ICobaea liana (Cobaea) isihlahla esisontekile esikhona minyaka yonke futhi singamalungu omndeni we-cyanosis. Abalimi bayitshala njengesitshalo sonyaka. Leli liana laqanjwa ngoBarnabas Cobo, owayeyindela yemvelo, futhi wayehlala ezweni lakulesi sitshalo (ePeru naseMexico) iminyaka eminingana. Emvelweni, i-kobe ingahlangatshezwa emahlathini anomswakama omanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eseningizimu neNyakatho Melika. Isitshalo esinjalo besilinywe kusukela ngo-1787, kanti sivame ukusetshenziselwa ingadi ethe mpo yama-arbor noma uthango.
Izici zeKobe
Lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha. Kulokhu, uhlelo lwezimpande olunamagatsha anamanzi aqine kakhulu futhi lunezimpande eziningi ezacile, ezinemisipha. Ubude b amahlumela bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 futhi kwezinye izimo bude kakhulu. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti amaqabunga alandelayo a-cirrus amangalisa kufaka amasheya amathathu kuphela. Kumathiphu weziqu, amaqabunga ayaguquka abe yimisipha enamagatsha anamanzi, esiza ishlahla ukuba sikhuphuke ukusekelwa, sinamathele kuso ngosizo lwabo. Izimbali ezinkulu zenziwe bell futhi zifinyelela ububanzi amasentimitha ayi-8, ukuvelela kwazo nokukhazimula kugqamile. Izimbali zinama-pedicel amade futhi zikhula kusuka kumaqabunga eqabunga eqoqweni lezingcezu ezi-2 noma ezi-3 noma zitholakala zodwa. Lapho izimbali ziqala nje ukuvuleka, zipendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Ngemuva kokudalulwa okugcwele, izimbali zishintsha umbala wazo ube mhlophe noma onsomi. Izithelo yibhokisi lesikhumba elivuleka lapho kusetshenzwa eceleni. Ngaphakathi kuyo kukhona imbewu enkulu ebushelelezi ebushelelekile obusendlini.
Ukukhula kobe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela
Ukukhula kobe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni akulula kangako, kodwa kube ngokoqobo impela. Iqiniso ngukuthi igobolondo lembewu enkulu linokuqina okukhulu, okuqinisa kakhulu ukubukeka kwamahlumela. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, igobolondo elinjalo kufanele lichithwe libe yisimo kangangokuba liba njenge-mucus, bese liyisusa ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa imbewu ezansi kwesitsha, okufanele ibe banzi ngokwanele, kuyilapho kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akufanele zihlangane. Thela amanzi esitsheni bese uvala isivalo kakhulu ukuze uvikele ukugeleza koketshezi. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuyadingeka ukuthi uhlole imbewu bese ngasikhathi sinye ususe ingxenye emuncu yegobolondo, bese uyiphinda uyihlise esitsheni. Ukusula ngokuphelele imbewu kusuka egobolondweni, njengomthetho, kuthatha izinsuku eziningana.
Kuzithombo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sihlwanyelwe ngoFebhuwari noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaMashi. Ukuze uhlwanyele, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinkomishi ngazinye hhayi ezinkulu kakhulu, lapho kubekwa khona imbewu eyodwa, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukuthi ulimaze izitshalo ezincane ngesikhathi sokuntywila. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kunconywa ukusebenzisa inhlabathi yendawo yonke. Imbewu kumele ibekwe phezu kwenhlabathi, ngenkathi uhlangothi lwefulethi kumele luvulwe, bese ngaphezulu kwalo kudingeka ukufafaza ungqimba lwenhlanganisela eyodwa yenhlabathi efanayo, ubukhulu bayo okufanele bube ngamamilimitha ayi-15. Izithombo ziyavela ngemuva kwesikhathi esingafani. Uma ulungiselele kahle imbewu futhi ususe ngokuphelele igobolondo, khona-ke izithombo zingavela kungakapheli inyanga.
Izithombo
Lapho izithombo zikhula kancane, futhi zinamapuleti amaqabunga amabili amaqabunga, kufanele zidonswe kanye nesixha somhlaba esitsheni, okufanele zibe nomthamo cishe wamalitha amathathu. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi wakhe uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande futhi uthole iziqu ezinamandla. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, ungakhohlwa ukubeka izitebhisi ezikhethekile ezenziwe ngensimbi noma ngepulasitiki esitsheni, kulokhu umbewu uzohluma ulusebenzisa njengesekela. Ngasikhathi sinye, isithombo kumele siqale ukuba lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izitshalo zidluliselwa kwi-loggia noma kuvulandi, okufanele ifakwe insimbi noma ikhazimuliswe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lapha lesi sitshalo sizohlala kuze kube ukufakelwa, ngenkathi sijwayela umoya obandayo. Njengomthetho, ukuqina kwamasonto amathathu kwanele ukwenza izitshalo zijwayele ngokuphelele isimo sezulu sangaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho kuzokwazi ukuqala ukutshala izithombo ezikhulile nezinamandla emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukufakelwa
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Enhlabathini evulekile, izithombo zitshalwa ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kuyilapho kufanele zihlale ngemuva kweqhwa. Futhi izinga lokushisa lasebusuku akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-5 degrees. Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukubambezele ukutshala isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngoba izitshalo kulokhu zizophuma, futhi ukuthunyelwa engadini kuzoba nzima kakhulu.
