile esishiwo sezitshalo zezimpande. Aphakathi ngobukhulu, umbala umnyama kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi upende onsomi. Amacembe aluhlaza omnyama, onemithambo ebomvu nama-petioles. Ngokwindla, umbala obomvu uyaqina. Izinhlobonhlobo zivame ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, zigeleze kahle.
- I-Eclipse. Amaqabunga ale ndlela yokuhlobisa akhumbula kakhulu owaseGibhithe, kodwa abe nokuphuma okunamandla kakhulu nombala olula. Izitshalo ezimpande ziyindilinga futhi ziyindilinga, zimnyama ngombala. Izinhlobonhlobo ziqala ukuvuthwa, izimbali eziphansi, ezinye zimelana nesomiso.
- I-Erfurt. Hlanganisa izinhlobo ezibandayo zesomiso ezivuthiwe sekwedlule isikhathi. Uhlelo lwezimpande luhlotshiswe kakhulu, okwenza ukuvuna kube nzima. Izitshalo zomsuka zikhulu, ziba ngama-cylindrical. Izindandatho zesici zibonakala ngokucacile ku-cut.
Izinhlobonhlobo zalolu hlobo zenzelwe ukugcina ubusika. Leli qembu lifaka i-"Cylinder" edumile yaseDashi, enesitshalo esiyimpande esicijile, egxilile emhlabathini kuphela ingxenye yesithathu yobude.
Eminyakeni yamuva, abafuyi bezitshalo bafuye izinhlobo ezintsha zama-beet asetafuleni: ophuzi namthethe. Lama-beet agcine ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nesethi yezinto ezinokubaluleka zamabhetshu abomvu ajwayelekile. Izinzuzo zalezi zinhlobo ezintsha ukuhlobisa kwazo okuphezulu.
Izinhlobo zezithelo eziphuzi ezaziwa kakhulu yiBurpee's Golden and Golden Surprise. Ezinhlobonhlobo zemigqa ethandwa kakhulu yi- "Chioggia".
E-Russia, izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zama-beet beetafula zitshalwa ukuze zisetshenziswe ehlobo nezinhlobo ezivuthiwe zaphakathi nendawo zokugcina ubusika. Izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngemuva kwesikhathi zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa eningizimu yezwe.
Ama-beet asetafuleni asetshenziswa okusha nangemva kokupheka. Kulungiselelwe izitsha ezahlukahlukene kulo: isobho, izitsha eziseceleni, amasaladi, ophudingi. Iyabiliswa, iyadliwa, ibhakwe. Sebenzisa ngokuhlanganiswa neminye imifino noma njengesitsha esizimele.
Ngaphezu kwezilimo zezimpande, iziqongo zezithombo ezinempilo nazo ziyadliwa. Ukudla okumnandi kokudliwayo kulungiselelwe kuwo. Ukufakwa kwama-beet ekudleni kwansuku zonke kunomthelela ekwelapheni nasekuvimbeleni izifo eziningi.
I-beetroot yamahlamvu
I-Leaf beet (i-chard, iklabishi laseRoma) kusiko likhule njengonyaka. Lesi sitshalo sibopha imifino yezimpande. Amahlamvu kanye ne-petioles yesitolo esingaphezulu komhlaba ziyadliwa.
Amaqabunga e-chard makhulu, acwebezela, acwebezelayo, aqinile, kusukela eluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. I-Petioles iza nobude obuhlukahlukene, ubukhulu kanye nemibala. Ibanga lemibala yama-petioles lihluke ngempela: zibubende obunsomi obomvu, obomvu, opinki, oluhlaza okotshani, omhlophe obomvu, isiliva. Ngokuhlobisa okuphezulu kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, i-chard isetshenziswa ngisho njengesitshalo sezimbali zombhede.
I-Chard ihlukaniswe ngezindlela ezimbili: i-petiole neqabunga. Izinhlobo zamaqabunga kanye ne-petioles zisetshenziswa njengokudla kumasaladi, amasobho, izitshulu. Izinhlobo ze-Petiole zithathwa njengokumnandi kakhulu futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela zase-Europe. Izinhlobo ezibunjiwe ngokubomvu zivame ukusetshenziselwa izitsha ezinokwelashwa okushisa, izinhlobo eziluhlaza zomvini oluhlaza - kumasaladi.
E-Russia, amabanga alandelayo we-chard aziwa kakhulu:
- Izinwele ezibomvu - "Bomvu", "Scarlet" no "Ubuhle".
- IGreenleaf - "Luhlaza".
