Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube ekwindla, ama-pelargoniums akhule njengezitshalo zasendlini nezingadi zijabulisa abanikazi abanamakhaphethi aluhlaza we-inflorescence, babekezelela bonke ubunzima futhi bakhule kahle, bedinga ukunakwa okuncane nokunakekelwa okulula. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi abathandi bezimbali zasendlini bakhala ngokuthi i-pelargonium ilahlekelwa ukukhanga kwayo, iyenqaba ukuqhuma, futhi amaqabunga ayo aphenduka aphuzi futhi omile. Yini engadala lokhu kuziphatha kwezitshalo? Kungani i-pelargonium iphenduka amaqabunga aphuzi?
Amaphutha aholela ekuphuzi kwamaqabunga e-pelargonium
Ukushintshwa kombala wamahlamvu, ukubabaza kwawo netiye eliphuzi - lezi yizimpawu ezivame kakhulu zokungathandeki kwezitshalo. Kungenzeka kube nezizathu eziningana zokungaphatheki kahle. Futhi phakathi kwezinto ezisobala kakhulu - lawa ngamaphutha wokunakekela aholele ekunciphiseni isihlahla:
- Imbiza encane kakhulu yesitshalo, lapho izimpande sezivele ziqukethe lonke ivolumu eyenzelwe zona, futhi i-pelargonium ayinakho umswakama nokudla.
- Ukunisela okungekuhle, okunganikeli isidingo sesitshalo somswakama futhi kuholele kuphuzi emaphethelweni, bese ukumiswa kwamaqabunga.
- Ukufuma ngokweqile kwenhlabathi kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu - ukubola kanye nokulahleka kohlelo lwezimpande. Futhi kulokhu, amaqabunga e-pelargonium aphenduka aphuzi lapho inkinga ithatha ithuba elibi.
- Imiphetho ephuzi yamaqabunga amadala asebekhulile iyisibonakaliso somtshali ukuthi i-pelargonium idinga ukugqokwa okuqinile, futhi isihlahla kufanele singavundiswa hhayi nge-potassium, nitrogen ne-phosphorus kuphela, kodwa futhi nangama-microelements, ngokugqoka foliar.
Akunakubungozi kangako kuma-pelargoniums yizilokazane ezithambisa zombili engxenyeni eluhlaza yesitshalo nasemhlabathini.
Imvamisa, izinambuzane zinenkinga yama-geraniums akhule engadini ehlobo noma emabhokisini e-balcony.
Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ohlangothini olungasemuva lwamahlamvu nasezenzeni, ama-aphid kanye nama-thrips angatholakala ukuthi adla ngokuthambisa kwesitshalo futhi abe ngesinye sezizathu esenza amaqabunga aphuzi aphuzi ku-pelargonium. Engadini, ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi esindayo, enomswakama, ukhipha izingulube ezinamanzi zama-pelargonium adonsela ama-slugs. Amahlamvu kanye nama-inflorescence ahlushwa yizibungu kanye namahlamvu ezinhlamvu.
Ama-ejensi wokulawula izinambuzane avela phansi afaka iqoqo lezandla lezinambuzane kanye nokwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinambuzane ezikhethekile. Kunzima ngokwengeziwe uma i-pelargonium ihlaselwa yi-nematode ehlala emhlabathini. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo siba buthaka, sibune, amahlamvu aso abe mancane, futhi ukwakheka kwama-nodule ngama-cysts weparas kuyabonakala ezimpandeni. Ukuze uvimbele inkathazo ku-pelargonium, izitshalo zitshalwa kuphela enhlabathini wegciwane. Isilinganiso esifanayo sizosiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuthelelelela ehlathini ngezifo zesifo segciwane, viral, nemvelo fungal esiyingozi ku-pelargonium.
Izici zokunciphisa ingozi zePelargonium
Ngaphezu kwenhlabathi esezingeni eliphansi, ukusakazeka kwezifo kunomthelela:
- ubukhulu bomhlaba noma ubuphofu;
- ukushoda kokukhanya nomoya ngobukhulu bokutshala ngokweqile;
- ukusetshenziswa kwama-pesticides kanye ne-herbicides;
- imvelo ene-asidi engavumeli isitshalo ukuthi sithole inani elifanele lezakhi kanye namaminerali;
- i-nitrogen eyeqile kumanyolo;
- ukulimala kohlelo lwezimpande nengxenye eluhlaza ye-pelargonium, ngokwesibonelo, ngemuva kokufakelwa.
