Ama-Blueberries - izakhiwo ezikhulayo nezizuzisayo

NgoJulayi 22 ngokwekhalenda likazwelonke kuwusuku lwePankratia noCyril. Qala ukukhetha ama-blueberries, usuku lwe-blueberry. "Ama-Blueberries azosusa isisu esijabulisayo." Ezinsukwini zakudala bathi: ama-blueberries abuyisa impilo futhi andise ukuqonda komhlaba. Igama langempela iTeremnika. Le berry enhle isifikile. Wabamba iqhaza ngesikhathi sokuhlupheka. Zonke izinsuku kwakufanele ukudla ama-blueberries amadala namancanyana (ikakhulukazi ehlobo elishisayo). Lesi sigaxa sasivikela kuzo zonke izifo, siphilise izilonda zesisu, sihlanze igazi bese isibindi siphola.

Ezindaweni ezisehlathini, ukuqoqwa kwama-blueberries kuwumkhuba ophoqelelwa minyaka yonke wokuvunwa kwamajikijolo. Abanye ngejubane lokuqoqwa bafaniswa nokukhipha isihlahla se-blueberry ngezigaba ezikhethekile. Vele, kuyashesha, kepha inkunkuma eningi.

Ama-Blueberries, noma ama-Blueberries ajwayelekile, noma i-Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).

Okhokho bethu basebenzisa umhlanga namaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emagatsheni ahlukahlukene empilo yansuku zonke, ekukhiqizeni isikhumba lobuciko: ngosizo lwabo, isikhumba sasidweba nsundu futhi siphuzi. Kulezi amajikijolo, abadwebi babenza udayi obububende nobubende (okokuqala bebathatha i-boron blueberries, kwesibili bathatha i-ramen (ramen - ihlathi le-spruce), futhi lapho bexuba ujusi wezithelo nezinye izinto, bathola udayi woboya nendwangu.

Ama-Blueberries akhula ngisho naseCaucasus, yize ehlukile kwezethu enyakatho. Umuthi lapho ufinyelela amamitha ayi-3, amaqabunga makhulu kakhulu, nezithelo zimnyama ngombala, zimnandi ukunambitheka, yize zingenawo umbala wejusi.

Kukhona inganekwane ngama-blueberries. "Kwake kwaba isikhathi esithile. Emahlathini aminyene, angenakungeneka, eduze kwabantu bahlala izidalwa. Lapho sebezwile ngengcebo yabo engenakuqhathaniswa, abantu baqala ukumba, bagaya umhlabathi, bafuna ingcebo. Izibungu zashiya amakhaya abo. Abantu abampofu bazulazula ubusuku nemini. kumnyama, ihlathi elinganqobeki lapho lifuna khona okungenani ukuvikeleka.Akekho owasizakala .. Futhi yihlathi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela elalibavikela, laba labafihla ngaphansi kwamagatsha alo .Ngokubonga, abahlali bancipha bahlala emhlabeni".

Ukukhetha kwe-Blueberry.

Blueberry Incazelo

Ama-Blueberries, noma I-Blueberry, noma I-Blueberry myrtle (Vaccínium myrtíllus) luhlobo lwezihlahla ezingasoze zabuna ezingapheli kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Vaccinium lomndeni wakwaHeather.

Ama-Blueberries angama-shrub angama-15-30 cm ukuphakama. Amagatsha anwebeka esiqwini esikhulu emikhawulweni ebukhali. Amaqabunga ehlukile, amancane-wedolobha-i-serrate, i-ovate, enesikhumba, ewa ebusika. Amanzi emvula anamaqabunga agqitshiwe nama-petioles ahanjiselwa emagatsheni ngama-grooves ajulile, lapho adlulela ezimpandeni. Lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezinwabuzelayo, zinikeza amahlumela amaningi.

Ama-Blueberries aqhakaza ngoMeyi. Izimbali zimhlophe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, ezijwayelekile, zihlala esisodwa ngasikhathi. UCorolla unama-clove ama-5. Isilungu sihlukaniswe. Ama-Stamens 10. I-Pestle - eyodwa. I-ovary ephansi. Imbali igotshwe phansi futhi ivikela impova kumswakama. Ama-pollinator oyinhloko wezimbali izinyosi ezifuywayo kanye nezimbila.

