I-Watermelon

I-watermelon yesitshalo se-herbaceous yonyaka (i-Citrullus lanatus) imele uhlobo lwe-Watermelon emndenini wakwaPumpkin. Lesi sitshalo ngesokwaso isivuno se-melon, sivela engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Afrika (Lesotho, South Africa, Botswana neNamibia). Namuhla, kulezi zindawo ungathola uhlobo lwe-colocynt, oluhlobene nekhabe, kunguyena ukhokho wamakhosi amasiko. Ngekhulu lama-20 B.C.E., amakhabe ayeselinyelwe eGibhithe lasendulo. Imbewu yalesi sitshalo yatholakala ethuneni likaTutankhamun. Emavesini eVirgil kungenzeka ukuthola ubufakazi bokuthi amaRoma asendulo ayazi ngalesi sitshalo, ayedla amakhabe enosawoti futhi emisha, futhi futhi esetshenziswa ukwenza uju. Bakhulela endaweni yase China, lapho babebizwa khona ngokuthi “i-melon of the West”, kanti ama-Arabhu ayedle ngaphambi kokudla ukuze ahlanze umzimba nawo abandakanyeka ekulimeni amakhabe. Ngenxa yamakhosi ezenkolo, le nkambiso yaphelela eYurophu, ngenkathi yalethwa emkhakheni weRussia yanamuhla ngekhulu le-13-14 lesikhathi sethu. Umholi kwezokulima amakhabe yiChina, kulandele i-Iran, iTurkey, iGibhithe, izifundazwe zaseMelika kanye neRussia ne-Uzbekistan. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhabe akhula zibhekwa njengezikhathi zokucwilisa isikhathi eside nezomile zasehlobo, kanye nobusika obufushane futhi obungabandi kakhulu.

Izici ze-Watermelon

Amahlumela acwebezelayo ekhabethe ayakhamba futhi agobekile, imvamisa ayasulwa-pentahedral, futhi ubude bawo bungafinyelela kuma-400 cm. Ngenkathi isitshalo esincane, amahlumela aso abonakala ngokusobala. Njalo amapuleti amaqabunga aqine aqabunga anomhlaba onamabala okuyi-pubescence. Amacembe anokwakheka okungunxantathu, ngenkathi ezansi enomzimba wenhliziyo. Ubude bamapuleti bunokwehluka kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-22 amasentimitha, nobubanzi - ukusuka kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-18. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyabonakala ehlobo, izimbali zingabesifazane, ama-masculine kanye ne-hermaphroditic, kunamabhulashi afanayo ngesimo sesikebhe. Isithelo bhejane le-watermelon - lunguthanga elinembewu enamazinga amaningi, ingaphezulu lakhona libushelelezi kakhulu, inyama yalo imnandi futhi inojusi, inombala obomvu noma opinki. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zenyama ephuzi ephaphathekile, kuyilapho uqweqwe lwesithelo esinjalo silungile.

Ukhula ikhabe kusuka imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela okuvulekile

I-watermelon ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela ngendlela yokuzala (imbewu). Ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhula leli siko ngokusebenzisa izithombo, futhi uhlwanyele imbewu ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha enhlabathini kwenziwa kuphela ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, kuyilapho umhlaba kufanele ufudumale impela kuze kube ngama-12-14 degrees, futhi kufanele ulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kufanele ilungiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, athululelwa ku-thermos, egcwele amanzi afudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-50). Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ivele ihlume, isuswe ngokucophelela. Ukuze uhlwanyele, kudingeka ulungiselele izimbobo, ukujula kwazo kufanele kube ngu-80 mm, phakathi kwazo kugcine ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-100. Emgodini ngamunye udinga ukuthulula 1 tsp. I-Ammofoski, 1 tbsp. l izinkuni zomlotha kanye ne-1 kg ye-humus, konke kudinga ukuxutshwa kahle nenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho amalitha ambalwa wamanzi kufanele athululelwe emgodini wokufika. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele, imbewu ezi-2 noma ezi-3 zifakwa emthonjeni, ngenkathi zingasondelani kakhulu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, umgodi ugcwele inhlabathi, onyathelwa kahle. Ngemuva kokutshala imbewu kwenziwe, ukuthambisa isiza akudingekile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-7, kungavela izithombo zokuqala. Uma ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa enhlabathini ebandayo, izithombo zizovela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ziyafa ngokuphelele. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ukuhlwanyela imbewu enhlabathini evulekile akufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kweminyaka eyishumi kaMeyi. Ngemuva kokuthi amapuleti amaqabunga ayi-3 noma amane eqale ukwakha ezinhlanyelweni, kufanele ancishiswe ngokususa amapuleti angenamandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amahlumela asikwa ngqo ngaphezu kobuso bendawo.

