Ucingo lungezinye zezinto ezilula kakhulu futhi ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zokulawula ukufinyelela, ezingagcini nje ngokuchaza imingcele yendawo, kepha zinikeza umniniyo induduzo nokuphepha endaweni yakhe. Into eyinhloko ethwele noma yimuphi uthango izikhala zocingo. Ukwethembeka nengxenye yokuhlobisa yanoma uluphi ucingo kuncike ekubukekeni nasekhwalweni lezinto ezibonakalayo. Ungakhohlwa ukufakwa okufanele kwesakhiwo esisekelayo, esinquma ukuqina kocingo. Le ncwadi izodingida ukuthi ungayikhetha kanjani futhi ungayifaki kanjani ikholomu kocingo ngezandla zakho, ngaphandle kokuheha ongoti abizayo nemishini yokwakha esindayo.
Funda futhi i-athikili yethu: uthango lwe-polycarbonate - luyashesha futhi lube lula!
Usekela uthango: izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokuqukethwe
Namuhla, imakethe yokwakha yasekhaya inikezela ngezinto eziningi zokusekelwa nezinto zokwakha abazenzayo. Ungenza okuthunyelwe kocingo ngezandla zakho ngokhuni, ngensimbi, emabhulini kakhonkolo nezitini. Ezenzweni zokwakha zesimanje, izisekeli zezitimela ezilula ezivela ekuhlanganiseni kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela nekhonkolo zisetshenziswa kabanzi. Cabanga ngezimpawu eziphambili nezimpawu zokufaka zesakhiwo ngasinye esisekayo ngemininingwane engaphezulu.
Izinkuni
Kwabaningi esihamba nabo, izinto zendabuko zokwenziwa kwezakhiwo ezisekelwayo zokubiyela ngugongolo lokhuni noma ilayini eliyindilinga. Izigxobo zokhuni kocingo zenziwa kahle kakhulu kusuka ezinhlotsheni eziqinile nezinesihlahla:
- oki;
- i-larch
- i-acacia;
- isihlahla sikaphayini;
- i-spruce;
- fir.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kwizakhiwo ezisekelayo zenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa izinkuni, izinhlobo ezinjenge: birch; i-aspen; i-beech; isihlahla se-alder.
Inzuzo enkulu yezikhala zokhuni zokubiya ngukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uzenzele. Okubi ngukuhamba kancane kwezinkuni, kuvezwa umswakama kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukubola, ukutheleleka ngegciwane lokukhunta. Isilinganiso "sokuphila" sesisekeli sokhuni siyiminyaka engama-2-4. Ukwandisa impilo yensiza, ukufakwa okuhlukahlukene okusekwe ku-antiseptics ne-sulfate yethusi, kudubula ungqimba olungaphezulu, kanti ne-tar isetshenzisiwe. 
Enye yezindlela ezisebenzayo zokufaka izigxobo zokhuni uthango ukufaka “ikhonkrithi” - isakhiwo esisekela insimbi esusa ukuxhumana kwezinkuni ngomhlabathi.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokweseka ezenziwe ngokhuni kunesizathu esimweni sokusebenzisa into efanayo, inetha noma i-mesh yama-polymer anamuhla njengemvilophu yokwakha.
Metal
Namuhla, izingongolo zensimbi kocingo zithandwa kakhulu ngabathuthukisi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhuni, insimbi ithembekile ngokwengeziwe, ihlala isikhathi eside, ibekezelela kahle imithwalo eseceleni ephezulu, ehlanganiswe uthango lwamapulangwe, i-mesh yensimbi, ibhodi ehlanganisiwe, njll. Njengezinto ezisekelayo, ipayipi lensimbi eliyindilinga eliyindawo eyindilinga noma yesikwele enobubanzi okungenani bama-60 mm livame ukusetshenziswa futhi ugqinsi lodonga oluyi-1.5-2 mm. Izinzuzo eziphambili zezakhi zensimbi ezisekelwayo yilezi:
- amandla okufaka kuwo cishe noma yiziphi izinqobelo zokuxhumana usebenzisa i-welding noma intamboxhumaxhuma;
- ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ahlukahlukene wokufaka.
Okubi ngamapayipi wensimbi yilezi: izindleko eziphakeme, ukumelana okuphansi nokugqwala kanye nokushintshwa okungenzeka ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ukuze wandise isikhathi sempilo “yensimbi,” insimbi idinga ukugcotshwa njalo, ukususwa kokugqwala, kanye nokuvikelwa kwendawo yangaphakathi emswakama.
Ikhonkolo
Izinsika zokhonkolo kocingo lwekhwalithi efanele - lesi yisisombululo esihle kakhulu sezingcingo ezinamandla neziphezulu "eziyisithulu". Izakhiwo zikakhonkolo zinobuhle obuningana, phakathi kwalapho okubaluleke kakhulu kungabhekwa khona: amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, ukulungiswa okuphansi. Ububi obukhulu izindleko eziphezulu. Namuhla, emakethe yasekhaya yezinto zokwakha, okunikezwayo okuningi okwenziwe ngomumo:
- Izinsimbi zekhonkolo eziqinisiwe.
