Ivela emazweni aseMedithera naseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia, ama-hyacinths aqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, eshaya umoya ngephunga nombango wombala kusuka kumhlophe nakuzo zonke izithunzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokuphuzi futhi okubabayo okukhulu.
ENingizimu yeNyakatho yeCaucasus, izimbali ezinamakha zitholakala ngisho nasendle. Emithambekeni yezintaba nasezigodini ungabona indlela imicibisholo enamahlamvu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma opinki aqhuma ngayo ngaphansi kweqhwa. Akunzima ukukhulisa ama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile, ngokuya ngobusika obuncane nobungenantethe.
Ukuvela ngaphezulu komhlaba, amaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo wesitshalo avula kancane kancane, bese ibhulashi le-inflorescence elinamaqabunga angama-20-30 liqala ukusuka maphakathi. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla ze-hyacinth zibunjiwe, zibunjiwe noma zibunjiwe ngensimbi, zingajwayelekile futhi ziphindwe kabili, futhi zihlale zinephunga elingajwayelekile.
Ungatshala kanjani i-hyacinth kulayini ophakathi nendawo, lapho inhlabathi ihlala iqina, ungasinakekela kanjani lesi sitshalo ukuze siqhakaze ngokuqinile izimbali?
Ukukhetha izinto zokutshala
Ama-Hyacinths ayizitshalo ezijwayelekile ezinama-bulbous. I-buln yangempela yalolu hlobo:
- yakheke ngokugcwele iminyaka engama-4-6;
- unesimo esiyindilinga nentamo evelele;
- liqukethe esikalini esiningi, elingaphakathi libe mnene futhi linamafutha, kanti eliphakeme lincane futhi libalele ngokufana kakhulu nesikhumba.
Ukukhula kwe-bulb kungenxa yokuvuselela okwenziwe emaphethelweni ihlumela, kuqukethe izihlahlana ezimbalwa zamaqabunga kanye ne-peduncle yesikhathi esizayo. Amabhuleki amadala weminyaka engu-5-6 ezansi ngaphansi kwesikali sesitoreji akha iziqalo zamabhuleki endodakazi - izingane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuya ngohlobo lwe-hyacinth, ama-bulbs ayo angaba nosayizi abahlukahlukene. Njengomthetho, ama enikeza izimbali ze-terry mancane kunokujwayelekile.
- Uma ama-hyacinths ezothulela emhlabathini ovulekile, ngesikhathi sokutshala, isibani kufanele siqhamuke, sibe nobubanzi okungenani be-4 cm futhi siqukethe izikali eziningana zomhlaba, isikali sokuqongelelwa se-6-10 nesinso esakhiwe ngokuphelele.
- Phezu kwangaphandle kwento yokutshala akumele kube khona ukulimala kwemishini, ukulandelwa kwesikhunta, ukuqubuka ngokudonsayo noma ubuthi.
- Uma ubheka phansi, isibani sekhwalithi, ungabona izisekelo zezimpande zamamilimitha amabili.
- Ububanzi besibabule sekhwalithi siphindwe kabili nohhafu kasayizi waphansi.
Izinto zokutshala ezinjalo ngeke zisebenze ngempumelelo kuphela nobusika, kepha futhi entwasahlobo zizonikeza ukuqhakaza okuningana.
Ukukhethwa kwendawo yokukhula kwama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukukhetha okuhle kwendawo yokutshala ama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile nokunakekela izitshalo ngaphambi nangemuva kokuqhakaza kuyisihluthulelo sokuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo ende.
Indawo lapho ama-hyacinths azokhula khona kufanele ibekwe kahle, okulula ukuyihlinzeka entwasahlobo, lapho kungakabikhohlamvu anele. Kepha ukuvikelwa kwengadi yezimbali emoyeni kuzodingeka kunakekelwe.
Abalimi abaningi benza iphutha lokutshala ama ngaphansi komqhele wezihlahla noma eduze kwezihlahla ezinde. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimila ezinkulu ezinjengalezi zizovikela ngempela ama-inflorescence emoyeni obandayo futhi ngeke zivikele amaqabunga ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho kufika isikhathi sokumba ama-hyacinths ngemuva kokuqhakaza engadini, ama-bulbs angahle angabi nokudla okwanele ukubuyisa amandla abo, okuzothinta ikhwalithi yabo.
- Ama-hyacinths akhetha inhlabathi evulekile. Inhlabathi ye-Clay noma i-chernozem ihlanganiswa kahle ne-peat noma i-river sand.