Ukutshala ikhabe izithombo

Ezifundeni lapho isikhathi sasehlobo sifushane khona, lesi sitshalo sinconywa ukuba sikhule ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa ngoMeyi. Njengoba ithanga lamathanga lisabela kabi ekukhetheni, iziqukathi ngazinye kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuhlwanyela, umthamo wazo okufanele okungenani ube ngu-300 ml. Ukuze uhlwanyele uzodinga i-substrate, okubandakanya umhlaba we-turf, Peat nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1). Kuwo wonke ama-L L angama-5 womxube womhlaba ophumela, uthele amagremu angama-50 we-ammonium nitrate, i-potassium sulfate nefulawa ye-dolomite, kanye nezinye amagremu ayi-100 we-superphosphate ephindwe kabili. Imbewu zizodinga ukulungiswa kokuhlwanyelwa kwangaphambili. Le mbewu ngemizuzu engu-30. cwiliswa emanzini afudumele (cishe ama-degree angama-55), bese efakwa esihlabathini eswakanyisiwe ukuhluma, kanti izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngama-25 degrees. Lapho imbewu ikhombisa amahlumela amancane, ungaqala ukuhlwanyela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zibekwe imbewu engu-2-3 ngaphezulu kwengxube yenhlabathi, oyidingayo ukugcwalisa izinkomishi ngazinye. Imbewu kufanele ifafazwe phezulu ngesendlalelo sesihlabathi, khona-ke iziqukathi kufanele zimbozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene. Izingilazi zihlanzwa endaweni lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela okungenani kuma-30 degrees.

Izithombo zokuqala kufanele zivele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, emva kwalokho udinga ukususa indawo yokukhosela. Amandla wezinsuku eziyi-9 adluliselwa endaweni epholile (ukusuka ku-16 kuye ku-18 degrees). Izithombo ezinjalo kufanele ziniselwe, zondliwe ngesikhathi, futhi uma kunesidingo, bese zikhanyiswa, ngoba amahora okukhanya kwelanga adingekayo kulesi sitshalo kufanele okungenani abe amahora ayi-12. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana, kuyilapho kufanele ulinde kuze kube yilapho uketshezi selungeniswe ngokuphelele emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba, futhi ungavumeli ukuwela phezu kwamahlamvu ezitshalo. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa ipuleti leqabunga lesithathu leqiniso, izitshalo zizodinga ukondliwa nge-mullein ewuketshezi noma ngesisombululo somanyolo onamaminerali. Cishe amasonto ayi-1.5 ngaphambi kokuba amakhabe atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile, kudingeka aqale ukuba lukhuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithombo zidluliselwa emoyeni omusha, ngenkathi isikhathi sale nqubo kumele sanda kancane, ngakho-ke, qala kusuka ehoreni elilodwa futhi ufike amahora angama-24.

I-watermelon pick

Kwakuvele kushiwo ngenhla ukuthi kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukutshuza izithombo zamakhabe, ngoba kungenzeka ukulimaza kakhulu uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ukungena ngepeni kungathandeki kakhulu.

Ukutshala ikhabe emhlabathini ovulekile

Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni

Ukutshala izithombo zamakhabe enhlabathini evulekile kufanele kube yinyanga eyi-1 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu esigabeni sokuklanywa kwalesi sitshalo seqabunga. Njengomthetho, lesi sikhathi siwela ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi noma eyishumi yokuqala kaJuni. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo enelanga elifudumele, elinokuvikelwa okuthembekileko emoyeni. Kufanele itholakale ohlangothini lwaseningizimu mpumalanga noma ngaseningizimu, kanye nezitshalo ze-herbaceous zisetshenziswa (i-melilot, i-alfalfa noma i-sainfoin), iklabishi, ukolweni wasebusika, u-anyanisi, kanye nezitshalo ze-leguminous zonyaka ezikhula kulesi sitshalo se-melon. Iziza lapho ithanga (zucchini, ikhabe, ikhabe noma squash) kanye nightshade (utamatisi, upelepele, amazambane kanye isitshalo seqanda) bezingakulungelanga ukutshala azilungele ukutshala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi endaweni lapho amakhabe akhule khona, uzokwazi ukutshala lesi sitshalo futhi kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engama-6-8.

Umhlabathi ofanele

Ngokutshala amakhabe, inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enesihlabathi ifaneleka kahle, kuyilapho i-pH yayo kufanele ibe ngu-6.5-7. Lungiselela isiza kufanele kusenesikhathi futhi ukwenze ekwindla. Lapho ugaya inhlabathi, kufanele kusetshenziswe umanyolo kuyo, ngakho-ke amagremu ama-40-45 we-superphosphate, amagremu ama-24- 35 we-ammonium sulfate, amakhilogremu ama-4-5 womquba obunjiwe kanye nama-gramu ayi-15-25 kasawoti we-potassium athathwa kumitha eyodwa yesikwele yendawo. Uma inhlabathi isindayo, lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukufaka imigqomo engu-1-2 yesihlabathi ngemitha eyodwa kuso. Umquba omusha akufanele ulethwe emhlabathini.

