I-Astilba

I-Astilbe ingeyohlobo lwezitshalo ezingama-herbaceous zonyaka womndeni wakwaSaififraga. Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-18- 40. Lesi sitshalo sanikezwa igama leNkosi Hamilton yi-Scottish nerd, "a" kusho ukuthi "ngaphandle," futhi "u-stilbe" usho "i-luster." Wayesho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinamapuleti amaqabunga angenawo acwebezelayo, abuthuntu. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yiNyakatho Melika, i-East Asia kanye neziqhingi zaseJapan. I-Astilba ithanda ukukhula emaphethelweni emifudlana, emahlathini acijile, nakulezo zindawo lapho umswakama omkhulu ubonwa ehlobo. Lesi sitshalo safika emazweni aseYurophu sivela eJapan ngasekupheleni kwe-18 noma ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kwethulwa ngu-von Siebold noKarl Tunberg, ababengabazingeli bezitshalo zasolwandle. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ithole ukuthandwa okuhle njengesitshalo esifanele izingadi ezinomthunzi.

Izici ze-astilbe

Lesi sitshalo sinembeza. Ngaphambi kobusika, ingxenye ye-astilbe, etholakala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi, iyafa. Ukuphakama kwamahlumela aqondile kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni futhi kungahluka kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-200 amasentimitha. Amapuleti amaqabunga amaqabunga amade atholakala elula futhi kabili noma kathathu, umngcele we-serated. Umbala wazo uluhlaza okotshani obomvu noma oluhlaza okotshani. I-rhizome enokhuni ingaba mnene noma iqonde (ngokuya ngezinhlobo). Phezulu kwe-rhizome, kuvela izihlobo ezintsha njalo ngonyaka, ngokufa kancane kwengxenye engezansi. Ukukhula okumile njalo ngonyaka kucishe kulingane namasentimitha angama-3-5, maqondana nalokhu, ekwindla, kunconyelwa ukufafaza ngomhlabathi ovundile leyo ngxenye yephisi ebilivezile.

Izimbali ezincane ezivulekile ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence apical. Zingapendwe ngombala obomvu, opinki, omhlophe, o-lilac no-nsomi. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungaqala ngoJuni kuze kube ngu-Agasti. Uhlobo lwama-inflorescences yi-Rhombic, ukwethuka, kanye ne-pyramidal. Lezo zinhlobo ezinokudambisa ama-inflorescence ziyasebenza ikakhulukazi. Izithelo zimelelwa ibhokisi. Zonke izinhlobo zihlukaniswe yisikhathi sokuqhakaza zibe:

• ekuqaleni - izinsuku zokugcina zikaJuni, okokuqala - Julayi;
• phakathi nendawo - Julayi;
• sekwephuzile - Agasti.

Izinhlobo ze-astilbe ngezithombe namagama

Izinhlobo ezingama-10 kuya kweziyi-12 kuphela ze-astilbe ezitshaliwe. Kepha izinhlobo eziningi ezihlanganisiwe zalesi sitshalo zazalwa ngenxa yabafuyi. Namuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingama-200. Amaqembu e-hybrid athandwa kakhulu yilezi: Arends (Arendsii Hybrida), nzalo yaseJapan (Japonica Hybrida), i-Chinese astilbe (i-Astilbe Chinensis) nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, futhi ngisho neqabunga i-astilbe (i-Astilbe Simplicifolia).

Ama-Astilba Arends

Kuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40 ezizalwe ngenxa yokukhethwa kwezinhlobo eziphambili - i-astilbe of David, nezinye izinhlobo. Ukusabalalisa amahlahla aminyene angafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha. Ukuma kwabo kungaba yiphiramidi noma eyindilinga, amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani. Ama-inflorescence okugcina angadwetshwa nge-lilac, pink, emhlophe noma ebomvu. Izimbali zihlala isikhathi eside ukwedlula kwezinye izinhlobo kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Agasti izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwengama-40. Itshaliwe kusukela ngonyaka ka-1907. UG. Arends udale izinhlobo zakhe ezinhle kakhulu. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-astilbe Gloria, iDayimane, Weiss Gloria, Rubin, Glut nabanye. Isihlahla se-Diamant singafinyelela kumamitha angama-0.9 ukuphakama, kanye noWeiss Gloria, Amethyst noRubin - amamitha angama-0.8. Ama-Weiss inflorescence kaGloria noGloria anombala wedayimane, kanti uGluta, iDayimane noRubin bayathuthumela.

