Ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo okuchichimayo kanye namaqanda esithelo sezithelo zomuthi wama-aphula kujabulisa wonke umlimi Kepha kaningi, lapho kusondela ekuvuneni, izithelo ezingatheni ezinhle kakhulu zihlala emagatsheni, umuthi uqobo ubukeka ugula. Inani elikhulu lezifo nezinambuzane ziphazamisa ukungena kwe-fruiting evamile nokuvuthwa kwezithelo. Isilimo esinempilo singatholakala kuphela ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokuvikelwa kwesitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izithombe zezinambuzane zezihlahla ze-apula nokulwa nazo
Inani elikhulu lezinambuzane lithanda ukujabulela izimbali, izithelo namaqabunga alesi sihlahla. Uma ngesikhathi sokuthola nokunquma kahle uhlobo lwenkathazo, khona-ke ukulwa nayo ngeke kube kubi njengoba kudwetshwe. Phakathi kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu engadini, kuhlukaniswa izinhlobo eziningana ze-aphid, imikhaza, amabhu namabhu. Ukulwa nomunye wabo kwenzeka kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesihlahla kuya ekuvuthweni kwezithelo.
Ungayishaya kanjani inundu
Lolu hlobo lwenkathazo lubhekwa njengeyingozi kakhulu esitshalweni. Inundu elihlanganisa amakhodi lihlala cishe kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Ibhabhathane elincane elinemigqa yewavy emnyama egqamile liqala iminyaka yalo kusukela esikhathini sokuqhakaza kwesihlahla seapula. Izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda azo ebusweni abushelelezi bamaqabunga amancane noma i-ligature eyenziwe nje. Ngokusebenzisa i-petiole fossa, amacimbi angena ezithelo bese eqala ukukhula kuwo (afinyelela ku-20 mm). Ukuqhekeka kusuka kwesinye isithelo kuya kwesinye, umuntu ngamunye uyakwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Futhi lapho i-apula elingavuthiwe, elonakalisiwe liwa, isibungu siyasishiya bese sithatha uhambo olude esiqwini siye esithelweni esisha. Ama-pintter asusa ama-cocoon afudumele ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezindawo ezonakalisiwe.
Izindlela zokulwa ne-codling moth esihlahleni sama-apula zihlukahlukene kakhulu, futhi le nqubo yonke iyaqhubeka unyaka wonke.
- Lapho i-thaw iqala ukungena, kubalulekile ukugeza amagxolo alimile ukuze ususe ukhukhunathi ocashe ngaphansi kwawo, ngemuva kwalokho isiqu sesitshalo kufanele sibe mhlophe noma siphathwe nge-var var engadini. Inqubo efanayo kumele yenziwe ekwindla sekwephuzile.
- NgoMeyi, izicupho ezikhethekile ze-pheromone eziheha izimvemvane zingabekwa kuyo yonke indawo, okunciphisa kakhulu inani labo. Ukulungiselela isiraphu yokuthambisa, ubilise ama-aphula ayi-100 g omisiwe (imizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30) ku-2 l wamanzi, bese kuthi ngemuva kokupholisa uketshezi lokushisa kube ngu-60-70 °, engeza ushukela kanye nemvubelo kuyo. Izimbiza zesiraphu zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ingadi.
- Ukuvunwa kwe-carrion nsuku zonke ngeke kunikeze izibungu ithuba lokushiya izithelo ziqhubeke nomsebenzi wokubhubhisa.
- Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezinambuzane kumaqanda ngaphambi kokufakwa kwama-apula (izinsuku ezingama-8 kuya kwengu-12 emva kwehlobo eliphakeme kakhulu lamavemvane), kunconyelwa ukwenza ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali ngama-insecticides akhethekile.
Uma uphuthelwa isikhathi sokufafaza futhi uvumele ukungena kwamacimbi ezithelo, khona-ke okunye ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma kwezebhayoloji ngeke kube nalutho. Izokwenza okubi kakhulu kunokuhle.
Ungabhekana kanjani nama-aphid esihlahleni sama-apula?
Lesi sinambuzane simunca ama-juices kusuka emaqabungeni amancane nakumahlumela, ngenxa yalokho agobayo, anciphise ukukhula bese omile ngokuphelele. Izinambuzane ezincane zombala ophuzi ophuzi, obukhulu obuyi-1-3 mm, entwasahlobo zikhuphukela eziqongweni zezinso, kuthi ngemuva kokuqhakaza zingene ngaphakathi, okuqinisa kakhulu ukubhujiswa kwama-aphid.
Ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ("ladybug", izibungu zezimpukane noma ama-goosebumps) zidla ama-aphid aluhlaza okotshani. Ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi esikhona esizeni sezinambuzane ezizuzisayo kwanele ukubhekana nenkathazo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uzodinga ukufafaza izihlahla ngezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene. Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo nge-2% nitrafen emulsion (200 g yokugxila nge-10 l lamanzi) noma i-phosphamide (i-10-15 g / 10 l yamanzi) kuzosiza ukuqothula amaqanda e-aphid ebusika.
Ukuqongelela okukhulu kakhulu nomsebenzi wezinambuzane kuvame ukubonwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Izincomo ezilandelayo zizokutshela ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nama-aphid esihlahleni se-apula ngoJuni. Lapho kuvela inqwaba yezinambuzane, ukufafaza umqhele kuphela okusebenzayo. Indawo enhle yokubulala izinambuzane ngothuli lwe-hexachloran noma ukumiswa okumanzi okungu-2%, kanye nesixazululo sensipho (200-300 g / 10 l yamanzi), esetshenziselwa ukugeza izindawo ezilimele.