Imithetho yokutshala izithombo

Embhedeni olungiselelwe, kufanele wenze izimbobo, ibanga phakathi kwawo lingahluka kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-150 cm, futhi phakathi kwemigqa udinga ukushiya ibanga elingamasentimitha angama-200. Ukusuka emgodini ngamunye kufanele uthele kusuka ku-1.5 kuya ku-2 wamalitha amanzi. Lapho utshala izithombo, kuyadingeka ukuyijula ​​kumapulethi eqabunga le-cotyledon. Inhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala kumele ihlanganiswe, emva kwalokho umphezulu wayo oseduze kwesitshalo ongaba amasentimitha ayi-10 kumele umbozwe ngesihlabathi, ozosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwezimpande zokubola. Izithombo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthululwa ngamanzi afudumele. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuze kufike lapho amapuleti eqabunga ebuyisela i-turgor, isitshalo kufanele sivikelwe elangeni eliqondile.

Ukukhulisa ikhabe endaweni ebamba ukushisa

Uma isikhathi sasehlobo esifundeni simfishane futhi sibanda, kunconywa ukuthi kukhuliswe amakhabe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngoba isikhathi sesikhathi sezitshalo sesitshalo esinjalo kwezinye izimo sifinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-150, futhi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zezinsuku zasehlobo ezifudumele zimfushane kakhulu. Ukusheshisa inqubo, izithombo zinconyelwa ukuba zikhule ezimweni zamakamelo, bese zitshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngaphansi kokuhlanganiswa kwefilimu kabili.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kwenziwa eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu ka-Ephreli. Ukutshala izithombo ezikhulayo endaweni ebamba ukushisa kungenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuba umhlaba ufudumele kahle kuwo (kufinyelela kumadigri ayi-12-14). Ungakhohlwa ukulungiselela inhlabathi kusengaphambili engadini, ngoba lokhu ungqimba oluphezulu ekujuleni kwe-bayonet kufanele lususwe. Emseleni odlulayo kufanele kubekwe i-humus ngotshani, ngaphezulu kwalolu ungqimba kufanele kufafazwe ngomanyolo oqukethe i-nitrogen, bese uchithwa ngamanzi ashisayo. Ngaphezulu kwalolu ungqimba, udinga ukubeka ungqimba lomhlabathi olususwe ngaphambili. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, umbhede kufanele umbozwe ngezinto ezimbozekayo ezimnyama, uzodinga kuphela ukususwa ngaphambi kokuba izithombo zitshalwe ngokushesha.

Imigodi yokutshala itholakala emibhedeni ibanga le-0,7 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ungakhohlwa ukumba lesi sitshalo ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-10 enhlabathini. Ngemuva kokutshala, ungafaka ngokushesha i-trellis, ezoba imivimbo ekhula ngamandla. Ukuqoqa isivuno esihle, akufanele ukhohlwe ukusebenzisa izinyosi eziningana ku-greenhouse. Kodwa-ke, kungcono kakhulu uma ungahambisa izimbali ngokwakho, kuyilapho kudingeka ukuthi ubheke ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila sezimbali zesilisa singamahora ambalwa kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukukhumula izimbali eziningana zabesilisa futhi unqume ngokucophelela wonke amacembe abo. Ngokuhlukile faka ama-anthers abo ezinhlwini zezimbali zabesifazane. Kuhle kakhulu uma izimbali zezinsikazi ngayinye zivuthwa izimbali eziningana zesilisa ngasikhathi sinye. I -ermermonons eyakhiwe ngokulingene iyadingeka ekuseni, kanti ku-greenhouse izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ku-degrees angu-18-20. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ebusuku ngaphambi kokungcolisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-greenhouse akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-degrees ayi-12.

Ukuze imivimbo ikhule ngokushesha, zizodinga ipanini, kepha kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi akufanele kudlule amapuleti amaqabunga angama-3-5 ngaphezulu kwesithelo, futhi wonke lawo makhasi angenamandla kakhulu kufanele asuswe. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi esihlahleni esi-1 akumele kube khona ama-ovaries angaphezu kwama-5, ngakho-ke amanye angeziwe kufanele anqunywe.

