Isitshalo esinjalo esinamandla sangemuva esifana ne-Scilla (Scilla) simelela umndeni we-asparagus. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esithile esidlule le mbali yabelwa umndeni we-lily noma i-hyacinth. Lesi sitshalo sibizwa nangokuthi iScylla. Imvamisa, imbali enjalo iyiphutha ngesithwathwa seqhwa noma umhlanga. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba ngu-90. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, atholakala e-Afrika, e-Asia nase-Europe, kanti wona akhetha ukukhula emathafeni nasezindabeni zezintaba. Igama lembali enjalo livela egameni lesiGrikhi elithi anyanisi wasolwandle "skilla", iqiniso ukuthi phambilini lalibe lommeleli walesi hlobo. Isitshalo esinjalo simelana kakhulu nesithwathwa nezifo, futhi sihle kakhulu futhi siyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nanoma yiziphi izimo zemvelo.
Izici ze-Scavenger
Isitshalo esinjalo esinamandla njengesihlumela sihlala njalo. Amabhuleki anomumo oyindilinga noma ovoid, kanti izikali zawo zangaphandle zinombala onsomi, ompunga omnyama noma onsundu. Amapuleti womugqa wamaqabunga womsuka akhula ngaphambili noma ngasikhathi sinye ngama-apical inflorescences anomumo webhulashi futhi asendaweni eyakhiwe engenamaqabunga. Isitshalo esinjalo sinesici esisodwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinsuku ezipholile zemvula, amaqabunga awo acindezelwa ebusweni bomhlaba ngasikhathi sinye, lapho kufudumele futhi kunelanga ngaphandle, zitholakala cishe zibheke phezulu. Ukuqanjwa kwama-inflorescence kufaka nezimbali ezingashadile. Izithelo ziyibhokisi, ngaphakathi lapho kukhona imbewu engajwayelekile yemibala emnyama. I-scilla iyi-primrose, njengoba kunjalo ngezitshalo ezilandelayo: i-brancus, i-whitebrer, iphupho utshani (i-backache), u-anyanisi we-goose, i-daffodil, i-pushkinia, i-chionodox, i-hazel grouse, isafroni (i-crocus), i-adonis (i-adonis), i-eranthus (intwasahlobo), i-hyacinth, i-muscari, isithwathwa seqhwa, i-primrose, i-iris emfushane ne-buttercup. Ukuqhakaza kwezinhlobo eziningi zesreyidi kubonwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, kepha kukhona nezinye izinhlobo eziqhakaza ekwindla.
Ukufaka iLylla emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukutshala nokukhulisa amahlumela kulula kakhulu. Lezi zimbali zisetshenziselwa, njengomthetho, ukuhlobisa imingcele, ama-rockeries, amagquma ase-alpine nemingcele ye-mixb. Imibuthano yezihlahla zezihlahla zensimu, ezihlobisa izimbali ezinhle zeScylla ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, nazo zibukeka kahle ngokumangazayo. Ungasitshala isitshalo esinjalo ngisho nangezimbali. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukutshala iScylla entwasahlobo ngemuva kokufa kwamapuleti amaqabunga (kusukela maphakathi noJuni), nalezo eziqhakaza entwasahlobo - amasonto ama-4 ngaphambi kokudalwa kwama-peduncle. Lezi zimbali zithanda izindawo ezikhanyiswe kahle, kodwa futhi zingatshalwa endaweni enomthunzi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izinhlobo zezimbali zasekwindla azinakubukeka kangako uma ziqhathaniswa nalezi eziqhakaza entwasahlobo.
Izici Zokufika
Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokubekwa okuqondile kweScylla, kuyadingeka ukulungisa isiza. Okuhle kunakho konke, lesi sitshalo esinjalo sizokhula enhlabathini ngenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, ezibandakanya izakhi zamaminerali kanye ne -hlamvu humus. Ukuze lezi zimbali zikhule kahle futhi zikhule, kunconywa ukuxuba inhlabathi yengadi nenhlabathi yehlathi, equkethe amagxolo esihlahla abolile kanye namahlamvu. I-acidity efanele yomhlabathi kufanele ibe phakathi kuka-6.5 no-7.0.