- Ukukhula kwamabhuleki nekhwalithi yezimbali kuthinteka kahle ngobuningi bezinto eziphakeme ezisezingeni eliphakeme, kepha ukugqoka phezulu ngomquba omusha kungalimaza ama-hyacinths.
- I-acidity yenhlabathi akufanele idlule amayunithi ayi-6.5, uma i-pH ingaphezulu, kufakwa ufulawa we lime.
Ama-Hyacinth ama-biacinth akasabeli kahle kakhulu ekubhaleni amanzi. Uma amanzi asemhlabathini endaweni esondela ebusweni eduze kwesigamu semitha, kuhlelwa imigqa ephezulu yokutshala ama-hyacinths noma amanzi anamandla adingekayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphuma kwesithwathwa sentwasahlobo noma imvula, kwesinye isikhathi kwenziwa kancane.
Yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela ukutshala ama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile nokunakekela u-anyanisi yenziwa kangcono kakhulu ehlobo. Ngenyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili, inhlabathi izozinza, bese ukubanda kwezimbali kushesha futhi kube lula.
Ukutshala ama-hyacinths
Umhlabathi ongaphansi kwama-hyacinths ugaywa ngo-40 cm futhi ngasikhathi sinye okulandelayo kusetshenziswe imitha eyodwa:
- I-10-15 kg yomquba obolile kahle noma i-humus;
- isihlabathi nokuhluza kuya ngohlobo nesimo somhlabathi;
- Amagremu angama-250 e-limestone noma amagremu ayi-15 we-magnesium sulfate;
- Amagremu angama-200 womlotha wezinkuni ohlutshiwe noma amagremu ama-30 we-potassium sulfate;
- 60 kuya ku-80 amagremu we-superphosphate.
Uma ukhula ama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile ukuze ube esihlabathini, ungampofu kumaminerali nasegazini, kunconyelwa ukwandisa inani elethulwa le-potassium ne-magnesium isikhathi esisodwa nesigamu. Izimpande zesitshalo ziqoqa umswakama kanye nokudla okwenziwa endaweni engaba ngu-15-20 cm kusuka isibani. Ngakho-ke, izimbobo zokubamba zenziwa cishe ngalesayizi, zijula ngaphansi kwe-hyacinth ngesilinganiso esingu-15 cm.
Lapho into encane yokutshala iyanda, ama-bulbs aphezulu afakwa enhlabathini futhi afakwa amabale embhedeni wezimbali.
Ezindaweni eziphansi, ama-hyacinths angatshalwa ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngokucindezela kancane isibani kuwo. Lokhu kuzovikela izimpande kanye nesitshalo sonke kusuka ekuthelelekeni nasekutheleleni okungenzeka. Ungasheshisa ukuqhakaza izimbali ngokutshala amahlamvu emigqonyeni ephezulu, okuthi, ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, ikufudumele ngokushesha okukhulu kunendawo eyisicaba.
Izinsuku zokutshala ama-hyacinths wokutshala ngaphandle
Ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, ama-hyacinths angatshalwa emhlabathini kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba.
- Uma ama-bullet angena emhlabathini phambilini, noma ekwindla kufudumele ngendlela engajwayelekile, izitshalo ziqala ukukhula futhi zife lapho kuqhuma isithwathwa.
- Uma usephuze ukutshala, ama-bulbs ngeke abe nesikhathi sokukhipha izimpande ngesikhathi inhlabathi iqina.
Noma kunjalo, ama bulbs angalungiswa emhlabathini emavikini okuqala kaNovemba. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, indawo okufika kuyo kufanele ihlanganiswe ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngamahlamvu noma enye into efanelekile futhi embozwe ifilimu. Inhlabathi izogcina ukushisa, futhi ama ezingena kuwo azokhula ngendlela okufanele.
Ebusika, ama-hyacinths kufanele ambozwe kusuka kwisithwathwa nge-mulch kusuka ku-peat, sawdust, amahlamvu noma amagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. I-Shelter kuzodingeka isuswe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ukuze ingalimazi amahlumela avelayo.
Ukulima ama-hyacinths enkundleni evulekile futhi ubanakekele
Ngemuva kokutshala ama-hyacinths, ukunakekelwa kwangaphandle kwehla ekugqokeni okujwayelekile okuphezulu, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukhula nokunisela, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza.
- Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ama-hyacinths adinga ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angama-30 we-ammonium nitrate ngemitha yesikwele.