Izithelo zama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zimnyama-zimnyama, zimbubende ngaphakathi, ziqhakaze kahle ngamaqabunga aphuzi. Izithelo zidliwa yizinyoni zasehlathini, ezikude kakhulu eziphethe imbewu yazo engabonakali. Izithelo ziyadliwa.

Amajikijolo namaqabunga asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-blueberries nawo akhula ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa kuma-slides e-alpine.

Emvelweni, ama-blueberries ajwayelekile akhula ikakhulukazi esifundeni esenyakatho - emahlathini, ikakhulukazi ophayini kanye nezixhaphozi.

Izimbali eziqhakazayo zama-blueberries.

Ama-blueberries akhulayo

Ukukhetha indawo yama-blueberries

Izidingo zokushisa zama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka otshaliwe ziqhathaniswa nalezo ze-currants. Amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusika awathandeki ukumlimaza. Kodwa-ke, uma izinsuku ezingaphansi kwama-40-50 zihlala phakathi kokuvuna kanye nokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, iqhwa ekuqaleni kwesikhashana lifinyelela ku--10 ° C lingadala ukulimala kwezihlahla. Kodwa ukulimala okuvela sekwephuzile kwentwasahlobo akunakusaba, ngoba isikhathi sezimbali zama-blueberries siwela engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi.

Ama-blueberries ahlanganisiwe azwela kakhulu ukuntuleka komswakama, ngakho-ke kubalulekile njalo ukunakekela umswakama womhlabathi olinganayo. Emhlabathini ongatheni, indawo esemanzini aphansi komhlaba (cm 30-90 cm) iyasiza kakhulu, kepha ukuhamba kwamanzi njalo akulungele ama-blueberries atshaliwe. Ngokungafani nehlathi, ama-blueberries atshaliwe akhula kangcono hhayi emthunzini, kepha athela kakhulu isivuno kuphela ezindaweni ezinelanga.

Izidingo zama-blueberries atshaliwe enhlabathini acacile kakhulu, ngoba akhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini ene-acidic. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi, okulinganiswa kumayunithi we-pH, kufanele kube kububanzi be-pH 3.8, futhi kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile lapho ama-blueberries angatshalwa khona enhlabathini enamanani aphezulu we-pH ngokunakekelwa kwenhlabathi efanelekile.

Inhlabathi enothile enama-humus, kufaka phakathi enesihlabathi, ilungele kangcono ukutshala ama-blueberries, kepha inhlabathi idinga ukulungiswa kahle ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla.

Ukulungisa inhlabathi yokutshala ama-blueberries

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuncike ekuphenduleni kwawo. Emhlabathini ongatheni okhanyayo ongama-pH ongaphansi kuka-5.0, kwanele ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi ekujuleni okungaba ngu-20 cm ngokungeza ama-peat chip ahlanganiswe nezakhi zomzimba; i-peat crumb exutshwe ne-sawdust, amagxolo asikiwe noma amaqabunga e-oki asebolile, ukuhlanzwa ekhishini okuhlanganisiwe kufanele kufakwe emgodini wokutshala.

Inhlabathi iningi lenhlabathi alinayo i-acidic eyanele ukuze ikhule aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokushesha izihlahla ezitshaliwe zizoqala ukubonakala zinamaqabunga aphuzi, izihlahla zicishe ziyeke ukukhula bese ekugcineni zife. Ukulima okuphumelelayo kungenzeka kuphela ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukulungiselela umgodi osayizi ka-150 x 150 cm kanye nokujula kwama-60 cm ngesihlahla ngasinye se-bilberry noma umgodi obubanzi nobubanzi obufanayo. Inhlabathi evela emigodini ixubene nesilinganiso esingu-2: 1 nama-peat chips, amaqabunga e-oki abolile, njll., Kanye nenhlabathi esindayo, isihlabathi somfula siyangezwa.

Ukufakwa kwe-150-250 g yesibabule esiyimpuphu (umbala wesibabule) nge-1 m3 acidisa inhlabathi nangaphezulu. Yonke le misebenzi kumele yenziwe ngendlela yesikhathi ukuze inhlabathi esemigodini ibe nesikhathi sokuzinza. Lapho utshala amahlahla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngo-Okthoba, yonke le misebenzi akufanele iqedwe ngaphambi kokuqala kukaSepthemba.

Ama-Blueberries, noma ama-Blueberries ajwayelekile, noma i-Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).