Phakathi kwezimbobo zokubamba, ibanga lamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-10 kufanele libonwe. Amabhuleki kufanele angcwatshwe enhlabathini ngamasentimitha angama-6-8 (kuya ngosayizi wento yokutshala).
Ukunakekelwa Kwengadi
IScilla ihlukaniswa ngokuzithoba kwayo okukhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimbali zasentwasahlobo. Ukuze le mbali ikhule ngokujwayelekile, kufanele iniselwe uma kunesidingo, futhi emva kwalokho kubalulekile ukukhulula umphezulu womhlabathi ube ngu-20-25 mm, ngenkathi ukhula. Ukunisela kunconyelwa ekuseni, kuyilapho udinga ukuzama ukuze uketshezi ungawi phezu kwezimbali, ngoba lokhu kungonakalisa ukubukeka kwazo kakhulu. Ukuze wehlise kakhulu inani lokhula nokunisela, kufanele ugcwalise indawo lapho iscilla sikhula ngohlaka lwe-mulch (iqabunga humus).
Amahlumela aqhakaza izimbali entwasahlobo adinga ukondliwa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi (isibonelo, i-Nitrofoska) ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo, ukuze izimbali zibe zikhulu kakhulu. Futhi ukuvundisa izinhlobo zezimbali zasekwindla, kunconywa ekwindla. Kumanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali, kungcono ukufaka izinto zokulandela njengokuthi: i-iron, i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-zethusi.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lezi zitshalo zizala kahle ngokuzitshala. Uma ungafuni ukususa njalo iScylla engadingekile esizeni, lapho-ke udinga ukunqamula izimbali eziphelayo, uzama ukukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuvela kwezivivinyo.
Ukufakelwa
Ekukhuleni okujwayelekile kanye nasekwakheni lesi sitshalo, kumele kutshalwe ngendlela ehlelekile kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-3, lokhu kuzokuvumela nokugcina izihlahla zihlobisa kakhulu. Njengoba sembile isihlahla, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa izingane kunalesi isibani, emva kwalokho sitshalwe ngokushesha ukuze kugweme ukubukeka kokubola ezinhlamvu. Ochwepheshe baluleke ukufakelwa kwezinsuku ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba noma owokuqala - ngo-Okthoba.
Ukusakazeka kweScylla
Ukuze kwenziwe kabusha ihlathi sebenzisa imbewu namadodakazi endodakazi. Ungasakaza kanjani ngama-bulbs, achazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngenhla. Ukuze ukhule imbali enjalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kufanele ziqoqwe kuqala. Cishe ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJuni, amabhokisi embewu kufanele aphenduke aphuzi futhi aqale ukuqhekeka. Lawa mabhokisi adinga ukuqoqwa futhi afafazwe kuwo imbewu ehlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini. Imbewu enjalo inokuhluma okumbalwa, futhi izihlahla ezikhule kusuka ezinhlolweni zizoqhakaza kuphela lapho ziba neminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4 ubudala. Izithombo zokuqala zezitshalo ezinjalo azenziwanga ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5 kamuva, ngalesi sikhathi zizokhulisa isibalo esikhulu sezingane, futhi zikhulise inani le-peduncle.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Njengazo zonke izitshalo ezincane zebhalbhu, le mbali ingangenwa yi-Achelenchoid, i-grey rot kanye nokubola kwama-bulbs. Ingozi enkulu yazo zonke izinambuzane kulesi simila uhlaka lwempande kanye namagundane afana negundane.
Ukubola okumpunga Ivela kumaqabunga amaqabunga naphezu kwama-bulbs. Ukuvela kombala ompunga kuyavela ezingxenyeni ezithintekile zesitshalo, bese ziqala ukubola. Kube sekuvela amabala aminyene kumabhuleki. Lapho lesi sifo sikhula, kuphuzi izihlahla nokufa kwazo kwenzeka. Isampula ezithintekayo kufanele zimbiwe futhi zishiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Uma u-anyanisi ogcinwe utheleleke nge-grey bola, kufanele usike izindawo ezinenkinga ufafaze amanxeba ngomlotha wokhuni.