Isikhathi sokuqala lapho izitshalo zondliwa ngemuva kokuba imivimbo yazo ifinyelele kubude obungu-0,25 kuya ku-0.5 m. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-grooves enziwa kude ne-0 m m ukusuka esitshalweni, kunconywa ukuthi uthele imvuthuluka yenkukhu ebilisiwe ye-lime (1:20) noma isixazululo se-mullein (1: 10). Okwesibili ikhabe londliwe ngaphambi kokuba amabhlogo akheke, futhi okwesithathu lapho kwakhiwa amaqanda, kodwa-ke, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi esimweni sokuqala nesesibili ama-grooves azodinga ukwenziwa ngokusuka emahlahleni okungenani ama-0.4 m. Umanyolo we-Organic (imfucumfucu yenkukhu noma i-mullein) ilungele kahle ukondla lesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke asetshenziswa esimweni sokuqala nesesibili. Ngemuva kokuthi izithelo ziqale ukukhula ngentshiseko, kufanele ziguqulwe njalo, okuzovumela ukuthi zivuthwe ngokulinganayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu futhi nokufudumala ku-greenhouse kuhlelele.

Ukunakekelwa Kwemanzi

Uma amakhabe akhula endle, khona-ke ukuzinakekela kulula. Kepha ukuze uvune isivuno esihle, kufanele ucabangele ama-nuances amaningi abalulekile maqondana nokunakekelwa kwalesi sitshalo. Lapho unakekela amakhabe, udinga ukusika izithombo ngesikhathi, amanzi nezitshalo zokhula ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kanye nokuncipha imivimbo bese kukhulula umhlabathi. Ngenkathi kwakhiwa amapuleti amaqabunga ama-3 noma ama-4, izithombo zezithombo zizodinga ukukhishwa, kuyilapho isitshalo esisodwa noma ezimbili kufanele zihlale emgodini, zonke izithombo ezedlulele kufanele zisikwe ngqo ngaphezu komhlabathi. Uma ufisa, ungazama ukutshala izitshalo ezengeziwe, ngoba kunethuba elihle lokuthi uzophumelela. Lapho ama-ovari esihlahleni akhiwe ngokuphelele, udinga ukukhetha izingcezu ezi-6 kuphela, bese ususa konke okunye. Uma izithelo zilele phezu kwenhlabathi, khona-ke kufanele kubekwe into engaboli (ucezu lwapulasitiki, uphahla noma uphahla).

Ungaphuzisa kanjani

Ukuchelela kwenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-7, noma kunjalo kufanele kube kuningi, ngoba lama-30 l amanzi athathwa ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. Uma isimo sezulu sishisa noma isikhathi sokuqhuma kwezimbali sesiqale, khona-ke isonto lizodinga ukunisela okumbalwa, futhi uzodinga ukumanzisa womabili umhlabathi wenhlabathi ozungeze izitshalo nomhlaba phakathi kwezintambo. Ngemuva kokuba izithelo sezakhiwe, kunciphisa kancane kancane ukuthambisa kwenziwa, futhi ngobusuku obubili ngaphambi kokuvuna, kufanele kumiswe ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi yehlobo, izitshalo zidinga ukuthambisa okuningana okungu-3-4: ngesikhathi kusungulwa ipuleti leqabunga elingu-5-7, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, ngisho nasekuqalekeni kokubumba kwezithelo.

Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, lapho kudlula izinsuku eziyi-1-2 ngemuva kokunisela, kubalulekile ukukhulula ingaphezulu lesakhiwo kuze kufike ekujuleni kwama-60 mm, futhi wonke ukhula kufanele udatshulwe. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zivaliwe ngemigqa, utshani bokhula ngeke busakwazi ukuzilimaza. Kulokhu, kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kunconywa ukuthi uyeke ukukhipha ukhula, futhi ukhulule inhlabathi, njengoba uhlelo lwe-watermelon lufinyeleleka ngezindlela ezihlukile, futhi kulula kakhulu ukulimaza nge-chopper.

Umanyolo

Lapho kuthatha isigamu senyanga ngemuva kokufakela izithombo emhlabathini, amakhabe azodinga ukugqoka okuphezulu. Kokondla kokuqala, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isixazululo se-ammonium nitrate (ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi amanzi angama-20 amagremu), kuyilapho kuthathwa amalitha ambalwa ale ngxube yezakhi. Esikhundleni se-nitrate, ungasebenzisa amaconsi enkukhu (1: 20) noma i-mullein (1: 10), ngenkathi ngamalitha ayi-10 engxube uzodinga ukuncibilikisa amagremu ayi-15 e-calcium chloride kanye nama-30 amagremu we-superphosphate.

Okwesibili lapho izitshalo zidla khona lapho kusungulwa ama-buds, kuyilapho kuthathwa amagremu ama-6 we-superphosphate kanye nama-4 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate ne-calcium chloride esihlahleni ngasinye. Uma ukondla amakhabe ngamanyolo owomile, khona-ke indawo leyo kufanele iniselwe ngaphambi nangemva kokondla.

