Amabhishi asendle e-azaleas aqashelwa ngabantu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Ukuqhakaza okuqabile okungajwayelekile kwama-azaleas, kuphenduka isihlahla esisanda kuphakama, esicishe singaphili saba ifu lezinkulungwane zezimbali ezinhle, senza izimbongi ezinkulu zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga ukuba zinikeze amavesi akhuthazayo kuyo. Futhi kuze kube namuhla, okwaziwa ngomlomo futhi okugcinwe ezindabeni zezinganekwane, lapho, ngandlela thile, lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo kukhulunywa ngaso.
Umlando wesitshalo uqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvela kwezidalwa ezihlakaniphile emhlabeni. Ucwaningo lwama-paleobotanists akhombisile ukuthi amadlozi ama-azaleas noma ama-rhododendrons aqhakaza emhlabeni eminyakeni engama-50 ezigidi edlule, futhi ayevamile kakhulu. Kodwa enye yeminyaka yeqhwa iyinciphise kakhulu indawo yezitshalo eziqhakaza ukushisa ezithanda ukufudumala.
Njengomphumela, izinhlobonhlobo zanamuhla zezinhlobo ze-Rhododendron, kufaka phakathi i-azalea, zikhula ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeChina, engxenyeni yase-Asia yeRussia, iJapan nePeninsula yaseKorea, eNdiya naseCaucasus. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala enyakatho ye-Australia naseYurophu.
Isikhungo sesibili sokuhlushwa kwe-azaleas nama-rhododendrons ngemuva kwe-Asia North America.
Noma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo se-azalea esaziwa kanjalo sisanikeza izimanga eziningi futhi siphoqelele ososayensi ukuba bathole ukuthakazelisa.
Umlando wokutadisha, ukutshala kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwama-azaleas
Ukutadisha nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane kwaqala ngoKarl Linney. Kwakungesandla sakhe esikhanyayo lapho lesi sitshalo sathola igama laziwa yibo bonke, elihunyushwe lisuselwa kwelesiGrikhi elisho ukuthi "omile." Ukukhethwa kwegama elinjalo bekungeyona ingozi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kuphela lesi sihlahla sithola ukubukeka kokuhlobisa okungalibaleki, okusele isikhathi esiningi sonyaka kumbozwe kuphela ngamahlamvu e-fleecy kunalokho okuqinile.
Ukwethulwa kwe-azalea kusiko kwaqala engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18 noma ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 eGreat Britain. Ukufakwa kwe "gazi elisha" kusuka ezweni lesibili le-azalea, kusuka eMelika, kwavuselela isasasa lesiko. Abalimi be-Old World babenethuba lokujwayela hhayi kuphela i-evergreens, efanelekile kuphela kulondolozo lwangaphakathi noma lokushisa, kodwa futhi nezinhlobo ezinqabayo zama-azaleas noma ama-rhododendrons. Ngenxa yalokho, nzalo eminingi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezingakaze zibonwe emvelweni zaqala ukubonakala ngamanani amakhulu, zaguqulwa hhayi kokuqukethwe okuluhlaza kuphela, kodwa futhi nokukhula endaweni evulekile, noma esimweni sezulu esinzima kakhulu.
Isitshalo se-azalea saphenduka saba yinhle futhi sabonga kakhulu ekuzalweni komsebenzi maphakathi nekhulu le-19 inani le nzalo elitholwe lase lifinyelela kumakhulu amahlanu.
Namuhla, ngokusho kososayensi, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-12 zabantu emhlabeni, eziphakeme izikhathi eziningi kunesibalo sezinhlobo zasendle ezikhulayo.
Ngakho-ke, akukhathalekile ukuthi u-C. Linnaeus uhlonishwe kangakanani ezweni lesayensi, ukuhlukaniswa kwakhe kwama-azaleas kuphinde kwahlaziywa kabusha namuhla. Uhlobo lwangaphambilini olukhona selulahlekelwe inkululeko yalo, futhi, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ze-leadum, kufakiwe kuhlobo lwe-rhododendrons.
I-Azalea ngezibonakaliso, amaphupho kanye namasiko abantu
Ngokwesiko labantu abaningi abajwayele i-azalea, lesi sitshalo sihlotshaniswa namandla athile emvelo futhi angaphezu kwawemvelo. Ngakho-ke eYurophu bakholelwa ukuthi i-azalea engadini noma endlini izosiza ekutholeni injabulo, iba ngumnikazi wayo obekezela kakhudlwana, ophikelelayo futhi oshisekayo. Imbiza enesitshalo se-azalea edeskini yomuntu wokudala izodonsela ugqozi futhi inikeze amandla okuyiqeda.
Kunombono wokuthi isihlahla esiqhakaza ephusheni sifanekisela ukuchuma okusondele, kepha ukubaluleka kwe-azalea, esevele kuqhakazile, okuphambene nalokho. Isihlahla esinjalo ephusheni siyisibonakaliso sokulinda isikhathi eside ushintsho esimweni sempilo sibe ngcono.
Ukuthandwa kwama-azaleas eYurophu naseRussia kukhule kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ye-Art Nouveau.
Ukwakheka okumangalisayo kwezimbali, amahlumela namaqabunga e-azalea kujabulise izimbongi, ubucwebe kanye nabaculi. Sifinyelele imidwebo nemidwebo eminingi, izinkondlo kanye ne-prose, lapho ababhali bependa izimbali ezinhle. Phakathi kwalabo abaphefumulelwe izitshalo ze-azalea: uN. Gumilev no-A. Fet, A. Kuprin, K. Paustovsky noD. Mamin-Sibiryak.