I-Astilba Chinese

Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-100 kuye kwangama-110. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-Basal anama-petioles amade nosayizi omkhulu, futhi amaqabunga amade okukhanya okucwebezelayo amancane anama-petioles amafushane. Ubude bama-inflorescence obukhulu buvela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-35. Umbala wezimbali ezincane, njengomthetho, yi-lilac, kepha emhlophe nepinki iyatholakala. Ukhule kusukela ngo-1859. Kunezindlela zokukhula eziphansi (var. Pumila hort.), Ukuphakama kwawo kungamasentimitha ayi-15-25, kanye namafomu ane-cone-shape inflorescences var. Taquetii. Izitshalo ezinjalo zizizwa zimnandi ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle. Izinhlobo eziphumelela kakhulu yilezi: i-Astilbe chinensis taquetii "Purpurlanze" - umbala omangalisayo we-lilac, u-Astilbe chinensis "Vision in Pink" - umbala opinki, u-Astilbe chinensis (Pumila Hybrida) "Umbono obomvu".

I-Astilba Japanese

Ukuphakama kwezihlahla ezihlangene akudluli kumamitha ayi-0.8. Amapuleti eshidi acwebezelayo avame ukuba ngumhlobiso. Izimbali ezimhlophe noma ezipinki ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence aphathekayo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuqala ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo, ngenkathi ama-inflorescence omisiwe azoba ngumhlobiso omnandi wensimu futhi aqhubeke kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1837. Umqambi wezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala nguG. Arends. Izinhlobo zesimanje zilwa nobandayo, futhi ziba nezimpande ngokuphelele. Ethandwa kakhulu yilezi: i-Deutschland (Astilbe japonica Rheinland) - imhlophe, i-Rhineland (i-Astilbe japonica Rheinland) - enezimbali ezinhle ezipinki, iYurophu (i-Astilbe japonica Europe) - isitshalo esihle esihle sinezimbali ezingama-lilac ezikhanyayo, iMontgomery (Astilbe japonica Montgomery) - uvalo lwama-inflorescence apendwe ngombala obomvu noma obomvu ogcwele ukugcwala.

I-Astilba

Ama-Leaf hybrids (i-Hybrida) kanye ne-Thunberg hybrids (Thunbergii Hybrida) enza kabi kakhulu emswakama ophansi nasekushiseni. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-50. Ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu anikeza isitshalo umoya. Izinhlobo ezihehayo kakhulu: I-Praecox Alba - enama-inflorescence ahlukanayo wombala omhlophe, i-Bronze Elegans - inhlobonhlobo yathola igama laso ngenxa yezingcezwana zamaqabunga ezinombala wethusi anemibala epinki epinki, iStraussenfeder - ukuphakama kwesihlahla okungu-0.9 m, kanye nama-inflorescence anemibala yamakhorali, uSolwazi van der Wielen - ine-inflorescence emhlophe futhi ingeye-Thunberg nzalo.