Uma i-spill itheleleka achenheloides, lapho-ke kunqotshwa kwezingxenye zayo zomoya, kanye nama-bulbs. Izikali kumabhule ziya nsundu bese kuvela ukubola. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza isigaba sesibalo se-bulb, khona-ke uzophawula ukubola kwendandatho. Kwi-bulb ethintekile, kuvela amabala we-necrotic ebusweni. Kumacabango athelelekile, kulahleka ukulahleka kokuhlobisa kanye nesigaxa sentuthuko. Amagciwane athelelekile ayembiwa futhi ashiswe. Ama-bulb anempilo ngezinhloso zokuvimbela kufanele afakwe ku-thermos enamanzi ashisayo (ama-degrees angama-43), lapho kufanele ahlale khona imizuzu engama-30.
I-Bulb Rot kuvela ngenxa yezifo zokukhunta, isibonelo: I-Fusarium, i-sclerotinia noma iSeporia. Esihlahleni esisanda ukutheleleka, amapuleti amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka aphuzi, bese ukutheleleka kungena emabhalweni, ngenxa yokuthi kuvela amabala obomvu angcolile ebusweni bawo. Uma ama-virus angenwe yileli gciwane agcinwa kwisitoreji, aba nzima kakhulu bese efa. Lesi sifo siqala ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu ngomswakama ophezulu.
Amagundane egundane (ngokwesibonelo: amagundane endlu nama-voles asensimini) akuthanda kakhulu ukudla ama-bulbu walesi sitshalo, kanti entwasahlobo angadla amahlumela awo. Ukuvikela i-scilla ezungeze indawo lapho ikhule khona, kuyadingeka ukwenza i-groove evikelayo. Amabheyizi wobuthi kufanele abekwe kuleli greyidi, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuwafafaza ngenhlabathi kancane, ngoba izimbotshana ezinobuthi zingabhobozwa izinyoni, okuzoholela ekufeni kwazo.
Izibungu nabantu abadala umkhaza wempande gnaw ezansi kwe-isibani, bese ungena phakathi kwabo. Lapho, izinambuzane ziqala ukumunca ujusi kusuka esikalini sangaphakathi se-isibani, ngenxa yokuthi siqala ukubola bese somile. Ukususa lesi sinambuzane esiyingozi, udinga ukufafaza isihlahla esithintekile nge-acaricide yesinambuzane (ngokwesibonelo: i-Agravertin, i-Aktellik, isi-Akarin, njll.). Ukuvimbela, ngaphambi kokutshala ama enhlabathini, kufanele kufakwe nalawo ma-ejenti.
Scylla ngemuva zom
Ngemuva kokuba isitshalo siphela, i-peduncle kumele isuswe kuyo, kuyilapho amapuleti amaqabunga elungiswa kuphela emva kokuba efile ngokuphelele. Akudingekile ukulungiselela i-scilla ngendlela ekhethekile ebusika elizayo, ngoba inokuphikisana nokuqina kwesithwathwa futhi ayidingi indawo yokukhosela. Kodwa-ke, uma lezi zimbali zitshalwa endaweni evulekile, khona-ke ukuze uzivikele eziqandeni zasebusika, kunconywa ukuba uzimboze ngamaqabunga omisiwe noma ngamagatsha e-spruce.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zeScylla (Scilla) ezinezithombe namagama
Njengoba sekushiwo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamahlathi, kanti eziningi zazo zitshalwa ngempumelelo ngabalimi. Kulokhu, incazelo izonikezwa ngezansi kwalokhu ethandwa kakhulu, futhi uzothola negama lezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu.