Izifo kanye nezinambuzane zamakhabe

Izifo

Ngokuvamile amakhabe ajwayelekile athinteka ekubunjweni okumhlophe, okumpunga, okumnyama nezimpande, i-powdery hlobo - okuyiqiniso nokwamanga, i-anthracnose, i-angular ne-olive blotch kanye ne-mosaic. Ukuze wandise kakhulu ukumelana kwalesi siko ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela kahle imbewu yokutshala nenhlabathi yokutshala, futhi kufanele ulandele yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo balesi siko. Kulokhu, izihlahla ngeke zilimaze nakancane, futhi futhi akukho hlambazana eliyohlala kuzo. Kepha noma kunjalo, kunobungozi bokubukeka kwe-ikhabe konakaliswa yizifo nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwazi ukukhomba izitshalo ezinesifo ngesikhathi esifanele futhi uzenzele.

I-Powdery hlobo

I-Powdery hlobo yisifo sokukhunta.Kuvela umucu omhlophe qwa ebusweni bompunga. Ukufa kwamapuleti amaqabunga athintekile kuyabonakala, izithelo ziphela ukunambitheka kwazo futhi zingathandeki, futhi ukuvela kwazo nokubola kuyabonakala futhi.

I-Peronosporosis

I-Peronosporosis (Downy isikhutha) nayo yisifo sokukhunta. Kodwa-ke, kuleli cala, kuphela amapulethi amadala amadala athintekayo kuqala, bese kuba yilaba abancane kuphela. Ngaphezulu kwamahlamvu, amabala angular wefomu lombala ophuzi, kuyilapho kuvela umucu ophuzi onsomi ohlangothini olungalungile. Izithelo ziba ngesimo esibi, futhi ukukhula kwazo kuyeke.

Ukubuka i-Olive

Uma isihlahla sithinteka ukuqothuka kwe-olive, khona-ke amabala akhiwa kuyo yonke ingxenye yayo esemoyeni, enesimo esingajwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu, amapuleti amaqabunga ayagcwala, ngenkathi kuyi-petioles bese kuphendula izilonda zombala we-olive. Ukomisa nokufa kwamaqanda kuyabonakala.

Ukubuka ngamabala

Izithwali eziphambili ze-bacteriosis (amabala angular) yizinambuzane. Emahlathini athintekile ezingxenyeni zasemoyeni, kuvela amabala anamafutha anombala omhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimbobo zakha amaqabunga amaqabunga, bese ziyafa, amahlumela abune, izithelo ziba sobala, zithambile futhi ukukhula kwazo kuyeke.

Anthracnose

I-Copper (anthracnose) nayo iyisifo fungal. Ngenxa yalokhu, amabala anemibala ephuzi noma onsundu anemicamelo emibalabala ephuzi asemafulethini amaqabunga. Uma isimo sezulu simanzi, lapho-ke kuvela umbala opinki ngaphezulu. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, ukomiswa kwesihlahla nokufa kwaso kuyabonakala.

Ukubola okumpunga

Impunga, emhlophe, emnyama, kanye nokubola kwezimpande nayo ibhekwa njengezifo zokukhunta. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngayinye yalezi zifo ingaholela ekufeni kwezitshalo nezitshalo. Grey, black and white bola kuholela ekubhujisweni kwamahlumela, amahlamvu nezithelo zalesi sitshalo, kuyilapho ukubola kwezimpande kuthinta uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla.

Ikhukhamba kaMose

Ikhukhamba mosaic yisifo esibangelwa amagciwane namuhla esibhekwe njengengelapheki. Esihlahleni esithintekile, kuphakanyiswa iphethini elinobuhle emafulethini amaqabunga, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani nokuluhlaza. Ukuqina kwesihlahla ekukhuleni kuyabonakala, futhi ebusweni kunezifuba, ukudumba kanye namachashazi.

Izinambuzane

Ingozi enkulu kulesi sitshalo kusuka kuzo zonke izinambuzane eziyingozi ama-scoops, ama-gourds kanye ne-aphid.

Ama-Wireworms

I-wireworm izibungu ze-nutcracker, ezibukeka njengengxenye ye-wire eqinile. Isinambuzane esinjalo silimaza imbewu, kanye nezithombo zalesi sitshalo.

Ama-aphid amnandi

I-Melon aphid ibangela ukulimala okukhulu kumakhabe, ngoba incela ujusi wemifino kuyo. Futhi lesi sinambuzane sithathwa njengesithwali esikhulu sesifo se-virus esingalapheki njenge-mosaic.

Ama-scoops asebusika

Ubusika, kanye nama-scoops aluma, abeka amaqanda ekhanda. Amakhethini avela emaqanda, aqala ukudla lesi sitshalo, agedla izimpande zawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, liphenduka liphuzi bese liyafa.