Ukutshala ama-blueberries

Njengomthetho, kungcono ukutshala ama-blueberries ngo-Okthoba futhi ngaphambi kokuqala kukaNovemba, noma kunjalo, ungatshala izihlahla entwasahlobo kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Ephreli. Izinto ezihle kakhulu zokutshala izihlahla ezineminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu, kepha izitshalo ezindala zisanda izimpande futhi ziqala ukuthela izithelo kungekudala. Ukhula lwenhlanganisela ye-blueberries kwenzeka ngokushesha uma izitshalo zitshalwe ngenhlama yomhlaba ezimpandeni, ngakho-ke kungakuhle kakhulu ukuthatha izinto ezivela enkulisa nazo ngesigaxa noma ngesitsha, uma sikhule kuso. Uma inhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswe kahle, kwanele ukuvula indawo yokuphumula endaweni yokutshala, ehambelana nevolumu yezimpande ngenhlama.

Lapho utshala inhlama ezungeze izimpande, izimpande ze-fibrous ziyathukululwa futhi zisakazeke ngokucophelela. Inhlabathi evela emgodini wokutshala ixubene ne-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula, bese kuthelwa umgodi ngalengxube, ngemuva kwalokho izinyawo zihlanganiswa ezungeze izihlahla futhi ziniselwe kakhulu. Kuhle kakhulu ukufaka izithombo zezihlahla endaweni yokutshala ama-blueberries nge-sawdust, amaqabunga awile noma i-peat, ngoba kuyasiza ukugcina umswakama futhi kuvikela ekuqandeni isithwathwa ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla. Amabhasi atshalwe ekujuleni okufanayo njengoba akhula e-nursery.

Uma amahlahla aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engatshalwa ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokuthenga, kufanele abekwe emthunzini futhi anakekele i-hydration. Inhlama eyomile noma isitsha kungaholela kalula ekulahlekelweni kwesitshalo.

Amabhishi amadala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angafakwa esikhundleni, kodwa kuphela ngenqwaba yomhlaba ofanele. Ngemuva kokutshala, wonke amagatsha asikwa aze afike ku-10-30 cm.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Blueberry

Ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi okuhamba phambili kuma-blueberries atshaliwe ukusebenzisa ungqimba lwesitholi se-sawdust 10 cm, oluhlanganiswe nengaphezulu kanye nokuhlala kugcinwe kusesimweni eswakanyiswe kahle. Ukuhlanza ikhishi okungezansi kunomphumela omuhle. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zokupheka (utshani, amaqabunga awile, njll.) Zinomphumela omuhle ongemuhle, kepha zingcono kunokungatholakali kwenhlanganisela.

Uma kungekho okuhlanganisiwe kokuhlanganisa, umhlabathi unyaka wonke kufanele ukhululwe kaninginingi ngokujula kakhulu (hhayi ngaphezu kwama-3 cm). Ukusondela esihlahleni, ukumila okungatheni kufanele kube, ngoba izimpande zama-blueberries nazo zitholakala eduze kwenhlabathi.

Ama-Blueberries, noma ama-Blueberries ajwayelekile, noma i-Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).

Umanyolo we-Blueberry

Umanyolo we-organic, ikakhulukazi okhanyayo, inhlabathi enesihlabathi, kanye nenhlabathi empofu ku-humus, yisinyathelo esibalulekile ukwandisa isivuno sama-blueberries atshaliwe. Umanyolo obolile kahle, umquba onothe ngokudla okunezakhi zomzimba noma ama-peat chip, ucebiswe ngezakhi ezinjengokudonsa kwezinyoni kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali - konke lokhu kufanelekile ukuhlinzeka ngezihlahla ngomanyolo we-organic. Ngokuya ngezinto ezibonakalayo nezimo, njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3 kuyalulekwa ukutshala ama-2-4 kg / m2 womanyolo we-organic ngaphezulu kwendawo ezungeze izihlahla.

Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nokuhlinzeka ehlathini ngezakhi zomzimba nakho kufanele kusize ukulawula ukusebenza kwenhlabathi. Emhlabathini nenhlabathi nge-pH kusuka ku-4.0 kuye ku-5.0, kufanele kusetshenziswe kuphela i-ammonium sulfate, kalimagnesia (potassium ne-magnesium sulfate) ne-superphosphate.

Kumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi we-blueberries, kuphela i-chlorine-free nomafoxan eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i- “aciplex”, usawoti womanyolo wezitshalo zemashi neConifers, kufanelekile.