- Izinto zokusekelwa ezinemihlahlandlela yamapuleti kocingo.
- Ukuhlobisa ngocingo lokuhlobisa - izingongolo zokhonkolo ezenziwe ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene wokusiza.
- "Amakholomu wegilebhisi", asetshenziswa kahle ngabantu bakithi njengezinto ezithwala umthwalo zokukhanyisa ukukhanya.
Ukuthengwa kwezinsika zikakhonkolo ezenziwe ngomumo kudinga utshalomali olukhulu lwezezimali, yize zonke izindleko zizithethelela ngempilo ende yenkonzo. Kungakho abathuthukisi bancoma ukwenza ukusekelwa kukakhonkolo ngokwabo, besebenzisa isikhunta esisezingeni eliphakeme njenge-matrix yokuthulula, okungeke kube nzima ukuyithenga.
I-asbestos usimende wepayipi
Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sakhiwo njengesakhiwo esisekelayo kungabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi yisisombululo sezomnotho. Amapayipi avela kulokhu okuqukethwe anesisindo esincane, anezici ezinhle zamandla, futhi awathinteki ekugqumeni. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwezingodo eziguqukayo kumapayipi we-asbestos-usimende, unjiniyela uzodinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-fasteners akhethekile, ama-clamp kanye nama-girth.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfanelo ezingezinhle zalokhu okubalulekile zingabhekwa:
- Inhlanganisela engeyinhle ngokhuni, amapuleti kocingo, uthango lwensimbi yensimbi.
- Amandla okuqhuma ngenxa yamakhaza amanzi angena kumgodi wepayipi.
Ukuze wandise izici zamandla futhi uqinisekise ukuqina okuningana, gcwalisa izisekelo ze-asbestos-usimende ngokusekelwa kogqinsi lwesihlabathi nosimende ngokufakwa ngaphakathi kokuqiniswa kwensimbi.
Izitini
Izinsika ezakhiwe ngezitini kocingo zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zihlobisa, kepha zidinga ulwazi olukhethekile namakhono ochwepheshe kusuka kumakhi. Izitini zezitini zinesisindo esijabulisayo, ngakho-ke ngidinga ukwakhiwa okuyisisekelo. Ukuqina kwesitini kusekelwa kuhlala kusembuzo, ngoba kuya ngokufakwa okuphelele kwesakhiwo sonke, ukudalwa kwekhono kwesisekelo, uhlelo lwedonsa, ukuba khona kwengquza evikela ubumbano umswakama.
Ngaphambi kokudala izinto zokuxhasa izitini, ucwaningo ngokucophelela lokujula kokuqothulwa kwenhlabathi, indawo enamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, njll. Kuyadingeka.
Ngokususelwa kulokhu okungenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uthango olunezinsika zezitini luyindlela ebiza kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma sibheka izinsizakalo zochwepheshe kanye nezindleko zokuletha impahla esizeni sokwakha.
Inendlela eyodwa elula futhi elula yokudala yezitini. Endaweni yokusekelwa esizayo, kufakwa ipayipi lensimbi emhlabathini.
Okulandelayo, ukufakwa kwamatshe kufakwa ukwakha ukhonkolo kokhonkolo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukhonkolo usuqine, ipayipi liqhekekile, futhi uphara luhlotshiswe ngamathayela anjengezitini.
Imithetho yokufaka uthango isekela
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuzishutheka kwezigxobo kocingo akuwona umsebenzi okhandlayo kakhulu ekwakheni, kepha udinga ukwazi futhi ulandele imithetho ethile. Izincomo ezimbalwa ezivela kochwepheshe ekufakweni kocingo lusekela, noma ngabe kusetshenziswe ini:
- Ngaphambi kokudala, kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi wokumaka umngcele wethango, indawo yelegi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phakathi kokuthunyelwe okweqile udinga ukudonsa intambo ezingeni le-crossbars ephezulu nangaphansi.
- Thola indawo yokuthunyelwe ngokususelwa kubude kocingo. Ibanga elilungile phakathi kwezikhala zocingo kufanele lisuke kumamitha amabili kuya kwamathathu.
- Imbobo yokumba ngokusekelwa. Ukujula kwezinsika kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi futhi unamadwala, ukujula kwezimbobo kufanele okungenani kube ngu-1/3 ukuphakama kocingo. Kumhlabathi okhuphukayo, imigodi yenziwa yajula ngaphansi kwephuzu lokubanda.
- Ububanzi nobume be "ingilazi" lekholomu kubalwa ngokuya ngomthwalo womoya, indlela yokufaka nezinto ezibonakalayo zokusekelwa.
Okulandelayo, sibheka amaphuzu asemqoka wokufakwa kwezinto ezisekelayo kocingo olwenziwe ngokhuni, ngensimbi nangokhonkolo.