- Isiliva-isiliva - "uBelavinka".
Ukuvuthwa okujwayelekile kwamaqabunga ama-beet amaqabunga yizinyanga ezi-2-2,5. I-Chard isuswa ngokukhetha, isika amaqabunga amakhulu kuma-petioles aminyene. Ngale ndlela yokuqoqa, lesi sitshalo siyaqhubeka sikhulisa amaqabunga amaqabunga. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphuma kwe-chard kunqunywa ngokuphelele. Amaqabunga adinga ukusikwa ngokucophelela ukuze angangcoliswa ngenhlabathi.
I-beetroot yasolwandle
Enye into esetshenziswayo, ama-beet angadliwayo. Kungokweqembu lamaqabunga. Ubhungane lolwandle lwathola igama laso ngoba lukhula ezigodini zolwandle eduze namanzi. Ingatholakala eNdiya, e-Afrika, eNgilandi, eCrimea. Izitshalo ze-sea beet zikubekezelela ukufudumala nokugcwaliswa kwenhlabathi ngosawoti, kukhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ukuphakama.
Abantu bendawo badla amaqabunga ayo amasha noma omisiwe. Ngenxa yamabhungwe asolwandle, abhekwa njenganduleli wazo zonke izinhlobo, izinhlobo zetafula ezijwayelekile zitshalwa kaningana phakathi nenkathi nge-saline.
Ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi
I-ushukela isitshalo esidingekayo sezimboni esitshalwa kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe ushukela ne-ethanol. Izilimo zayo eziyimpande ziqukethe ama-sucrose angama-8-22%. Lolu hlobo lwebhungane lwalutholakala ngekhulu le-XVIII ngokukhethwa kokufakelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zetafula.
Ushukela isithombo sebhitrudi - isitshalo se-biennial, kepha sitshalwa njengonyaka wezitshalo ezimpande. Isisindo sezilimo zezimpande, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kusuka ku-300 g kuya ku-3 kg. Isitshalo esiyimpande asisebenzeki ekubukekeni, sinombala ophuzi ngombala, simhlophe esigabeni. I-Rosette yamaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okotshani.
Ama-beetle ushukela ayashisa futhi afunela inhlabathi. Ikhula kahle kuma-chernozems. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zokukhethwa kwamaJalimane emhlabeni wonke. E-Russia, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula kakhulu yiBona, Bohemia, Nancy, Clarina, Sphinx, neMandarin.
Lolu hlobo lwe-beet, njengezinhlobonhlobo zetafula, lunezinto eziningi ezinempilo ekubumbeni kwalo. Izakhamizi zesimanje zasehlobo zisanda kuqala ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukutshalwa kwamabhungane kashukela ezindaweni zazo. Isetshenziswa njenge-sweetener yemvelo kuma-compotes, ukulondolozwa, ama-pastries, isiraphu, kanye nakumasaladi.
Uma uhlose ukusebenzisa ama-beet ashukela ekuphekeni, qiniseka ukuyikokotela, ngoba ikhasi lesitshalo sezimpande linemuva elingemnandi.
UBeetroot
Ama-fodder beet nawo angawezilimo zezimboni futhi akhulelwe ukondla izilwane zezolimo. Futhi, njengoshukela, amafishi ebhusha ayefuywa ngabafuyi abavela emabhetshini asetafuleni ajwayelekile futhi alinywe njengonyaka. Ukwakhiwa kwama-beet fodder cishe akufani nasendlini yokudlela, kepha kuqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, imicu yezitshalo ezihlanganisiwe nefayibha.
Izitshalo ezimpande zezingulube zokudla ziyakhula zikhulu kakhulu, zifinyelela kumakhilogremu ambalwa. Izinhlobo zomuntu ngamunye zakhula zaba ngama-30 kg.
Banesimo esihlukile kakhulu: i-oval, isiyingi, i-elongated-conical, cylindrical. Imibala yezitshalo ezimpande ayihluke ngaphi: mhlophe, upinki, luhlaza okotshani, ophuzi, owolintshi, onemifino. I-pulp yokusika ivame ukuba mhlophe, kepha futhi ibomvu. Izitshalo ezingabangelwa izitshalo zokudla azingcwatshwa enhlabathini, eziningi zazo zikhula ngqo ebusweni, ezisiza ekuvuneni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-beet kukwenze kungenye yemikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ezimpilweni zethu. Izilimo zeBeet izimpande ziqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini kanye namaminerali. Ngakho-ke, sonke sidinga nje ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene esikuthandayo futhi sixazulule le imifino engabekeki engadini yethu.