Ukusebenza kwe-Watermelon

Ochwepheshe beluleka ukulwa nezifo zokukhunta ngosizo lwamalungiselelo we-fungicidal: Uketshezi lweBordeaux, i-Decis, i-Fundazole, i-Skor, njll. Uzokwazi ukukhetha umuthi ofanele esitolo esikhethekile. Kepha kuzoba ngcono kakhulu esikhundleni ukuvimba izitshalo ukuthi zingaguli, ngoba lokhu kufanele unamathele emithethweni yobuchwepheshe bezolimo bokushintshana kwezitshalo, futhi unakekele nezithelo ezivuthiwe kahle. Kulokhu, izinkinga ezinamakhabe akumele zivele nakancane kanti nezifo zesikhunta zingakhohlwa.

Uma ama-aphid ezinze ezihlahleni, ungasebenzisa indlela yabantu ukuyibhubhisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufafaza izingxenye zesitshalo lapho kutholakala inkathazo, ngengxube equkethe uthuli lukathayela nomlotha wokhuni (1: 1), kufanele kufafazwe ngamanzi. Ingxenye yesithathu yehora ngemuva kokwelashwa, umhlabathi ongaphezulu kwesiza kufanele ukhululwe, ozobhubhisa lezo zinambuzane eziwele phansi. Ukususa lezi zibungu, isheyithi senzelwa zona izinsalela zezinambuzane ezinambitheka kamnandi noma izingcezu zikawoyela. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, aqoqwe, inqubo enjalo izosiza nokukhipha i-wireworm. Ukuze usungule isiheho, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukujula kwamamitha isigamu emhlabathini, khona-ke izingcezu zezilimo zezimpande ezimnandi nekhekhe ziphonswe kuwo. Imigodi enjalo kufanele imbozwe ngezihlangu. Izicupho ziyavulwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-1-2, okuqukethwe kwefossa kuyasuswa futhi kushiswe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinambuzane eziyingozi, njengomthetho, zizinza emabhasini abuthakathaka, ezinganakekelwa kahle.

Ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kwamakhabe

Ama-watermelons avunwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba efinyelele esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuthwa okususwayo, imvamisa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa okugcwele. Uma izithelo zivunwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke zivuthwe esitolo. Futhi amakhabe aqoqwe kamuva awalungele ukugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ukubona isimo sokuvuthwa kokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe umbala wembewu kanye noshizi we-fetus, isimilo sezinhlobonhlobo zomuntu ngamunye. Izithelo eziqoqwe ngesikhathi zinenyama epinki, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ziyavuthwa futhi umbala wazo ushintsha ubomvu, ngenkathi ikhabe lingalahlekelwa ubumnandi balo. Ama-watermelons amamaki sekwephuzile afanele ukulondolozwa okude kakhulu, anesixaka esinyene futhi esiminyene, kuyilapho ukwakheka kwepulpiti kushubile.

Ama-watermelons waphakathi nesizini namabanga okuqala ayavunwa njengoba evuthwa, angakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula (ukukha, ukuthosa noma ukwenza ujamu), kanye nokudla okusha. Kulokhu, ukuvunwa kwamakhabe ezinhlobo ezifike sekwedlule isikhathi, okuhloselwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, kwenziwa ngaphambi kokubanda, ngoba lokhu usebenzisa ummese obukhali noma ama-secateurs, asikwa kanye ne-peduncle engaba ngu-50 mm ubude. Akunconyelwe ukuklebhula izithelo ziphunyuke, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona ukubola okuphezulu esizeni sokuhlukanisa.

Ngokugcina isikhathi eside, izithelo ezinobukhulu obumaphakathi kanye ne-glossy thick crust okungafanele ilimale (akukho ukukluka, udayi, imifantu, noma izindawo ezithambile) zilungile. Akuvunyelwe ukulahla izithelo ngesikhathi sokuhamba, futhi akufanele zibekwe endaweni enzima, amagilavu ​​kumele asetshenziswe ngenkathi usebenza. Lapho ubeka izithelo, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azithinteki, ezizovimba ukukhula kokubola kwezithelo. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokubeka amakhabe zibhekwa njengegumbi elinomoya omnandi, onomswakama womoya kusuka kumaphesenti angama-75 kuye kwangama-85 kanye nokushisa kwama-degree angama-1-4. Kunezindlela eziningana zokugcina:

