Nini ukumba corms futhi kuphi ukubeka zokutshala impahla?
Isikhathi sokumba ama-corms sincike ikakhulukazi esikhathini sezimbali nokusika. Ukuvuthwa kwama-corms nezingane kusuka ngosuku lokuqhakaza nokuzithena, kufanele kudlule izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya ku-40. Ngakho-ke, uma i-gladiolus iqhakazile futhi yanqunywa ngo-Agasti 1, khona-ke ngoSepthemba 1 ingahle ibiwe. Uma kunenqwaba ye-gladioli futhi akunakwenzeka ukukhumbula isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwesinye nesinye, kudayariwe futhi izikhathi zokumba zesitshalo ngasinye ziyahlolwa ngokuya ngamarekhodi abo. Ezimweni lapho i-gladiolus ingagawulwa khona bese imbali ihlala kulesi simila, izakhamzimba ezingeziwe ziyachithwa bese isikhathi sokumba sizihlehliselwe ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15-20.
Bumba ama-gladioli.
Esifundeni esingeyona iChernozem yaseRussia, inqwaba yama-gladioli ichuma engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Ngakho-ke, ukumbiwa kungaqala ngoSepthemba 15th. Ukuvuthwa okuncane akuchaphazisi ikhwalithi yomkhondomu, kodwa kuyinto enhle ekukhetheni ingane, ngoba ingane engakazalwa ayikahlukaniswa ne-corm futhi ikhethwa kalula nayo. Inqwaba yengane kuleli cala inombala onsomi ompunga noma ompunga. Ingane evuthwe kahle inombala onsundu omnyama, okunzima ukuyihlukanisa ngombala wenhlabathi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ayixhunyiwe ngama-corms. Kungenzeka ukuthi umntwana onjalo alahleke lapho egaya futhi eqa inhlabathi.
Corms of gladioli bambe sezulu elangeni. Okokuqala, izitshalo ezikhulwe kusuka ku-corms zikhethiwe, futhi izinhlobo zokuqala zingokuqala phakathi kwazo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abalimi abangama-amateur abanolwazi bazama ukubeka ama-plantings ngezinhlobonhlobo ukuze zokuqala zikhule zodwa kusukela kamuva. Lokhu kwenza ukumba kube lula. Ungimba ngefosholo, kepha kungcono ukuthatha ama-scoops amabili ngezibambo ezinzima.
Isibani seGladiolus nezingane.
Ngokufika komugqa owodwa oguqukayo, inqubo yokumba imi kanjena:
- ebangeni elingaba ngu-7 cm ukusuka maphakathi nama-corms e-gladiolus, ama-scoops anqunywa enhlabathini kusuka ezinhlangothini zombili, edlula kuwo wonke umugqa;
- kusukela emaphethelweni omugqa, ama-scoops asika ajule cishe ngo-15 cm futhi agobise izibambo kude ne-gladioli;
- ngokucindezela izibambo, iziphetho zama-scoops ama-corms we-gladioli nge-bulge yengane iphumele ngaphandle komhlabathi;
- khetha ama-corms nengane enhlabathini bese ufaka esitsheni; isitsha singaba isihlungo, ibhokisi noma umcengezi.
Lapho ukutshala kwezinhlobonhlobo sekumbiwe ngokuphelele, izihlahla ziyenziwa:
- usike isiqu eduze kwe-corm;
- susa ama-corms amadala kulowo omusha ngokucindezela isithupha sesandla sokudla;
- nquma izimpande.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-corm yakudala iyabhulwa ngemuva kwesonto lokoma. Kuya ngezimo zokumiswa kanye namakhono athuthukiswa ngumtshali.
Ngemuva kokumba ama-corms kanye ne-gladioli yengane ebekwe ngesihlungo sokugeza emanzini. Izinto ezigeziwe zifakwa ezikhwameni, kukhonjiswa ibanga bese kumiswa (bheka isigaba "Ukulungiselela izinto zokutshala").
Izinsuku zokumbiwa azihlangene kuphela nenqubo yokuvuthwa kwama-corms nezinsana, kodwa futhi nesimo sezitshalo. Uma izitshalo ze-gladiolus ziluhlaza, zingenazimpawu zibonakalayo zezifo, khona-ke ziyamba ngesikhathi esivamile. Uma kukhona onobuhle bokugula, abambe ngaphambi kwalokho ukusindisa isivuno sama-corms.