- Isicelo somanyolo wesibili senzeka ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwezimbali. Kulesi simo, hhayi kuphela amagremu ama-20 we-ammonium nitrate ngemitha afakwa ngaphansi kwama-hyacinths, kodwa futhi amagremu angama-30 e-potassium chloride kanye nama-40 amagremu we-superphosphate.
- Lapho ukuqedwa kwezimbali sekuqediwe, amasimu avundiswa ngesilinganiso sama-gramu angama-40 we-superphosphate kanye nenani elifanayo le-potassium chloride ngemitha yesikwele.
Konke ukugqokwa okuphezulu kungeniswa emzileni noma isikhala phakathi kwezitshalo, ukumboza u-10 cm, bese kuthi ukunisela kuyankcenkceshelwe. Futhi ukunakekelwa kwama-hyacinths ngemuva kokuqhakaza engadini nakho kuqala ngokunisela, okudingeka kakhulu emasontweni amabili okuqala lapho ukhipha imbali yomile.
Ngemuva kwezimbali zokunakekelwa kwe-hyacinth nokuvunwa kwe-bulb
Ukuqhakaza kwama-hyacinths kuhle kakhulu, kepha kudlula ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuba ukhipha izimbali ezomile, isitshalo siphulukana ngokushesha nomphumela waso wokuhlobisa. Lapho ama-hyacinths enyamalala, yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo engadini? Okokuqala, ikakhulukazi uma ukutshala kwama-bulbs entwasahlobo kuhlangene namanye amasiko okuhlobisa, indawo yama-hyacinths kufanele iphawulwe. Ngemuva kwakho konke, maduze, lapho amaqabunga ethamba, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuzithola. Ngemuva kwalokho, izitshalo ezibuyisa amandla ngemuva kokuqhakaza, musa ukudlula ukunisela okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokugqoka okuphezulu.
Uma esimweni sezulu saseMedithera ama-bulb ebekezelela kahle ubusika futhi ejabulisa futhi ngemicibisholo ekhanyayo ye-inflorescence, khona-ke endaweni yokushisa ephakathi nesikhathi ama-hyacinths athule aswele ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, ingabe udinga ukugaya ama-hyacinths njalo ngonyaka? Yebo, kuyisilinganiso esinjalo emzileni ophakathi esizosiza ukudala izimo ezidingekayo zezinhlamvu ukulungiselela ukwakheka nokuthuthukiswa kwesiqu sesinxephezelo nokuqala komcibisholo wezimbali esizayo.
Uma ama ama-hyacinths aphilile esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ngaphandle kokumba ehlobo, shiya ubusika emhlabathini, izimbali zawo ngonyaka olandelayo zizoba buthakathaka kakhulu kunangaphambili. Abalimi kuphela eKuban, eNyakatho neCaucasus, eCrimea naseningizimu yeSifunda soMhlaba oMnyama abakwazi ukuzithwala ngokumba ama-bulbs minyaka yonke nokuthi lokho kuphela ngehlobo elishisayo impela. Isikhathi sokumba ama-hyacinths ngemuva kokuqhakaza engadini?
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokukhipha ama bulows yishumi leminyaka lokugcina likaJuni noma izinsuku zokuqala zikaJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi ngokubonakalayo futhi abe buthaka ezansi, manje kuzoba lula ukuwasusa.
Isitoreji se-Hyacinth Bulb
Lapho ama-peeled ehlutshiwe, agezwe futhi omiswe:
- bayahlolwa, bahlukanise abagulayo noma abalimele ngesikhathi sokumbiwa;
- Hlukanisa izingane ezidinga ukukhuliswa;
- izinto zokutshala ziphathwa ngezinambuzane nezifo zama-bulbs.
Ngemuva kwalokho, phakathi nesonto, ama bulabu agcinwa emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-+ 18-20 ° C egumbini elinomoya ophansi bese ebekwa esikhwameni sephepha noma esitsheni ezingqeshini ezi-1-2.
Ukunakekela ama-hyacinths ngemuva kokuqhakaza engadini futhi nokugcina ama-bulbs kuwumcimbi obaluleke kakhulu kumhlwanyeli.
Ngalesi sikhathi, isikali sekhava ye-hyacinth yomile, isitshalo siyakhula futhi silungele isigaba esilandelayo sokugcina, lapho izinyanga ezimbili ama-bulbs kufanele abe ekushiseni okungaba ngu-+ 30 ° C, umswakama ophezulu ngokwanele kanye nomoya omncane. Inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala, izinga lokushisa lomoya lehliselwa ku +17 ° C, ukuze into yokutshala idlulise kalula ukutshala okuzayo kwama-hyacinths emhlabathini ovulekile.