Ukufaka izinto zokweseka izinkuni
Njengombhede owedlulele wezinkuni ezisekela, ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa kwezigxobo eziqinile zokhuni ezinobubanzi obungu-150 mm noma ngaphezulu. Kwezinto ezisekelayo maphakathi nesakhiwo, izingodo ezinobubanzi obungu-100 mm noma ngaphezulu zingasetshenziswa.
Ngaphambi kokufaka okuthunyelwe, kunconyelwa ukubaphatha nge-antiseptic, bese usonga isiphelo sento yokusekelwa ngezendlalelo eziningana zophahla.
I-oda lomsebenzi:
- Emhlabathini, sebenzisa indawo yokumba ukuze ulungiselele izimbobo eziqonde mpo zo ububanzi obufanele. Ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bube kabili isigaba sesiphambano sekolamu. Ukujula kokubeka iposi lokhuni kungama-500 mm ukuphakama kocingo olungu-1500 mm. Khulisa ukuphakama kocingo, kufanele ukhuphule ukujula kokusekelwa.
- Nikeza amanzi. Ungqimba lwesihlabathi, izihenqo noma amatshe amatshe kufanele kuthululwe ngaphansi komgodi.
- Setha ukusekelwa “engilazini” eqonde ngqo. Qinisekisa ukufakwa usebenzisa lelo banga.
- Sika into esekelayo emgodini ngesitini esaphukile.
Gcwalisa isikhala phakathi kwe- “ingilazi” nensika ngerubble, uyishaye ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhubekiso noma elinye ithuluzi elikahle
Ukufakwa kocingo lukakhonkolo
Kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo oqinisiwe kokhonkolo oqiniswe kocingo kufakwa ngokufana nokhuni, kodwa esikhundleni sokufaka, ukwakhiwa kugcwele udaka losimende. Ukuzenzela kwakho izinsika zikakhonkolo, ungasebenzisa ukuthulula ukhonkolo formwork ekhethekile yezinsika, ezingathengwa ngokungabizi kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikhulu sehadiwe.
I-oda lokufaka:
- Hlanganisa ukwakheka okungu-1 m ukuphakama ezinhlangothini ezine. Okulandelayo, uqoqe izinhlangothi ezintathu kuphela, owesine akafakiwe. Isikhala samahhala sisetshenziselwa ukuthulula ukhonkolo.
- Vikela izihlangu ngemithambeka.
- Faka isakhiwo esiqinisayo ngaphakathi kwefomu.
- Thela ukhonkolo kubumba ezingxenyeni ezivundlile.
Okulandelayo, faka izikhonkwane ukuvikela uthango.
Phakathi kwabantu esikholwa nabo, izinhlobo zokuhlela uthango zithandwa kakhulu, yize iqiniso lokuthi lesi sisombululo asilona isabelozimali. Izinhlaka zokusekela ezinjengomqambi zihlanganiswa kusuka kumabhulokhi ukhonkolo okhethekile. Ubunzima obukhulu ukudalwa kwesisekelo, okubekelwa phezu kwaso impahla.
Amabhlogo wokuthunyelwa kocingo anendawo. Ukufakwa kwezinsika zalo mklamo kulula kakhulu: amabhlogo ahlanganiswe phezulu komunye nomunye, izimbobo ziyaqiniswa futhi zigcwele ukhonkolo.
Imithetho yokufaka izinhlaka zokusekelwa zensimbi
Izindlela ezimbili zisetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwezisekeli zensimbi: concreting kanye nokushayela.
- Esimweni sokuqala, umgodi wokujula okudingekayo wenziwa enhlabathini ngensundu. Ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bwedlula kancane ingxenye yesiphambano yensimbi yensimbi. Ikholomu lifakwe ngokweqiniso emgodini olungiselelwe. Isikhala phakathi kokusekelwa nezindonga ze "ingilazi" sithululelwa ngokhonkolo.
- Inketho yesibili ifaka ukushayela ukuxhaswa emgodini wedayimane elincane nge-sledgehammer. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukwakheka okukhanyayo futhi kuphela enhlabathini esindayo.
Kufanele wazi ukuthi ikhona enye indlela ephumelelayo yokufaka izinsika eziyize eziyinsimbi, okulandelayo: umgodi ugcwaliswa ngokhonkolo, ngemuva kwalokho ukusekelwa kuqhutshwe kuwo. Le ndlela inikeza ukwakhiwa okungcono kwekholomu emhlabathini.
Enye yezinketho ezilula (kodwa ezingabizi) zokwakha isakhiwo sokusekelwa kocingo ukufaka izikhala zesikeya kocingo.
Ukufakwa kwezisekeli zalo mklamo kulula kakhulu, akudingi isikhathi esikhethekile nomsebenzi. Inqwaba imane icwebezelwe emhlabathini. Ingxenye ephezulu yokusekelwa, lapho kufakwa khona isakhiwo sokusekelwa, ingaba nesigaba sesiyingi noma isikwele.