Ekuvuneni ama-blueberries atshaliwe, izincomo ezilandelayo zingenziwa (g / m2).

Lapho ufaka umanyolo okokuqala, kufanele kukhethwe i- “aciplex”, uma usebenzisa owesibili, i-piafoskan iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-fertilizer asatshalaliswa ngokulingene ezungeze ehlathini futhi aboshwe kakhulu ngogwayi emhlabathini. Uma kuthathwa isinqumo sokufaka umanyolo ngosawoti oncibilikile, khona-ke yi-10-20 g kuphela encibilika emanzini ayi-10 l, khona-ke umthamo ophelele kufanele usetshenziswe ezigabeni eziningana ngezikhathi ezithile zezinsuku eziyi-10. Umthamo wesibili (ngoJuni) ungakhushulwa ngamabhasi amadala nangezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu ngo-10-20 g / m2. Njalo ngeminyaka engama-2-3, kuyadingeka ukubheka ukusabela kwenhlabathi. Kumanani we-pH ngaphezulu kwe-5.0, 50-60 g yesibabule sempuphu kufanele ihlakazeke ngokuzungeza isihlahla ngasinye ngonyaka kuze kufike lapho kufinyelela inani le-pH elifunekayo. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni eziningi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sawdust ye-mulching ezungeze izihlahla kuzovele kwanele ukulawula ukusabela kwenhlabathi.

Izinhlobo eziphambili ze-blueberries

I-Blueberry - i-Vaccinium myrtillus.

Ama-blueberries ajwayelekile akhula engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, iSiberia eseMpumalanga kanye neNtshonalanga, eMpumalanga Ekude, kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ikhula emahlathini aqobayo futhi anokukhanya, eTundra, ehlathini-tundra, ezifundeni ze-sphagnum, ezintabeni kuze kufike ku-2000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Imvamisa kubusa uhlaza, kwakha amathanga amakhulu. Ivikelwa ezitokisini.

Ama-Blueberries anobubanzi bemvelo bemvelo. Umswakama awudingi kakhulu, utholakala ngaphandle kwamabhishi nangamahlathi omanzi, nasezindaweni ezomile ezicacisiwe. Ikhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kepha ingakhula ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezivulekile ngokuphelele imvamisa ifa ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye. Izwela kakhulu ekushintshashintsheni kwezinga lokushisa kunama-lingonberry. Prefers nenhlabathi ecebile ukwedlula i-lingonberry. Ikhula ethafeni nasezintabeni, ikhuphuka ifike ekuphakameni kwama-2800 m ngaphezu kolwandle. m., kepha emngceleni ophezulu wehlathi ngokuvamile kuthela izithelo.

Ama-Blueberries, noma ama-Blueberries ajwayelekile, noma i-Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).

I-Blueberry Caucasian - i-Vaccinium arctostaphylos

I-Blueberry Caucasian, noma i-Blueberry Caucasian - Okuwukuphela kwesiqalo sendawo ephilayo yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili, ekhuphuka ezintabeni iye kwibhande lasehlathini elingaphezulu. Sisatshalaliswa eCaucasus naseNyakatho ye-Asia Minor (kanye naseNingizimu-mpumalanga yeBulgaria naseNyakatho ye-Iran. Ikhula ezintabeni ikakhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000-2000 ngaphezulu kolwandle, ku-beech, fir kanye ne-spruce-beech, imvamisa kakhulu esifubeni nase amahlathi ama-oki, akha izihlakala ebhandeni lamathafa angaphansi kwenhlabathi futhi avikelekile ezindaweni zemvelo.

Sihlahla esikhulu esiqabayo noma umuthi omncane, kuze kufike ku-2-3 m ukuphakama, ngezithelo ezidliwayo, ezikhula emahlathini naseColchis emahlathini. Amaqabunga (ubude obuyi-6-8 cm) nezithelo makhulu kunalawo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iqhakaza ngoMeyi - Julayi; izithelo zivuthwa ngoJulayi - Agasti. Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka waseCaucasi asetshenziswa kanye namajikijolo amajikijolo ajwayelekile.

I-Blueberry Caucasian, noma iBlueberry Caucasian (Vaccinium arctostaphylos).

I-Blueberry ovalifolia - Vaccinium ovalifolium.