Ukukhula i-astilba kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

I-Astilba ingasatshalaliswa ngosizo lwembewu, futhi ihlukanise isihlahla noma ihlukanise i-rhizome ngeso. Izimbali ezinolwazi oluncane, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izindlela zokuzala zokuzala. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokusakazeka yembewu kuphela evumela ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha. Ayihlwanyelayo imbewu ngoMashi. Ukuze ufike, uzodinga ithangi elibanzi, okufanele libe ngamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuphakama. Igcwele ingxube, ehlanganisa isihlabathi ne-peat, ethathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Ungqimba lweqhwa elingamasentimitha ubukhulu lithululelwa phezu kwenhlabathi. Uma kwenzeka kungekhoqhwa emigwaqweni, ungayishayela kufriji esiqandisini sakho. Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngqo phezu kweqhwa, elincibilikayo, lizithwale zijule phakathi kwethrafikhi. Ngokulandelayo, imbewu izodinga ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lapho iqhwa selincibilikile ngokuphelele, kufanele kubekwe isitsha esikhwameni, okufanele sivele obala, bese sifakwa eshalofini lokuqandeka. Lapho, isitsha kufanele sihlale kuze kufike izithombo (cishe amasonto amathathu). Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha sihlanzwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle sinamazinga okushisa ayi-18 kuye kwangama-22 degrees. Kuyadingeka ukunisela ipulaji ngokucophelela, ngaphandle kwalokho bazokufa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthulula amanzi kufanele kube kuphela ngaphansi kwempande, futhi ungakujova kusuka kwisirinji ngqo ku-substrate. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamapuleti amaqabunga ayi-2 noma amathathu ezitsheni, kudingeka atshalwe emabhodweni ahlukile.

Ukufakelwa

Ukukhulisa i-astilbe kulula kakhulu, into esemqoka ukuyinakekela kahle. Isitshalo esinjalo sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ngoMeyi noma ngoJuni. Indawo efanelekayo kufanele ibekwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwesakhiwo, futhi kufanele ifakwe umthunzi ngamabhishi noma izihlahla. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula ezindaweni ezinelanga, kuyilapho izimbali zazo zizohlukaniswa ngobuningi bazo, kepha azihlali isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kuhle uma ungabeka i-astilbe eduzane kwechibi noma umthombo. Umhlabathi we-Loamy uphelele, kanti amanzi asemhlabathini kufanele alale eduze komhlabathi. I-acidity efanelekile yi-pH 5.5-6.5. I-Astilba inconywa ukuthi ifike kumhlaba nabasingathi. Iqiniso ngukuthi abapheki abavumeli inhlabathi ukuba isheshe icishe futhi ishise kakhulu ngezinsuku ezishisayo.

Ngaphambi kokwenza indawo, udinga ukulungiselela isiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba inhlabathi bese ususa lonke utshani bokhula kanye nezimpande. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuthunyelwa umquba obolile, umquba noma umquba wokugunda (1 imitha skwele 2 wamanyolo womquba) emhlabathini. Ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi wokufika kuhluka kusuka kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30, kuyilapho ibanga lamasentimitha angama-30 kufanele ligcinwe phakathi kwezihlahla. Emgodini ngamunye uthele ½ inkomishi yokhuni lomlotha, kanye no-1 isipuni esikhulu somanyolo wamaminerali. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imigodi kufanele iniselwe kaningi. Lapho utshala, lesi sitshalo sibekwa ngendlela yokuthi ukukhula kwayo kungcwatshwe enhlabathini okungenani amasentimitha ayi-4-5. Thela inamba edingekayo yenhlabathi emgodini uyihlabe. Lapho-ke ingaphezulu lomhlabathi lifafazwa ngesendlalelo se-mulch (i-peat noma i-humus), ubukhulu bawo busuka kumasentimitha amathathu kuya kwayi-5.

Izici zokulungisa izingadi

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-astilbe inesici esisodwa, okungukuthi, i-rhizome yayo ikhula kancane iye phezulu, kanti ingxenye yayo engezansi iyafa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile isihlahla ngeke sikwazi ukudla, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusikhipha ngesikhathi. Gcina umhlabathi womile. Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Kodwa-ke, ukumalanisa kungasiza ukwenza ukuthi ukuchelela kungamane kunganciphisi futhi kunciphise notshani lokhula, kanye nasekuvunguleni njalo komhlabathi, bese kuvimbela uhlelo lwezimpande ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ubuningi bokunisela buyahlukahluka kusuka kokuphakathi kuya phezulu, futhi lokhu kuncike ngqo ezinhlotsheni, kanye nasezinhlobonhlobo zesihlahla. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lapho ukwakheka kwama-inflorescences kwenzeka, isihlahla kufanele sophuziswe ngokuhlelekile nangobuningi. Esikhathini esomile, ukuthambisa kwenziwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku, noma kunalokho, ekuseni nakusihlwa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Endaweni eyodwa, imbali ingatshalwa kusuka eminyakeni emi-5 kuye kweli-7. Kepha kulezo zimo, uma i-Astilbe ihlinzekelwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele nangokufanele, kanye nokunikwa ukudla ngesikhathi esifanele, angakwazi ukwenza iminyaka engama-20 ngaphandle kokufakelwa. Icebo elilinganiselwayo lokondla i-astilba:

