Abantu abaqale babona isitshalo sikaphayinaphu, abakholelwa neze ukuthi lesi akuyona indawo eshisayo esejwayele ukuhlala ezimeni zokuntuleka komswakama, kepha ngotshani. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, ama-specimens ngamanye angakhula afike kumamitha amabili ukuphakama, futhi ububanzi be-rosette abenziwe ngamaqabunga kanzima buqala ukusuka kumamitha ayi-2 kuya kwayi-2,5. Futhi, noma kunjalo, uphayinaphu isitshalo se-herbaceous se-perennial esisetshenziswe umuntu amakhulu eminyaka.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kutholwe izwekazi laseMelika, izizwe zasendaweni zazikhulisa uphayinaphu ukukhiqiza izithelo ezimnandi nezinoshukela nogqinsi oqinile, owawuzokwakha izingubo, amakethi, amanetha okudoba nobhasikidi.
Namuhla, isiko lamukelwa njengenye yamazwe abaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo zezolimo. Amaphayinaphu akhula emasimini amakhulu hhayi kuphela ENingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, kodwa futhi esifundeni sase-Asia, e-Australia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ambalwa. Ezimweni sezulu ezifudumele, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule uphayinaphu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Futhi kumafasitela asekhaya nasezivandeni lolu siko lusetshenziswa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ubuhle.
Khula kanjani uphayinaphu?
Njengoba uphayinaphu uyisitshalo sonyaka, sichitha izinyanga zokuqala ngemuva kokutshala ukudala irosette yamaqabunga. Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqu sikhula bese sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-80, lapho kusuka khona amaqabunga acashileko aqhakazile, atshalwe endaweni eyindilinga, anwebe.
Naphezu kokuqina kwayo nokuba khona kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zesipinashi ezibukhali emaphethelweni, amaqabunga asesigabeni lawo anamuncu kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezindaweni zokuhlala zangempela, kwesinye isikhathi izitshalo zithola ukuntuleka okukhulu komswakama. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti amaqabunga kuhloselwe ukuqoqwa kwamanzi, lapho imvula namazolo ehla khona bese kwehla esihlahleni, lapho ingaphezulu lephayinaphu linohlelo lwezimpande lwangaphandle.
Amanzi futhi anqwabelana epulpiti enamanzi yamaqabunga, ukuze kuthi uma kunesidingo, asekele isitshalo sonke kanye nokwakheka kwengane. Kukhula malini uphayinaphu kuze kufike lapho izithelo zivela kuso? Iphayinaphu isilungele ukuqhakaza ezinyangeni eziyi-12-18 ngemuva kokutshala. Leli gama lingashiyana ngokuya ngezinhlobo nezitshalo ezahlukahlukene, kepha inqubo yokwakheka kwe-inflorescence nezithelo ziyefana kuzo zonke izinhlobo.
Kokukhuphuka okungaphezulu kwesiqu, okungenamaqabunga kwesiqu, izimbali ezincane ezihlanganiswa zibe yi-inflorescence emise okomhluzi. Inani lama-corollas, ubude obungadluli ku-1.5-2 cm futhi linombala we-lilac noma onsomi-onsomi, ku-inflorescence kungafinyelela kumakhulu amabili. Okokuqala, izimbali ezinezimbali ezimbili ezivulekile emahlanjini aphansi, bese izimbali ziye zifinyelele kumahlumela aphezulu.
Amaqanda kukhona amajikijolo athi, cishe ngemuva kokwakheka, aqala ukuhlangana nomunye, akha uphayinaphu omnandi owaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu ngaphansi kwepende elilodwa eliqinile.
Kuthatha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyi-6 ukuthi u-matric avuthwe, emva kwalokho asikiwe. Futhi kukhula kanjani uphayinaphu?
Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, lesi sitshalo siqala ukwakha ngokushesha amahlumela endodakazi atholakala kuzo zombili zamaqabunga naphansi kwerosette, nangaphansi kwesithelo. Lapho izithelo ze-juicy zisikiwe, isitshalo siphulukana nephuzu layo eliyinhloko lokukhula, futhi ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kungaqhubeka ngenxa yamahlumela amasha.