I-Blueberry ovalifolia - inhlobo yezitshalo ezivela eNyakatho Melika Primorye, Sakhalin, Commander, Kuril, Aleutian, Japan, North America. Ikhula emahlathini acwengileko futhi axutshwe emithambekeni yezintaba nasezindaweni eziphakemeyo ezibondayo, ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezincane zemisedari, futhi imvamisa yakha izihlahla ezinkulu.

I-Blueberry oval-leaved, noma i-Blueberry oval-leaved, noma umuthi wokugomela i-Oval-leaved (Vaccinium ovalifolium).

Izici eziwusizo ze-blueberries nezindlela zokusebenzisa

Kudala kwaziwa ukuthi ama-blueberries athuthukisa umbono futhi anciphise ukukhathala kwamehlo. Kufakazelwe ukuthi ama-blueberries asheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwe-retina. Ama-Blueberries akwimenyu ye-astronaut.

Okunye okumangazayo kwama-blueberries kutholwe usosayensi waseMelika waseBoston, uJoseph, uchwepheshe ohola phambili ekugugeni, obike ukuthi izivivinyo zaselabhorathri abekwenzile zikufakazele ukuthi ukudla okune-Blueberry okusebenzayo kuyamelana nezimpawu zokuguga njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, amandla emisipha, umbono kanye ukuxhumeka okungahambisani nokunyakaza.

Ngenhloso yokwelapha, amaqabunga nama-aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovuthiwe ngaphandle kwesiqu kuvunwa. I-decoction ilungiselelwe kusuka amajikijolo (50 g wamajikijolo omisiwe nge-500 ml yamanzi) futhi aphuzwe emini ngezifo ezingamahlalakhona zepheshana lesisu, isifo sohudo, izinhlobo ezinesifo sikashukela, amatshe ezinso, ukopha, i-anemia, i-tonsillitis, ukuvuvukala kwesiqu kanye nokuwohloka kwaso contractility, bedwetting, gout, rheumatism, ukuphazamiseka komzimba.

I-decoction yamajikijolo nayo isetshenziselwa i-enemas nokucindezela ama-hemorrhoids, i-scaly lichen, i-eczema, ukushiswa. I-Decoction noma ukumnika amaqabunga (1: 20) ama-blueberries aphatha isifo sikashukela, ukuvuvukala kwezinsini, umphimbo, izinso kanye ne-renal pelvis, isifo sesibindi namanyikwe. Phuza inkomishi engu-1/2 izikhathi ezingama-3-5 ngosuku.

Ngefomu elisha, elomile nelibilisiwe, ama-blueberries (umhluzi, ukumnika, ujusi kanye nejelly) asetshenziswa njenge-antiseptic, astringentic, antiseptic, antibacterial; ngohudo, i-acute enterocolitis, i-hypoacid gastritis, isifo sohudo, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, i-cystitis, i-urethritis, i-rheumatism (njenge-painkiller). Ama-Blueberries kwinhlanganisela enama-sitrobheli asetshenziselwa kabanzi i-anemia, urolithiasis; njenge-anti-zingotic, uvithamini; ngama-ascites, isifo sikashukela; ngesimo se-lotions, okokugcoba, i-decoction obukhulu futhi kukhishwe - nge-eczema, dermatomycosis, ukusha. Ukumiliselwa kanye ne-decoction ye-blueberries entsha kusetshenziselwa ukugeza nge-stomatitis, pharyngitis, i-tonsillitis. I-decoction of blueberries isetshenziswa ngohlobo lwe-enemas kanye nokucindezela ama-hemorrhoids, njengokuphuza nge-enursis.

Umhluzi wezithelo ze-blueberry unobukhulu: i-100 g yemikhiqizo eluhlaza ebunjiwe ithululelwa ku-500 ml wamanzi abilayo, abilisiwe kuze kube yilapho inani loketshezi lehla laya ku-250-300 ml. Kusetshenziswe ngaphandle ngendlela yezicindezela, kushintsha indlela yokugqoka ngemuva kwamahora 4-5.

Amafutha wezithelo ze-Blueberry: Izithelo ezintsha noma eziphekiwe zingumhlabathi ngendlela yokuthi zithole ukugcotshwa kwamafutha. Faka isicelo ngaphandle, usebenzisa ungqimba obukhulu endaweni ethintekile (i-eczema, i-scaly lichen, iyasha noma njenge-painkiller ye-rheumatism, i-gout, i-neuritis). Ukugqoka kwe-gauze kuguqulwa nsuku zonke, izinsalela ziyahlanzwa nge-serum emsulwa.