Ukudilizwa
Okokuqala, nquma ngendawo indawo ozokhula kuyo u-kobei. Kubo, kunconywa ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle enomhlaba onempilo. Kodwa-ke, imbali enjalo ingatshalwa endaweni enomthunzi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi sihlahlana kufanele sivikeleke emoyeni obandayo. Okokuqala udinga ukulungiselela imigodi yokufika, ibanga phakathi kwalo okufanele lisuke kumasentimitha angama-50 kuya kwayi-100. Kuzo udinga ukuthulula inhlanganisela yenhlabathi evulekile equkethe i-humus, Peat kanye nomhlaba we-sod. Kuzo kuyadingeka ukwehlisa lesi sitshalo kanye nenhlama yomhlaba, usingcwabe futhi usiphuze kahle. Masinyane eduze kwamabhushi, kubalulekile ukubeka usekelo (i-arch noma uthango), ngoba isihlahlana esikhulayo kufanele sikukhuphuke, hhayi eceleni kwamasethi noma izihlahla eziseduzane. Esimweni lapho ukusongela kwesithwathwa kusasele, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukumbozwa isikhashana ngendwangu engeyona eyokwelukiweyo, egoqwe izingqimba ezi-2.
Izici Zokunakekela
UKobei kufanele unkcenkceshelwe ngohlelo, ngenkathi isikhathi eside esomile, ukuchelela kufanele kube kuningi. Kepha kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma uketshezi lujikijela ezimpandeni, lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukubola. Kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ikakhulukazi ekuniseleni uma isihlahla sikhula endaweni enomthunzi.
Ekuqaleni kokukhula okusebenzayo, isitshalo esinjalo sidinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu, okwenziwa kanye ngeviki, futhi ngalokhu kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa umanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen. Ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, i-kobe izodinga i-potassium ne-phosphorus. Baqala ukondla isitshalo cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo. Lapho-ke ipheshana lokuqala lizakhela lesi sitshalo, kuzodingeka londliwe nge-humate. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-kobe iphekelwa ngokuhlukile ngamanyolo wamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, i-Kemira) kanye ne-organic infusion (ukumnika i-mullein) kuze kube sekuqaleni kokuqhakaza. Ukuze ama-liana akhule futhi akhule ngendlela ejwayelekile, kuyadingeka ukuthi uthukululeke ngomhlabathi umhlaba futhi ukhiphe notshani wokhula.
Ungasakaza kanjani
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-kobe ingatshalwa kusuka embewini, futhi ingasakazwa ngokusikwa. Ukusika kuthathwa ezihlahleni zesibeletho, okufanele zibe ngaphakathi bonke ubusika. Lapho ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amasha kuqala entwasahlobo, ezinye zazo zingasikwa futhi zinamathele esihlabathini esithambile ukuze zibambe. Izithombo ezisikiwe kufanele zidluliselwe enhlabathini evulekile ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma ezokuqala - ngoJuni. Izitshalo ezinjalo ziqala ukuqhakaza ngokushesha kunalezo ezikhulelwe embewini, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye izimbali zazo azicoleki futhi azinhle kangako.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ama-aphid, kanye nemikhaza, angahlala esitshalweni. Ukususa izinambuzane ezinjalo, kuyadingeka ukucubungula lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo esine-phytoerm ne-potassium insipho eluhlaza. Esikhundleni sensipho eluhlaza, ungathatha i-shampoo yezilwane ezivela kumazeze (isetshenziselwa futhi ukulwa nezinye izinambuzane).
Ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Izimbali ziqala ngoJulayi, futhi ziphela ngokuqala kwesithwathwa. Ezindalini eziphakathi nendawo, isihlahla esinjalo sikhula njengonyaka, okusho ukuthi ekwindla kufanele sishiswe. Imbewu ephakathi nendawo ayinasikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka iphinde ithengwe esitolo ukuze ihlwanyelwe ngonyaka olandelayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi noma uthenge imbewu yohlobo lomkhiqizo owaziwayo esitolo, ubungako babo bokuhluma ngeke budlule amaphesenti angama-30.
Ubusika
Uma ufisa, ungazama ukugcina i-kobei esekhulile kuze kube unyaka olandelayo. Ngo-Okthoba, usike zonke iziqu esihlahleni, usigaye ngokucophelela bese usityale ebhokisini elikhulu noma kwimbali yezimbali. Udinga ukugcina isitshalo esinjalo endaweni epholile emnyama, kanti izinga lokushisa akufanele lidlule ama-degree ayi-12. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kugcinwe, indawo engaphansi noma isela elingaphansi lilungile. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ayisho; ukwenza lokhu, uyithululele kanye ezinsukwini ezingama-20-30. Ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaFebhuwari, owokuqala - Mashi, shrub kufanele ihlelwe kabusha endaweni ekhanyayo futhi efudumele bese ikhulisa ukuthambisa kancane kancane. Kutshalwa isihlahla engadini kuphela ngemuva kokuba usongo lweqhwa seludlulile ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe
Ukunyuka kweKobeya, noma ukukhuphuka kwe-kobeya, ukukhamba kwe-kobeya (i-Cobaea scandens)
Lolu hlobo kuphela kwento etshaliwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emvelweni kunezinhlobo eziyi-9 ze-kobei. Le nhlobo ingumvini ongapheli, otshalwa njengonyaka. Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo iMexico. Lesi sikhwebu sikhula isibalo esikhulu sazo, sifinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-6. Amapuleti eqabunga le-Cirrus aphela ngamathenda anegatsha, isitshalo esinamathela kuwo ekusekelweni. Izimbali zihlala kusuka engxenyeni yesibili yesikhathi sehlobo kuze kube yilapho iqhwa. Izimbali ezimfushane zinephunga loju. I-kobeya emhlophe (i-Cobea scandens alba) iyindlela esetshenziselwa uchungechunge lwe-kobe futhi inezimbali ezimhlophe.