Lokhu kwenzeka uma uphayinaphu ukhula emvelweni. Futhi izithelo ezingagawulwa ngumuntu, ngaphakathi kuzo kumaphayinaphu asendle kunezincane, kuze kube amamitha ayi-3 ubude, izinqubo ezilandelwayo ziyindlela yokuqhubeka nempilo nokusabalalisa isiko.
Imbewu yezithelo ezidliwe yizilwane nezinyoni, iwela emhlabathini, inikeze ihlumela elisha, bese amahlumela avela ezimpandeni kalula.
Kepha kumaphayinaphu athengiswa ezitolo, noma ngabe ubhekisisa kakhulu, kungenzeka ukuthi uzokwazi ukuthola okungenani imbewu embalwa. Khula kanjani uphayinaphu emasimini nasezinyini zezithombo? Futhi imbewu inyamalala kuphi?
Khula kanjani uphayinaphu emasimini?
Njengoba uphayinaphu usudume kakhulu emhlabeni wonke, abalimi benza umsebenzi wokutshala hhayi kuphela eMelika naseMelika Ephakathi, lapho lesi sitshalo satholakala okokuqala futhi sakhula kusukela kudala, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo ezilungele izimo zezulu. Amahlathi amakhulu amakhulu kaphayinaphu akhona e-Asia, eSouth Africa, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika.
Lapha, isiko litshalwa ngobuchwepheshe obunzima busebenzisa izinhlobo ezinkulu zokuvuthwa zokuqala ezinezithelo. Amaphayinaphu angena emhlabathini ngesimo sezinsika ezisikiwe ngobude okungenani amasentimitha angama-20. Izitshalo zitshalwe ngendlela yemigqa emibili, zishiya ibanga elingaba ngamamitha ayi-1.5-2 phakathi kwamaphayinaphu ngamanye nokwenza indawo ebanzi yomugqa.
Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zingaqhakaza izinyanga eziyi-12 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini. Lapho isivuno sesivuniwe, izitshalo ziyavunwa, bese kuthi okusha okutholwe amahlumela emaqabungeni ezinhlamvu zamahlamvu kutshalwe endaweni yazo.
Ezindaweni ezishisayo, kusetshenziswa izindlela zokunisela ezenziwe ngomshini, imidlwane yesimanje nemikhiqizo yokulawula izifo, kanye nokufaka umanyolo endaweni evulekile kungenzeka ukuthi kukhule izilimo ezintathu ngonyaka.
Kodwa akuyona yonke into elula kakhulu ekukhuliseni uphayinaphu emasimini. Kuyavela ukuthi ukuthola isivuno esikhulu esihleliwe, izitshalo ziyaphoqeleka ukuqhakaza. Ngenkathi ngaphambili, intuthu yomlilo ojwayelekile yayisetshenziselwa lokhu, namuhla baphendukela ekutsaleni amasango nge-acetylene. Ngaphansi kwethonya legesi kuphela, uphayinaphu emasimini uqala ukubeka izimbali.
I-inflorescence evela kwi-peduncle ende ayinciphisi ukukhathazeka kwabalimi. Kuyavela ukuthi kungenzeka ukufezekisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo lapho kungekho khona imbewu noma izithutha nje kuphela, ngokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwezitshalo.
Kulokhu, izindlela zokuzivikela ezifweni zezinambuzane ziyasetshenziswa, ngisho nezicubu zokuzivikela zifakwa ku-inflorescence ngayinye. Kuyiqiniso, eHawaii, ngokwesibonelo, izitshalo zalolu hlobo azithandi ukuphoqelela izinyosi noma izimvemvane, kodwa ama-hummingbird.
