Lesi sihlahla esihle futhi esidumile singathanda ukuba nabalimi abaningi emasimini abo. Inkinga ukuthi akubona bonke abantu abakwazi ukutshala i-walnut ukuze bavune kuyo iminyaka eminingi. Uma uqonda izici zale nqubo, kuyacaca ukuthi lo akuwona umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka.
Izindlela eziphambili zokuzala
I-Walnut yisitshalo esingabekezeleli, esibandayo esibandayo esikhulisa kahle isimo sezulu esipholile nesimnyama. Umuthi unamandla okuzilungisa, ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni sokushona okwabulawa kubusika obunzima, okusha cishe njalo kuyakhula.
Ukuze ufunde ukutshala kahle i-walnut, kufanele uzijwayeze nezindlela eziyinhloko zokusakazeka kwawo. Ungasakaza lesi siko:
- imbewu;
- izithombo;
- indlela yezitshalo.
Lapho utshala i-seedling, kuba nzima ukuthola kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izithelo ezizoletha esikhathini esizayo, nokuthi zizotholwa yini. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kuyilapho cishe ama-80% ezinhlamvu ezihlukile aqinisekiswa ukuthi azodluliselwa. Kufanele ukhethe amantongomane wokutshala kulezo zihlahla ezikhula endaweni yakho.
Uma isitshalo sikamama sikhethwe ngokufanele, ukukhulisa i-walnut ngendlela yezimila kubuye kuqinisekise ukubonakala kwezimpawu zenzalo ephumayo nomuthi kamama. Indlela ephumelelayo yokuzala okunjalo ithathwa njengokuvuthwa komkhakha ovulekile.
Ukukhula kwama-walnuts kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukutshala ama-walnuts ngembewu kubhekwa njengenye yezindlela ezilula zokuzala. Kungenzeka ukuba ufeze inqubo enjalo hhayi kuphela entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi ekwindla.
Izithelo ezenzelwe ukutshala kumele zikhulu futhi zivuthwe. Imvamisa anombala oluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo onsundu kanye negobolondo elilukhuni ngokulinganayo.
Amantongomane enzelwe ukutshala avunwa kakhulu ekwindla, lapho umuthi uthela izithelo ngenkuthalo ulahle izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokwazo. Isibonakaliso esithembekile samantongomane avuthiwe ukuqhekeka kwe-pericarp noma i-lag yayo evela egobolondweni.
Ungatshala kanjani i-walnut kusuka ezinhlanyelweni? Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuthoba imbewu ekhethiwe emanzini afudumele izinsuku ezingama-2-3, emva kwalokho ihlanganiswe izinyanga ezimbili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zibekwa nge-sawdust emanzi noma esihlabathini esisezingeni lokushisa lama-2-5 degrees. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuhlwanyelwa, imbewu ilethwa egumbini elifudumele lapho imila khona. Ngale njongo, zifakwa ezitsheni ezigcwaliswe nge-peat noma ngesihlabathi somfula esimanzi, futhi zigcinwe ekushiseni kwama-degree angama-5-7.
Ukuqashelwa kukhombisa ukuthi imbewu ehlanzwa nge-pericarp ihlukaniswa ukuhluma okuhle kakhulu.
Ukutshala kwe-Autumn kwenziwa ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, uma izimo zezulu zivumela, - imbewu ibekwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisa ukuthi ngokutshala kwekwindla, izithombo ezingasebenza kangcono zingatholakala. Ukutshala kwe-walnut entwasahlobo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Imbewu izotshalwa ngokushesha endaweni eqhubekayo yokukhula, ngakho-ke kumele icatshangwe kusengaphambili. Le ndawo kufanele ivikelwe emoyeni futhi ikhanyiswe kahle. Ukujula kokubekwa kwembewu ngu-15-20 cm, uwafake emgodini ngensimbi phezulu.