I-Scilla bell-shaped (Scilla hispanica), kungaba yi-Spanish endymion (Endymion hispanicus), noma i-scilla eyenziwe bell
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isitshalo esinjalo yiSpain, ingxenye eseningizimu yeFrance nePortugal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo luthandayo ukukhula ezikhungweni nasezihlathini. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengolusebenza kakhulu. Isihlahla ukuphakama singafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kwangama-0.3. Ezindongeni ezizodwa kukhona ama-inflorescence aqondile anomumo wamabhulashi, aqukethe izimbali ezinjenge-5-10 bell, zifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-20 mm futhi zipendwe ngombala opinki, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe. Izimbali ziqala ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi futhi zihlala cishe isigamu senyanga. Uma i-anyanisi yasebusika ihlala emhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke kufanele imbozwe. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- Indlovukazi kaRose. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle cishe amamitha ayi-0,2; izimbali ezibomvana ezine-lilac hue, ezinephunga elibuthakathaka kakhulu, zibekwe phezu kwazo.
- Isibhakabhaka esibhakabhaka. Kumabhulukwe aqinile kakhulu endulini, kubekwa izimbali ezinkulu ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onomucu ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- La gogo. Ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence kufaka izimbali eziyi-15 zombala omhlophe.
- Rosabella. Ukuphakama kwesiqu sezimbali kungamamitha angama-0.3, kuwo kukhona ama-inflorescence aminyene, aqukethe izimbali ezinamakha apinki. Kusihlwa, iphunga labo liba namandla ngokwengeziwe.
Abalimi bayakuthokozela nokukhula izinhlobo ezilandelayo zalolu hlobo lwe-scylla: i-Excelsior, iBlue Queen, i-Blue Dzint, i-Blue Pearl, i-Deynty Maid, iNdlovukazi yama-Pinks, iMont Everest, Miozotis nabanye.
IScilla bifolia noma iScilla bifolia
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lolu hlobo lwescilla lungatholakala eCrimea, eCiscaucasia, eMedithera kanye nasezingxenyeni zaseYurophu zaseRussia. Kubhekwa njengento engaphansi kakhulu futhi ephukile. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla, njengomthetho, akudluli ngamamitha ayi-0,15. Unezithungo zezimbali ezingama-1-3, kuyilapho kuzo zonke zazo kukhona ama-inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezipinki noma ezimhlophe, ezinephunga elibukhali, kepha elimnandi impela. I-inflorescence ngayinye ifaka izimbali ezingafika kwezingu-15. Lolu hlobo lunamapuleti amabili ebanzi wolayini abude obude obungamamitha angama-0,2. Lesi sitshalo siqala ukuqhakaza maphakathi no-Ephreli, futhi ubude bezimbali buba yingxenye yenyanga. Ikhiqizwe kusukela ngo-1568. Kukhona uhlobo lwensimu lwe-bifolia var. I-Purpurea, umbala wezimbali okuso onsomi.
I-Scilla ekwindla (Scilla autumnalis), noma ekwindla yeScylla
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala eNyakatho Afrika, eMedithera nase-Asia Minor. Esihlahleni esisodwa, kungakhula imicibisholo yezimbali engu-5, ukuphakama kwawo kuyehluka kusuka kumamitha ayi-0,15 kuya ku-0,2. Kuzo kukhona ama-inflorescence ama-racemose ahlukahlukene, aqukethe izimbali ezincane eziyi-6 - 20 ze-lilac ekhanyayo noma umbala obomvu. Kuqala ukuqhakaza ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaJulayi noma owokuqala - ngo-Agasti. Ubude bezintambo zamaqabunga emincane aqoshwe emaceleni bubalelwa ku-0,25 m. Kuhlalwe kusukela ngo-1597.
I-Peruvian spawning (Scilla peruviana), noma i-Pillavia scilla
Izwe lakulezinhlobo yiMedithera eseNtshonalanga. Kuvela imicibisholo yezimbali emi-2 noma emi-3 esihlahleni, efinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-0,35. Kubekwa phezu kwawo ama-inflorescence aminyene ama-conical inflation, aqukethe izimbali ezincane (ubukhulu ezingaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10) ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-inflorescence eyodwa ingahle ibe nezimbali ezingama-80. Ubude bamapuleti wamaqabunga aqondile angaba amasentimitha angama-30, futhi ububanzi bawo bufinyelela kusentimitha. Esihlahleni esisodwa, kukhula amaqabunga angama-5-8.