1. Ehlathini udinga ukuqoqa ama-moss owomile, ukwenze ngosuku oluhle kwelanga. Thatha ibhokisi lezinkuni bese ulinganisa phansi kwalo ngohlaka lwe-moss, okufanele lube lukhuni ngokwanele. Ngemuva kwalokho ibheji libekwe ngaphezulu, kufanele limbozwe kuzo zonke izinhlangothi nge-moss efanayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ungabeka amanye amakhabethe ebhokisini elifanayo, futhi ungakhohlwa ukumboza ngamunye wabo nge-moss.
2. I-moss ingathathelwa indawo ngomlotha wezinkuni uma ufisa. Ama-watermelons angafakwa emiphongolweni noma emabhokisini, ngenkathi ewathululela ngomlotha. Iziqukathi zivalwe ngokuqinile bese zifakwa egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba ukuze ligcinwe.
3. Olunye lwezithelo kufanele lugcobhozwe ku-alabaster noma ku-mash yobumba, ukuvumelana kwalo okufanele kubukeke njengokhilimu omuncu omuncu. Lindela ukuthi inhlanganisela yomile ngokuphelele, bese ugcina amakhabe emiseleni ukuze agcinwe.
4. Faka esikhundleni i-alabaster noma ubumba ngephalafini noma nge-wax. Kumele ancibilike ngamanzi okugeza. Ngemuva kwalokho, ikhabe ngalinye kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo esifinyelela ku-0.5 cm. Ngemuva kwalokho, izithelo zokwehliswa ukuze zigcinwe emiphongolweni.
5. Ikhabethe ngalinye lidinga ukugoqwa ngendwangu eminyene, okumele ibe yimvelo. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa kugridi bese zimiswa ophahleni emiphongolweni.
6. Emiphongolweni, kuyadingeka ukufaka ama-racks, kuyilapho utshani bubekwa emashalofini awo ungqimba olwanele ngokwanele. Izithelo zibekwe emashalofini, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuzisonga ngotshani.
7. Thola indawo epholile futhi emnyama ngokuphelele endlini noma efulethini lakho. Lapho udinga ukubeka izithelo endaweni yokubeka, futhi zonke izinsuku kufanele ziguqulwe.

Noma ngabe iyiphi indlela yokugcina oyikhethayo, ochwepheshe bacebisa ukuthi kuhlolwe njalo amakhabe (cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-7), lapho uzokwazi ukususa izithelo ezibolile ngendlela efanelekile, okuzogwema ukusakazeka okwengeziwe kokubola. Uma ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ezifanele, kanye nendlela efanele nendawo yokubeka, amakhuphoni angagcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhabe

Onke amakhabe abalimi abakhulisa kuwo izingadi zabo kumasayithi abo, kanye nalezo ezingathengwa esitolo noma emakethe, luhlobo lweWatermelon. Kunezinhlobo ezi-2: i-African bokma melon (i-Citrullus lanatus var. I-Citroides), lesi sitshalo singatholakala esimweni semvelo eBotswana, South Africa, Namibia kanye neLesotho kanye ne-watermelon yohlobo lwe- (Citrullus lanatus var. Lanatus), esivame cishe kuwo wonke umuntu, sitholakala kuphela emasikweni ifomu. IWoolly ikhabe inezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo, kanti iningi labo lazalwa libonga abafuyi baseYurophu, baseMelika nabase-Asia. Lokhu kuzochazwa ngemininingwane engezansi.

Zonke izinhlobo zamakhabe zenzelwe ukutshala inhlabathi evulekile zihlukaniswe ukuvuthwa kokuqala, okuphakathi nendawo noku sekwephuzile (zikhule ezifundeni ezinezikhathi zasehlobo ezinde nezifudumele). Lapho ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zalesi sitshalo, kunconywa ukuthi kubhekwe izici eziningana: ukumelana nesomiso nokumelana nokubanda, ukumelana nezilokazane nezifo, kanye nekhono lokukhula kanye nesidingo somanyolo.

Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe

1. IVictoria. Le hybrid yaseMelika, ukuvuthwa kwayo okuyizinsuku ezingama-62 (kwesinye isikhathi isikhathi eside). Ama-watermelons ayindilinga futhi anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10 ngokwesilinganiso.
2. I-Scorik. Ama-watermelons amancane aluhlaza anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amane. Emaphethelweni banemivimbo emfushane emfushane. Inyama emnandi obomvu inombala obomvu, ihlukaniswa ngokuqina okuphezulu. Ikhasi likhulu.
3. UJenny. Le hybrid yaseMelika i-Ultra-mapema; ukuvuthwa kuyabonakala kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-54. Kusukela kumakhabe ayi-4 kuya kwayi-6 amakhabethe aluhlaza ojwayelekile akhula esihlahleni esisodwa, anemizila emincane ngombala omnyama. Ngokwesilinganiso, banesisindo esingamakhilogremu 1.5. I-peel is mncane, futhi imbewu isayizi yembewu yamagilebhisi. I-pulp inombala ocebile nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
4. Stabolite. Le nhlobonhlobo ihamba phambili kunayo yonke inzalo engenazithombo. Ukuvuthwa kugcinwa kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-62. Izithelo ezinkulu eziqinile zinesimo esidlulileko ne-pulp emnandi. Ekuvinjelweni kwe-hybrid enjalo, izinhlobo ze-Lady, Trophy ezivela ku-Nunems growar ziyasetshenziswa.
5. Qhafaza. Le nhlobonhlobo yavinjwa abafuyi base Russia. Amakhabe amancane, ambozwe ngesikhumba esincanyana, ane-pulp emnandi kakhulu, ngokwesilinganiso anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amabili.
6. UDolby. Le hybrid yaseMelika enezithelo ezinkulu iyamelana nengcindezi nokukhiqiza. Ukuvuthwa kugcinwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60.