Ukutshala Izithombo ze-Walnut
Ukutshala ngempumelelo kwesihlahla ngosizo lwezithombo kufinyelelwa ngenxa yokuhambisana nakho konke ukuthobeka kobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhuleni ngempumelelo kwe-walnut, ukuba khona kwalezi zinto kuzodingeka:
- inhlabathi enhle;
- ukukhanyisa okwanele;
- inani elidingekayo lomswakama;
- efudumele.
Imvamisa umgodi wokutshala unobukhulu obungama-70x70 cm, kepha uma lokhu kungenele uhlelo lwezimpande, luyakhula ukuze izimpande zesihlahla esizayo zikwazi ukuqina. Ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo, umgodi ugcwele umhlaba nama-humus.
Ngokutshala, izithombo ezinobukhulu obungama-1 cm zikhethiwe, ukuphakama kwazo akunandaba.
Ungatshala kanjani izithombo ze-walnut kahle? Phambilini, uhlelo lwazo lwempande lunconywa ukuthi luphathwe ngezivuselelo zokukhula. Ngemuva kwalokho izimpande ziqonde, zibekwe emgodini futhi zimbozwe ngomhlaba, lapho-ke zihlanganiswa kancane.
Umsuka wempande yesithombo ngesikhathi sokutshala kufanele ubekwe ezingeni lomhlabathi.
Ngemuva kwenqubo, izihlahla zesikhathi esizayo ziniselwa ngamanzi, kuyilapho kukhula imbewu ngayinye, kudingeka okungenani amabhakede amathathu amanzi. Izingxenye ze-Trunk zifakwe ngamahlamvu noma sawdust.
Indlela yokusabalalisa imifino
Ukusakazeka ngokusika kubuye kuvunyelwe ngabalimi abaningi. Indlela ye-vegetative isetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono izakhiwo zohlobo olukhona.
Izimbumbulu ezidingekayo zokuxhunyelelwa zishunqulwa kusuka amahlumela alo nyaka, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesiqu ukuphakama okungenani kwamamitha ayi-5. Ngaphambi kokusika, isihlahla sidinga ukuniselwa kahle futhi inhlabathi engaphansi kwaso kufanele ibiwe.
Kusetshenziswa ummese obukhali, ukusikeka okuningana okubukhali kwenziwa ngokuzungeza isibambo, bese kususwa kanye nesihlangu esiyi-3x2 cm, phakathi kwayo kufanele kube nesikhonkwane.
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, indawo yokugoma yesikhathi esizayo kufanele igoqwe ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, isihlangu esinezinso sinquma nje amagxolo esihlahla esisha bese sibekwa ngothayela kagesi. Bayisusa ngemuva kwamaviki ama-3, phakathi nesikhathi lapho i-flap ne-isipikili zikwazi ukukhula ndawonye.
Ukulima nokunakekela
Ezifundeni ezihlukene zezulu, kukhethwa izinhlobo zezithombo ezifanele ezinempahla oyifunayo. Isibonelo, ama-walnuts akhula ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha adinga izinhlobo ezinjengeSadko, Ideal, neMoscow, ezingabekezelela kalula amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi zingadingi indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Yize abanye abalimi baseBelarusian bebheka ama-walnuts akhula endaweni yaleli lizwe kuwumsebenzi oyize, abantu abasebenza nabo batyala ngempumelelo izinhlobo lapha:
- inkumbulo yeMinov;
- Samokhvalovichsky;
- Ipinkky.
Ukutshala ngempumelelo i-walnut eBelarus kususelwa ekukhetheni okulungile kwezinhlobo ezifanele ezingabekezelela isimo sezulu. Lesi sibonelo sibonisa ukuthi lesi sihlahla singakhula cishe kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, kodwa kufanele sikhululeke, sikhishwe futhi sivunde.
Noma ngabe isitshalo sitshalwe kanjani, sikhula kancane. Ukukhula kwama-walnuts kudinga ukunakekelwa nokubekezela. Umuthi udinga ukudliwa njalo, ukugawulwa kwamagatsha, futhi ekushiseni ngokweqile kudinga ukuthambisa okuningi.