Ukwembiwa kwe-gladioliUkuphepha kwama-corms nezingane ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa kuhlobene kakhulu nombuso wokumisa ngemuva kokumba. Uma ama-corms angaphekiwe ewela esitolo, kunengozi yokunqotshwa kwawo yizifo fungal ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile "ukubola". Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukomisa umgodi ohlanjiwe, ohlanziwe nocwengekile kanye nengane ye-gladiolus kumaviki amabili kuya kwamathathu ekushiseni kwama-25-30 ° C, bese kuba yinyanga yokushisa yasekamelweni. Abalimi abaqala kudingeka bafunde umthetho: kungcono ukoma kunokuma.
Kungafakwa kuphela izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ama-corms kanye nengane ye-gladiolus kumele ahlolwe futhi alahle wonke amasampula ngezimpawu zesifo. Uma i-corm yezinhlobonhlobo ezibalulekile ithinteka buthaka futhi kuwusizi ukuyilahla, ungasika izicubu ezinesifo ungene endaweni enempilo, ukhipha amagciwane izingxenye "eziluhlaza" bese uzigcina.
Ukulondolozwa kokusebenzisa isisekelo esingaphansi komhlaba, esiqandisini, igumbi elinewindi elivulekile, njll. Izakhiwo lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuka-3-9 ° C. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuthatha izinyathelo ezithathiwe ngaphambi kokugcinelwa ukugcinwa, ukutheleleka kungaqhubeka esikalini sezikhwehlela nokungalingani kolwelwesi lwengane. Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokugcina i-gladioli kufanele ibone njalo ngenyanga yonke impahla futhi ilahle amasampula agulayo.
Ukulungiselela ama-gladiolus bulbs for isitoreji.
Umswakama egumbini kufanele ube ngaphakathi kwama-60%. Uma ungabheki amazinga okushisa nomswakama, amashubhu ezimpande aqala ukukhula ngokukhuthele ezansi, kuvela amahlumela. Vimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-microorganisms kanye nama-thrips kusiza ukubeka ukugcinwa kwama-corms kanye nezinsana kufakwe nge-clove egayiwe yegalikhi, ethathelwa indawo entsha lapho isomile.
Imibuzo
Kungenzeka yini ukugcina i-gladioli efulethini ledolobha elisemafasiteleni?
Impendulo. Kungenzeka uma umbuso wokushisa ungaqhubeki ngaphezu kwemikhawulo ethile. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, ama-corms ngamanye ayathanjiswa ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, kanti amanye agcinwa kahle kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ukuthambisa kuvame ngenxa yokuthi impahla yokutshala, eyayitholakala eduze kwengilazi, iqhwa.
Kungani ingxenye enkulu yengane enkulu eyembiwe inegobolondo eliqhekekile?
Impendulo. Amagobolondo wengane ikakhulukazi aqhamuka ekukhuleni okungalingani, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu esomile nesimanzi sishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngenxa yalokhu, izakhamzimba zigeleza ngokungalingani kanti igobolondo, hhayi ukumelana nalo, imifantu.
Lapho bemba, kwakukhona iziguli eziningi ngokuvela kwama-corms. Ngingakwazi ukuzitshalalela unyaka olandelayo?
Impendulo. Izinto zokutshala abagulayo kumele zilahlwe. Abalimi abangafundile abangenalwazi, abasindisa ama-corms, zama ukubasindisa nokubatshala. Kodwa-ke, lezo zinto ngeke ziqhume, noma izitshalo ezibuthakathaka zizovela kuzo, ezizokufa noma kunjalo.
Sihlola ama-gladioli ukuthola izimpawu zezifo.
Ngabe ngidinga ukukhetha ingane enobubanzi obungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-5 ukusuka enhlabathini lapho ngimba?
Impendulo. Yonke ingane idinga ukukhethwa emhlabathini, ngoba uma kungenjalo izovimba inhlabathi, okungukuthi, ingane encane izokhula ngonyaka olandelayo futhi inhlanzeko yokuqoqwa izokhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlobo zinika isisindo kuphela ingane encane, okumele isetshenziselwe ukusabalalisa izinhlobonhlobo ngokushesha.
Ngabe kuyadingeka ukuncipha izimpande zama-corms ngemuva kokumba?