Zonke lezi zinto zenza buthaka izitshalo, eziba yisisulu sezilokazane nezifo ezahlukahlukene. Iziphi izifo i-pelargonium enazo, futhi ungazisingatha kanjani?
Izifo zePelargonium: izithombe nezincazelo
Uma izimo ezikhulayo nokubukeka kwezilokazane ze-pelargonium zephulwa ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha, khona-ke izifo ezisezigabeni zokuqala zifihliwe futhi isikhathi eside azizenzi zizizwe.
Ukubola okumpunga kwe-pelargonium
Njengomphumela wokutheleleka kwezitshalo ngefungus Botrytis cinerea, amaqabunga, iziqalo neziqu kanye nama inflorescence ambozwe izindawo ezimpunga ezimbozwe ngumbala phansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifo se-pelargonium, njengasesithombeni, siyakwazi ukuthinta imbali ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zokukhula, zombili ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokuphumula. Amabala afile wezicubu avela kule ndawo, abonakala ngokucacile emaqabungeni ngenxa yezindandatho ezihlanganayo ezinsundu emngceleni wefungus.
Ethintwe yilesi sifo, njengasesithombeni, ama-pelargoniums alahla ukuqhuma lapho izinhlamvu zesikhunta ziwela phezu kwamahlamvu kanye ebusweni bomhlabathi. Uma izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingathathwanga, ukusakazwa kokubola okungwevu akupheli kuze kube ukuqothulwa kwama-shot. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo kufaka isandla ekunyuseni umswakama kanye nezindlela zokunakekelwa ezinganele.
Umsuka Root noma Umlenze Omnyama
Ukubola kwengxenye engezansi yesiqu nengxenye yohlelo lwezimpande, okucasulayo ukusakazwa kwesikhunta esiyingozi I-Pythium neRhizoctonia kusuka ohlangothini lomtshali, kubukeka ngathi:
- kuphuzi kwamaqabunga e-pelargonium;
- amahlumela abuna;
- buthaka kwesitshalo;
- ukumiswa kokukhula kwayo.
Ukusakazwa kwesikhunta kubangela ukulimala okwenziwe ngesisekelo sendawo esezingeni lomhlabathi, lapho, ngomswakama owandayo, imidwebo ye-grey noma i-whites emhlophe iyabonakala. Amathishu asishintsha ngokushesha isakhiwo sawo, abe manzi, aqedwe, futhi zonke izingxenye zesitshalo ngaphezulu kwendawo yokubola alahlekelwa amandla okuthola umswakama nokudla okunempilo.
Izimpande ezonakele ziba nenkinga, ziphenduke zibe nsundu, zibe uketshezi futhi zibhekane necrosis. Ukusuka kwalesi sifo, njengasesithombeni, i-pelargonium ivame ukuthinteka isencane. Ikakhulu ezisengozini yalesi sifo ukusikeka kutholakala endaweni enomswakama ngokweqile, eshisayo. Isitshalo ngenxa yomonakalo owenziwe isikhunta ngokushesha siba buthaka bese sifa.
Isifo se-bacteria se-Pelargonium noma i-gummosis
I-Hommosis noma indawo yamaqabunga e-bacterium ayihambisani kuphela nokuvela kwamahlamvu, kodwa futhi ngokubola futhi ngeziqu zeziqu.
Isifo se-Pelargonium, njengasesithombeni, sisheshe sibonakale futhi sinqunywa yellowness yamaqabunga kanye namabala ansundu phakathi kwemithambo, futhi sibangelwa amagciwane e-pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris. Izimpawu zokuqala zingabonakala ngemuva kwamapuleti amaqabunga, futhi lapho isifo sikhula, imiphetho yamaqabunga yomile, imithambo iba mnyama.
Lapho ukutheleleka sekuphelele, isitshalo se-pelargonium siyabuna, amahlumela ayaphela kancane kancane. Ukwenza mnyama kube kusathinta izingxenye zamaqabunga, kepha iziqu zonke. Ngokungafani nomlenze omnyama, ukubola kuleli cala komile. Ubunzima ekutholeni ukubonwa kwamagciwane ukuthi lesi sifo se-pelargonium sinezimpawu ezivamile ngomonakalo wesitshalo ngezinambuzane.
Ukubona kukaMose emaqabungeni e-pelargonium
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesifo se-mosaic zivame kakhulu kuma-pelargoniums, ikakhulukazi uma izitshalo sezikhulile zigcwele futhi ziswakeme kakhulu.
Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zamapulazi ezimbali, lapho izitshalo eziqhakazayo ziwa emafasiteleni ezithandwa ezijwayelekile.
I-Pelargonium leaf rust
Imisuka emnyama noma ebomvu yokugqwala emaqabungeni e-pelargonium akuyona iminonjana yokunisela ngamanzi asezingeni eliphansi, kepha umphumela womsebenzi wePuccinia pelargonii-zonalis fungi.
Ukusuka ngaphandle, isithombe salesi sifo kubukeka sengathi amahlamvu e-pelargonium aphenduka aphuzi, kodwa uma ubheka emuva, amapaki anezinhlamvu zokuvuthwa, okuthi, lapho ephukile, azokwakha igagasi elilandelayo lokutheleleka, kubonakala kahle. Uma lesi sifo sithatha isimo esihlelekile, amaqabunga e-pelargonium aphenduka aphuzi ngokuphelele, bese ewa, bese ukutheleleka kusakazekela kweziqu.
I-Alternariosis ne-cercosporosis
Kuzo zombili lezi zifo, amabala ansundu noma ansundu emaqabungeni ayabonakala ezitshalweni ze-pelargonium, izicubu ezingaphakathi lapho zoma khona, imifantu nokuqhekeka. Amakhowe anonya, imithombo yenkinga, ahlala ngemuva kwamahlamvu amaningi asendulo, kepha isifo se-pelargonium, esithombeni, sisakazeka phezulu ngeziqu. Isimo esibi salesi sifo sikhonjiswa ngokukhanyisa umbala wamapuleti amaqabunga nokulahleka kwamaqabunga.
IPelargonium edema
Ukuqina kwamagquma nokukhanyiswa kwamahlamvu kungakhombisa ne-edema eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokunisela ngokweqile ngezikhathi zokushisa okuphansi, isimo sezulu esinamafu kanye nezinye izimo ezingakufanele ukukhula kwe-pelargonium.
Lapho amabala e-chlorine akhula ngemuva kweqabunga, umlimi angabona ukuthi zigcwele umswakama, khona-ke ukwakheka kwawo kuyenzeka, izicubu zawo zithole ubambo lwekhokho. Kungakho amaqabunga e-pelargonium ephenduka aphuzi futhi efa. Lesi sifo sibeka engcupheni ekhethekile i-pelargonium evolontiya kanye nenzalo yabo.
Ungabhekana kanjani nezifo ze-pelargonium?
Ngokusho kwencazelo nesithombe, kuyacaca ukuthi izifo eziyingozi ze-pelargonium ziyingozi kangakanani ezitshalweni, kodwa ungazisingatha kanjani ekhaya noma engadini?
Zonke izindlela eziphambili zokulwa nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta zisuselwa ekunakekelweni kanye nasekuvinjelweni okunekhono.
Njengoba udale izimo zikhululekile i-pelargonium, ungazivikela ngokuthembekile kunoma yiziphi izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezincane zesinambuzane:
- Umhlabathi we-pelargonium akufanele ube mnene futhi uswakeme ngokweqile.
- Okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba emhlabathini kumele kugcwalise ngokuphelele izidingo zesitshalo futhi kube nokulingana.
- I-nitrogen ethe xaxa emhlabathini ayihambi ngendlela eboniswa ukukhula kwe-pelargonium.
- Lesi sitshalo sidinga amanzi amnandi ukuze amanzi angahambi futhi angabangeli ukuthuthukiswa kokubola kwezimpande.
- Ama-Pelargoniums awathandi ukuthambisa okungaphezulu kanye nomswakama emaqabungeni.
- Ubungako bokutshala akumele bavunyelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo azitholi i-oksijini, inhlabathi ayithunyelwa.
- Ukuze ukhiqizwe kabusha, kuthathwa kuphela izinto ezinempilo ezinempilo.
- Inhlabathi engaphansi kwezihlahla ihlanza njalo imfucumfucu yezitshalo, ukhula, ukhululwe kanye nemboza sezithombo.
Uma i-pelargonium ikhombisa izimpawu zesifo esisodwa noma esinye, akusafanele ukuthi kukhawulelwe ezilinganisweni zokuvimbela. Kulokhu, izifo ze-pelargonium kufanele zilwe kusetshenziswa ama-fungicides akhona kanye nezinye izindlela ezikhethekile.