Amaphayinaphu endaweni eluhlaza okotshani: isivuno esingajwayelekile esivela egcekeni lasehlobo
Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, uphayinaphu eYurophu, njengezivakashi ezamukelekayo ezivela ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, zazitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Namuhla kuyenzeka futhi, ikakhulukazi njengoba ubuchwepheshe besimanje benza lula ukugcinwa kwamaphayinaphu endaweni eluhlaza bese kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwabo. Ngenxa yohlobo lwengxenye yohlelo lwezimpande, isidingo sophayinaphu emhlabathini sikhawulelwe ungqimba olungama-cm angama-20. Ngohlelo oluhlelelwe kahle lokunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu, kanye nenhlangano yokukhanya okwengeziwe kwamahora ayi-6-8, uphayinaphu uyakhula, njengoba kusesithombeni, akukho okubi ukwedlula ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezishisayo.
Amazinga afanele okutshala lesi sitshalo ngu-23-30 ° C. Isizinda sokushisa esiphansi noma esiphakeme sithinta kakhulu isilinganiso sokuthuthuka kwezitshalo, ezibuthakathaka futhi ezingabhekana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo nokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
Umhlaba wepayinaphu ulungiswa ngokukhethekile ngokuxuba inhlabathi yengadi, i-humus, i-perlite, i-peat futhi ingeza namalahle ahlanganisiwe. Izitshalo zihlobene kahle ne-acidity ethile ekhuphukile, izinga lapho emhlabathini ingafinyelela amayunithi angama-4.0-5.0. Ukuze uyilondoloze, uphayinaphu obamba ukushisa ungathelwa ngamanzi afudumele ane-acid. Umswakama wokunisela nangokunisela amahlamvu kufanele ungabandi kunomoya. Kuyadingeka ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngokucophelela ukuze ungabangeli ukudabukisa kwamanzi nokubola kohlelo lwezimpande nesiqu.
Njengamaphayinaphu emasimini, ukuthola isivuno, izitshalo endaweni ebamba ukushisa nazo ziphathwa nge-acetylene noma ziboshelwe intuthu izikhathi eziningana ngentuthu. Mangaki amaphayinaphu akhula ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa lapho ungalinda isivuno sokuqala? Lapho usebenzisa izinto zokutshala ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ukunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokufakwa umanyolo kokutshala ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo okusebenzayo, isikhathi sokutholwa kophayinaphu ovuthiwe ku-greenhouse asisekho nje endaweni evulekile.
Iphayinaphu ebhodweni
Njengesiko elibunjiwe, uphayinaphu usetshenziswa kabanzi e-United States, eningizimu yeYurophu nakwamanye amazwe anesimo sezulu esifudumele. Isitshalo esikhulu esibukekayo sihlobisa kahle ingadi kanye nendlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokutshala, okungezona izitshalo ze-Ananas comosus var. Ama-comosus, ajwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu emashalofini ezitolo zezithelo, nezihlobo zawo eziseduze ziyindlela yokuhlobisa enezithelo ezincane.
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu izitshalo ezingama-subspecies i-Erectifolius, i-Ananassoides neBracteatus ngezithelo ezincane ezidliwayo futhi ngesinye isikhathi amahlamvu aqhakazile ahlukahlukene. Izithelo ngaphezulu kwamahlumela ezitshalo ezinjalo, vele, ziphansi ngokunambitheka kumaphayinaphu avela endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emasimini endaweni ethile ePuerto Rico.
Uma ekhaya ufuna ukuthola uphayinaphu omnandi ngempela, kuzofanela uzame ukuwuhlakulela ukusuka phezulu kwezithelo ezithengiwe esitolo.
Ukuqonda konke ubunzima benkambiso, ungabuka izithombe namavidiyo mayelana nokuthi kukhula kanjani uphayinaphu nokuthi lolu siko ludingani lokunakekelwa. Ubunzima ekunakekeleni uphayinaphu ebhodweni ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngamazinga okushisa adingekayo, sigcina imithetho yokunisela nokugqoka okungaphezulu. Kepha ngokubuka uphayinaphu ukhula, ungafunda ukuphendula izicelo zesilwane esiluhlaza okotshani. Futhi emva kweminyaka engu-1-1,5 emva kokutshala, isikhathi siyofika sokwenza isitshalo siqhakaze futhi sithele izithelo.