Impendulo. Ezikhunjeni ezinkulu, izimpande zithungwa kalula ukuthambisa nokugcina. Emakhondeni asemancane akhule kusuka ezinganeni, ngokulondolozwa okungcono, phansi akuveziwe. Izimpande zazo ziholwa kancane futhi zishiywe kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Ngemuva kokumba, ngalulekwa ukuthi angawunqumi amahlamvu aqhamuke kuyi-gladioli, kodwa ngibabambe kanjena amasonto amabili. Ngabe kunjalo?
Impendulo. Cha, akulona iqiniso leli, ngoba izifo eziningi ze-gladiolus zezifo zingadlula ku-corm. Umcimbi onjalo ungenziwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela engathandeki, kuphela uma uqinisekile ukuthi u-100% uqinisekile ukuthi azikho izifo ezibulala amagciwane nezilokazane emaqabungeni.
Ukwembiwa sekwephuzile kukuthinta kanjani i-corm?
Impendulo. Ngokumba sekwephuzile, i-corm ivuthwa kangcono, inesisindo esikhulu nosayizi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenkathi yemvula yasekwindla, izifo zisakazeka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungcono ukulahlekelwa ku-mass of corms, kodwa uzuze empilweni yakhe.
Ngesikhathi somiswa, ama-corms nengane ayeambozwa ngoqhakaza oluhlaza okotshani, ofana nobumba. Kungani lokhu?
Impendulo. Le nto ibonwa lapho komisa ama-corms egumbini elinomswakama elinomoya omncane ongena umoya. Lokhu kubumba yi-penicillium mycelium.
Ama-corms omisiwe kwibhethri elivuthayo. Baba ithambile. Kungani lokhu?
Impendulo. Uma izinga lokushisa lokomisa isikhathi eside lidlula ama-40 ° C, ama-corms angathi athambile futhi athambile.
Ingagcinwa ingane iminyaka emibili?
Impendulo. Kungenzeka uma uxhasa imodi ethile yesitoreji.
Wagcina corms esiqandisini brand "Hoarfrost". Maphakathi nobusika ngabuka kubo - abaningi bethambile. Hlobo luni lwesifo olwahlasela amakhomanda ami?
Impendulo. Esiqandisini segama "Hoarfrost" alikho elawula ukushisa okuzenzakalelayo. Eduze kwefriza, kuphansi kakhulu. Lawo ma-cormes asethambile amane akhukhumala. Kuyadingeka ukubheka njalo izinga lokushisa endaweni yokubeka. Uma iwela ngaphansi kuka-3 ° C, indawo yokugcina kufanele iguqulwe.
Misa u-anyanisi bese uwafaka kwisitoreji.
Ngemuva kokumiswa, faka ama-corms agcinwe esiqandisini. Cishe izinsuku eziyishumi kamuva ngababuka kuzo - zonke zazimbozwe amabala ansundu. Kungani kungaba njalo?
Impendulo. Ama-corms akho athinteka yisifo esibizwa nge-brown rot, noma i-botritiosis. Lesi sifo, ngokusobala, singachazwa ukuthi abengaqedi. Ukomisa kumele kuqashelwe.
Ngemba futhi ngathola amakhomishini akhula kusuka enganeni, ngageza izikali ngawafaka esisele ukuze kugcinwe kuwo. Ngatshelwa ukuthi ngenze iphutha. Kunini lapho kudingeka khona ukukhonkotha corms?
Impendulo. Ama-corms ngemuva kokumba nokuwomile abekwa kwisitoreji, ngaphandle kokuqedwa kwesikali. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasuswa kuphela abangaphezulu uma kunezimpawu zezifo. Ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, izikali zivikela ama-corms kusuka ekomeni ngaphandle nasekulimaleni kwemishini (ngenxa yalokhu, ama-pathogen angangena ngaphakathi kuma-corms). Ama-corms ahlanzwa esikalini ngokuvamile isonto elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokutshala.
Uma ama-corms engahlanzwa ngokuphelele, khona-ke ama-pathogen nama-thrips angangena enhlabathini kanye nesikali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanzwa kwama-corms kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukuqinisekisa ngokungeziwe ukuthi akukho zifo ebusweni bawo. Uma kutholakala izifo, ama-corms abulawa amagciwane futhi aphathwe ngama-microelements nokukhuthaza ukukhula ngaphambi kokutshala. Izikelemu ezingafakwanga ziqhamuka ngemuva kwesonto.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe: V. A. Lobaznov