Isipelingi saseSiberia (Scilla sibirica), noma i-scilla yaseSiberia
Lolu hlobo lwethiwa ngephutha, ngoba alunakuhlangatshezwa endaweni yaseSiberia. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le mbali ingatholakala eCaucasus, eCrimea, engxenyeni yaseYurophu neRussia, enkabeni naseningizimu yeYurophu. Izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zikhula ngasikhathi sinye ngamaqabunga amaqabunga. Ezimbali kukhona umpe. Le nhlobo inesimo esisodwa esiyingqayizivele, iqiniso ukuthi ukuvulwa kwezimbali zayo kwenzeka ngehora leshumi ekuseni, futhi kuvalwe ngamahora ayi-16 kuya ku-17, futhi uma isimo sezulu sinamafu, kungenzeka bangavuli nhlobo. Kulezo zinto ezinciphayo ezi-3 ziqhamile:
I-Caucasian (iScilla sibirica subsp. Caucasica)
Emvelweni, ungahlangana e-Eastern Transcaucasia. Ukuphakama kwemicibisholo yezimbali kungahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,5 kuye ku-0.4 m. Umbala wezimbali umnyama bhulowu ngombala onsomi. Izimbali ziqala engxenyeni yesibili yesikhathi sentwasahlobo futhi zihlala izinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezingu-20.
I-Armenien (iScilla sibirica subsp. Armena)
Itholakala endle engxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yeTurkey naseningizimu yeTranscaucasia. Amapuleti amaqabunga anombala okrwele. Ukuphakama kwemicibisholo yezimbali kusuka kumasentimitha ayishumi kuya kwayi-15, lapho kutholakala khona izimbali zombala ocebile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi nenkathi yentwasahlobo futhi zihlala izinsuku eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-20.
ISiberia (iScilla sibirica subsp. Sibirica)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ungahlangana engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, eCrimea, eCaucasus nase-Asia Minor. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kusiko kubhekwa njengokuthandwa kakhulu. Amahlathi anezinhlaka zamaqabunga ezi-3 noma ezi-4 ezibanzi, ezifinyelela kububanzi obuyi-15 mm. Ukuphakama kwama-peduncle acishe abe ngu-0.3 m, kuyilapho esihlahleni esisodwa angaba yizicucu ezi-1-4. Umbala wezimbali uyi-azure. Izimbali ziqala maphakathi nentwasahlobo futhi zihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20. Ngokwesiko, lokhu okubhaliwe kususela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Le subspecies inefomu ngezimbali ezimhlophe, itshaliwe kusukela ngo-1798 g, izimbali ziqala ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7 000 kunezitshalo zeminye imibala, kepha ubude bazo buyinyanga eyi-1. Kukhona futhi izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eziluhlaza okotshani noma ezipinki. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu zalokhu okulandelayo:
- Ubuhle Bentwasahlobo, ngalesi sikhathi lokhu kuhluka kuthathwa njengokuhamba phambili, emigqeni yawo eqinile eluhlaza okotshani obuluhlaza kukhona izimbali ezi-5 noma ezi-6 ezimnyama-onsomi, ububanzi abudluli kuma-30 mm. Le nhlobonhlobo idume kakhulu kusiko laseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Akanazo imbewu, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuyisabalalisa ngabantwana.
- Alba. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zinombala omhlophe qhwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kuhlukahluka kubukeka kahle kakhulu lapho kutshalwe ndawonye nokwedlule.
Ngokuvamile okutshalwa abalimi yizinhlobo ezinjengokuthi: amagilebhisi i-scylla, i-Pushkin-like, i-Rosen, i-Tubergen (noma iMishchenko), onsomi, i-flowed flow eyodwa yasolwandle, olwandle (u-anyanisi wolwandle), iLitardie, isiShayina (ihlathi elinjengalokhu), i-Vinogradova, i-Bukhara (noma i-Vvedensky).