1. Entwasahlobo, umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen kumele ungezwe emhlabathini. Kulokhu, i-humus yethulwa ngesikhathi sokuqothuka.
2. Maphakathi noJuni, lesi sitshalo sidinga umanyolo we-potash. Ukwenza lokhu, i-500 ml yesisombululo esinebhakede lamanzi kanye nezinkezo ezinkulu ze-potrateum nitrate zithathwa esihlahleni esi-1.
3. Lapho izimbali ziphela, kuzodingeka umanyolo oqukethe phosphorus. E-1 bush, kuthathwa amagremu angama-20 we-superphosphate.

Lapho lesi sitshalo sidlisiwe, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi kufanele likhishwe futhi lifakwe.

Izinambuzane

Kulesi simila esingenisiwe, izinambuzane eziphambili zihlala ezindaweni lapho zivela khona. Ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, inyongo ne-sitrobberry nematodies, kanye nephenyi yama-slobbery, kungamlimaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-pennies akhetha ukuhlala kuma-sinuses amaqabunga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amathebhu e-salivary foamy formes enza kuwo, kuyilapho ngaphakathi kuwo kungama-cicadas. Amapuleti amaqabunga aqala ukugwinya bese kuvela amabala kuwo ophuzi. Isihlahla esinegciwane siyanyamalala kancane noma siyabuna ngokuphelele. Ukuze uqothule lesi sinambuzane, ungasebenzisa umfihlo, uphondo, ikarbofos noma i-actar.

I-Strawberry nematode ihlala kumapuleti eqabunga, efihlekile nasezimbali zezitshalo, emva kwalokho sezonakalisiwe, kanye nokuvela kwezindawo ezinombala o-brown noma ophuzi. Ukukhula kwe-Bush kuya kancane.

Ama-nematode enyongo ahlala ezimpandeni zesitshalo, kuyilapho kuvela amagama amancane (ukukhula) ebusweni bawo, futhi ama-nematode etholakala ngaphakathi kwawo. Esikhathini sesibili sokukhula, amageyimu asevele ehluka kakhulu. Ukukhula nokuqhakaza kwezihlahla ezinjalo kukhubazeka kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izimo kufa kwabo. Hlola ngokucophelela izihlahla kanye nalezo okukhona kuzo izimpawu zesifo, udinga ukumba nokubhubhisa. Kubalulekile ukwenza ukhula okufika ngesikhathi ngesikhathi sokukhula sokuqala. Uhlelo oluyimpande lwesitshalo olwenziwe esikhathini sesibili semifino lukhipha utshani uqobo lokhula uqobo. Chitha ukwelashwa kwe-astilbe nge-Fitoverm.

Ngemuva kwezimbali

Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kunconywa ukushiya ama-inflorescence omisiwe esihlahleni, ngoba ayohlobisa ingadi yakho ngokubukeka kwayo okumangazayo isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, amahlumela e-astilbe adinga ukusikwa ukuze abe sezingeni elifanayo nangaphansi komhlaba. Fafaza le ndawo ngesendlalelo se-mulch, futhi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe uma izihlahla zisanda kutshalwa ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwembaza. Ngosizo lokwehlukanisa, ungaphinda uvuselele isitshalo, kuyilapho kufanelekile ukucabanga ukuthi lapho usudala isihlahla, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuhlukanisa impande yaso enesizungu. Kunconywa ukuhlukanisa ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ngesiqu sokukhula kwipesheli ngalinye. I-astilba etshalwe ngale ndlela iqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka. Amabhishi anjalo ebusika kufanele afafazwe nge-mulch, kanti uma ukufakelwa kwenziwa ekwindla, khona-ke kunconywa ukuba uwagubungele ngamagatsha e-spruce, azobavikela ekwindla, ebusika nasentwasahlobo.