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa okuphakathi

1. Lobebok. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa yizinsuku ezingama-75-90. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nesomiso, izifo kanye nezinambuzane. Ama-watermelons aphakathi nendawo aluhlaza anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amahlanu. Phezu kwekhasi elincanyana kukhona imichilo emibi. Ipulangwe ephakathi nendawo inombala opinki obomvu futhi inambitha okuhle.
2. Isibhamu esiphezulu. Le nhlobo ingenye yezinhlobo zezitshalo zaseMelika ezaziwa kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuvula yizinsuku ezingama-70-75. Ama-watermelons amakhulu ayindilinga anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10. Inyama icrispy, ipendiwe ngombala obomvu omnyama, imbewu incane ngosayizi. Le nhlobonhlobo imelana ne-anthracnose, futhi izithelo zayo zigcinwa kahle.
3. UDumara. Le hybrid ihlukaniswa umkhiqizo wayo, ukuvuthwa kugcinwa kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-75. Ukuma kwamakhabe yi-oval cuboid, inyama ithambile futhi imnandi, imbewu nayo inesisa kakhulu.
4. U-Antey. Amakhabe onjenge-oval-cube ane-pulp ebuthakathaka, amnandi kunezinye izinhlobo. Kunconywa ukondla ngemanyolo we-organic.
5. Ataman. Le nhlobonhlobo, eyenziwe ngabazalisi basekhaya, ukukhula ngezinsuku ezingama-66-86. Amakhabe ayindilinga ajikelezayo anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-10. I-pulp imnandi kakhulu, inombala obomvu nobukhulu obuphakathi.

Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ezifika emuva kwesikhathi

1. Ntwasahlobo. Le nhlobonhlobo ilungele ukukhula endaweni ebamba ukushisa kanye nekhabe. Amakhabe angama-Smooth anomzimba owindilinga-oyindilinga, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu amathathu. Phezu kwekhasi banegridi yemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engemuva lomnqumo. Inyama emnandi nenethezekile igqamile, ipendiwe ngombala obomvu omnyama. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-105.
2. I-Icarus. Izinhlobonhlobo ziyamelana nesomiso futhi zibonakala ngokukhiqiza. Isikhathi sokukhula siyizinsuku ezingama-88-110. Ama-watermelons anesisindo esingu-3-16 kilos. Ikhasi eliluhlaza elimnyama liqine kakhulu, ebusweni balo kunemivimbo ebonakalayo. I-pulp emnandi kakhulu ipendwe ngombala obomvu we-raspberry. Izithelo zigcinwa kahle kakhulu (kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube uMashi).
3. Chill. Le nhlobonhlobo ithandwa kakhulu yazo zonke izinhlobo sekwephuzile. Isikhathi sokuvula cishe izinsuku eziyi-100. Amakhabe abukeka njenge-Ellipse enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-15-25, ahlukaniswe buthaka, ngaphezulu kwegxolo elinamandla, luhlaza okupendwe ngalo, kukhona imivimbo ecishe ibe mnyama. Inyama ebomvu eyenziwe ngopende opinki, inyama imnandi kakhulu. Ama-watermelons angagcinwa izinyanga ezintathu.
4. UMelania. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokuqala; kuvuthwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-80. Ukuma kwamakhabe kuyinto okusaqanda, anesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-12. Phezu kwephepha eliluhlaza kukhona imichilo ebanzi yombala oluhlaza okotshani. I-pulp ebomvu emnyama icrispy kakhulu, imbewu encane.

Uma unesifiso sokukhulisa izinhlobo ezithile ezingejwayelekile, khona-ke ungakhetha i-American hybrid California Cross, izithelo zazo zikhulu kakhulu, noma izinhlobo zaseJapan ezingafani nhlobo ezishiywe ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo ezivela eH Islandido Densuke Island, ukugqwala kwamakhabe ayo cishe kumnyama. I-Pepkinos inamakhabe amancane amancane; angabekwa emlonyeni wonke. IChervonny King engenalwazi ebangeni ilungele labo abangazithandi imbewu kumakhabe. Uhlobo oluhlukile olungafani nalutho lwadalwa ngumfuyi ovela e-Astrakhan, izithelo zalo zinambitheka we-nati, futhi futhi wadala nezinhlobonhlobo zeLunar: inyama yamakhabe aphuzi futhi ine-flavour kalamula.