Kepha kudala phambi kwabo, abakwa-Base abakhulu bahlabelela ubuhle be-azalea, beqhathanisa ukuqhakaza kwalesi sihlahla nothingo ngemigqa ye-laconic.
Egqumeni umgwaqo.
Ukubuyisa uthingo oluncibilikisiwe -
Isimanga elangeni.
KumaJapan, ahlonipha futhi ahlonipha konke okuphilayo, i-azalea ayibalulekile kangako kunolunye lwezimpawu zesizwe - i-sakura. Izimbali ze-Shrub zinikela ebuhleni bokubukeka besifazane, futhi futhi zikholelwa emandleni abo okukhanyisela imicabango.
Izimbali ezintekenteke namaqabunga e-azalea anobuthi.
Uma ukholelwa ukuthi inganekwane yakudala yesiNgisi-ke izitshalo eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza izimbali zikweleta inganekwane yabantu - ama-elves.
Bebalekela ilangabi lomlilo elingenakucima mlilo elicekele phansi izihlahla zabo zomdabu nezihlahla, abakhileyo ehlathini baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo bayobalekela kwelinye izwe. Kepha ihlathi elimangalisayo elingaphezu kwamagquma lalingafuni ukwamukela inkampani enomsindo yabahlali abasha. Emathangeni omile kuphela, phakathi kwamaqabunga amancanyana ama-azaleas, lapho ama-elves athole indawo yokuhlala efanelekile nokuhlala ubusuku bonke.
Yini isimanga jikelele lapho, ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga, ama-azaleas embozwe izinkulungwane zezimbali ezimhlophe, ezipinki nezimpunga. Isihlahla sasiguqulwa ngokushesha futhi sihlale sinjalo kuze kube phakade.
Ngakho-ke ama-elves abonge lesi sitshalo ngosizo lwawo. Kepha ubuhle kwakungeyona ukuphela kwesipho! Ngaphezu kwakhe, cishe wonke ama-rhododendrons athole indlela yokuzivikela futhi esabe izitha.
Amaqabunga ama-azaleas nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo aqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, imiphumela elandelanayo ethokozisayo nevimbelayo lapho ohlelweni lwezinzwa iholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu, ngisho nokufa.
Ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo kwezinto zokufunda kufundwa muva nje, kepha ubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi lezozinsuku ezinobuthi, ngokungathandeki ngokwanele, ngekhulu lesihlanu lenkathi entsha. Ukusuka endabeni yomkhankaso wamaGrikhi oya eColchis, kwesokunxele kwizizukulwane ngumkhuzi uXenophon, kwaziwa ukuthi amabutho amabutho ayehamba ngokunqobayo edabula emazweni amasha anqotshwanga hhayi isitha esinamandla, kepha ngezitshalo ze-azalea.
Ngemuva kokuhlala phansi ngokuphumula ngamathanga zezihlahla eziqhakazayo, amaGreek athola indawo yezakhamuzi zasendaweni nezindawo ezigcwele uju olunamakha olude. Impela, bekungenakwenzeka ukwenqaba ukuphathwa okunjalo kubo bonke ubunzima bempilo yasekamu, futhi abanqobi bazinikeza ukudla ngentshiseko.
Yini eyamangaza iXenophon, lapho amasosha akhe elandelana eqala ukuwela phansi engenamandla. Esimweni sokuqothuka, angazi lutho, amaGrikhi ayekhona kuze kube ngakusasa ekuseni. Lapho beqonda, bavuka, kepha baziva buthakathaka, izinhlungu emehlweni abo, behlushwa ikhanda kanye nenausea. Kuphela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, lo mkhankaso wakwazi ukuqhubekela phambili, futhi ngenxa yendaba yeXenophon, umbono ophathelene nobungozi boju obuqoqwe bezimbali ze-azalea wasala amakhulu eminyaka.
Kulelikhulu leminyaka elidlule kuphela, ama-biochemists kanye nezazi zezinto eziphilayo abonisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi ukufaka ubuthi nge-tart, ngokunambitheka okuthile kotho loju lwe-Rhododendron.
Kepha zonke izinkomba zokuqubuka kwamaGreek zihambelana ncamashi nezimpawu zokutholakala komzimba wama-neurotoxins aqukethe kuzo zonke izingxenye zamabhasi, eduze kwalapho kwakukhona khona amabutho amaHellenic. Namuhla kwaziwa kahle ukuthi ukuhlala isikhathi eside eduze kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-Rhododendron kuyayiphazamisa inhlala-kahle. I-Rhododendron ephuzi noma i-azalea yasePontic ekhula eCaucasus naseCrimea iyaphumelela.
Ama-thickets ayingozi ama-azaleas aba esimweni sezulu esishisayo, lapho uwoyela obalulekile kanye nobuthi kukhishwa ngokuqinile kusuka kumakhasi e-azalea. ECrimea, izivakashi zixwayiswa ngokuthi ukuphatha ngokungakhathali umlilo eduze nesihlahla kusongela emagatsheni ngokushesha lapho kunefu elingabonakali lama-ethers.
Kodwa ngokuphatha okufanele, ama-azalea ngeke alethe ukulimala, kodwa ahlobise kuphela ingadi noma indlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi zasendle ziyizitshalo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziselwa izimboni zezimonyo, zemithi kanye nezesikhumba. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, ezimpandeni namaqabunga e-azalea, ngaphezu kwamafutha abalulekile, ama-tannins ahlanganiswe. Izinto zokwakha ezitholakala kuma-rhododendrons asetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwama-anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic agents.