Kungani amaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula esomile?
Ngisho nokuqothulwa kwazo zonke izinambuzane akuqinisekisi isivuno esihle esinempilo. Izihlahla nazo zingaphansi kwezifo eziningi, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga awo embozwe ngopende noma amabala, bese ancipha, omile futhi ewa. Kwezifo ezivame kakhulu zomndeni wama-apula - ithumba, i-powdery isikhutha ne-moniliosis (ukubola kwezithelo).
Isigaxa sesihlahla se-Apple nezindlela zokwelashwa kwaso
Lolu hlobo lwesifo lungenye eyingozi kakhulu emithini yezithelo nezihlahla eziningi. I-Scab ukhunta oluthinta umongo olusebenzayo futhi luphindaphindeka lapho lisebenzisana nomswakama. Ekuqaleni, amabala ansundu avela emaqabungeni esihlahla seapula, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhunta sithinta amahlumela amasha, izimbali nezithelo ezingavuthiwe.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokubonakala kwesibanda ku-apula ukugcwala ngokweqile komswakama ngokungabikho komoya omncane emqheleni. Ngakho-ke, isenzo sokuqala sokuvimbela ukusika kwentwasahlobo kwamagatsha amaningi kanye namahlumela. Ukulwa nesibazi kufanele futhi kuphathwe nezidakamizwa ezithile.
- Isixazululo esisekwe ku-urea (500-600 g / 10 l samanzi) sinomphumela wokubulala amagciwane. Ukufafaza izihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla.
- I-Bordeaux liquid (300 g ye-lime ne-sulphate yethusi nge-10 l lamanzi) inomphumela we-antifungal.
- Kabili ngonyaka (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangemva kwesibeletho sezithelo) kufanele kwelashwe nge-chloride yethusi ngesilinganiso sama-40 g nge-10 l lamanzi.
AbakwaTopazi nabasekhaya bathole izibuyekezo ezinhle ezivela kubalimi abaningi namuhla. Esokuqala sifafazwa ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu, okwesibili - ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqhakaza.
I-Powdery hlobo
Kungani kungewona wonke umuntu opotoza amaqabunga esihlahleni se-apula. Abalimi abaningi ngephutha bathi lokhu kwenziwa yizisebenzi zamacimbi. Eqinisweni, i-Powdery isikhutha iyimbangela eyinhloko ye-deformation. Futhi amacimbi agcwele kuphela “izindlu” eziqediwe. Izimpawu zokuqala zalesi sifo zivezwa ngokuvela kwensimbi emhlophe qhwa noma empunga emaqabunga. Esigabeni sokuqala, kusulwa kalula, kepha ekugcineni kuba mnene ngokwengeziwe. Amacembe esiqwini sesihlahla se-apula, ayeke ekukhuleni, aphenduke aphuzi futhi afe.
Ukufafaza ngesibabule se-colloidal kuzosiza ukuqeda lesi sifo. I-ejenti ye-causative ye-Powdery isikhutha "ilinda" ubusika efihlekile yesihlahla, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kokuqala kunconyelwa ukwenziwa kanyekanye nokunwetshwa kwabo. Masinyane ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukufafaza kwesibili, bese kuthi elinye emva kwamasonto amabili.
I-Moniliosis noma ukubola kwezithelo
Umswakama ophezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu womoya unomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kokutheleleka, lapho ukubola kwezithelo kubonwa khona ngqo emagatsheni. I-ejenti ebangelwa yi-monoliasis ingeniswa esibelethweni ngokusebenzisa indawo yomonakalo ezinye izifo noma izinambuzane. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, kuvela ibala elinsundu elincane ekuqaleni, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubola kumboze izithelo zonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kokutheleleka kuzovikela ukufafaza nge-Bordeaux ketshezi noma ukumiswa okungu-3% kwe-chloroxyside yethusi.
Izeluleko ezibalulekile namaqhinga
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lomonakalo esihlahleni, kuneziphakamiso eziningi ezizosiza ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezinambuzane nokukhula kwanoma yikuphi ukutheleleka.
- Noma yiziphi izingxenye ezinegciwane lomqhele kufanele zinqunywe futhi zichithwe ngokushesha.
- Amaqabunga alimile, amahlumela amasha nezithelo kumele kushiswe. Ukuziphonsa phezu kwenqwaba yomquba kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
- Umoya, imvula nezinambuzane kufaka isandla ekusakazweni kwezifo ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ngokubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso kwanoma yiziphi izilonda kwesinye sezihlahla, uchungechunge lwezenzo zokuvimbela kufanele lwenziwe engadini yonke.
- Izihlahla zokufafaza kufanele zenziwe esimweni sezulu ezolile, zibheka iqoqo lezindlela zokuphepha.
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti alawula amakhemikhali ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa akuphephile!
Izithombe zezinambuzane nezifo zomuthi wama-apula zizosiza ekuboneni uhlobo nemvelaphi yenkinga leyo ngesikhathi esifanele. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukungalindi ukubonakaliswa kwayo, kepha ukwenza zonke izindlela zokuthintela njalo unyaka wonke. Ngemuva kwakho konke, noma yikuphi ukugula kulula kakhulu ukukugwema kunokukulwa ngempumelelo impilo yami yonke. Bheka futhi i-athikili: kungani amaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula ephenduka aphuzi ngoJuni?
