Izikhombo zokuqala eziphrintiwe kusiko lamakhukhamba eRussia zivela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Ngesikhathi sikaPeter I, kwasungulwa izingadi ezimbili edolobhaneni lase-Izmailovo eduzane naseMoscow, lapho, kanye nezinye izilimo zemifino, ukhukhamba zazitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ngemuva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, leli siko lasakazekela kulo lonke elaseRussia.
Ikhukhamba, noma i-Cucumber ejwayelekile, noma ikhukhamba (lat. Cucumis sativus) isitshalo samakhambi sonyaka somndeni wePumpkin (Cucurbitaceae), uhlobo lwezinhlobo zeCucumber (Cucumis)
Izithelo zakhona ziqukethe amanzi angama-95-98% kanye nenani elingathandeki lamaprotheni, amafutha kanye nama-carbohydrate. Ukhukhamba ucebile ezintweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo, ezibamba iqhaza elibalulekile kumetabolism. Lezi zinto zisiza ukumuncwa kokunye ukudla futhi zithuthukise ukugaya. Zivusa iphango. Ikhukhamba entsha ikhulisa ngempumelelo i-acidity yejusi yesisu, ngakho-ke ithekelana nokuhlushwa i-gastritis ene-acidity ephezulu ne-peptic ulcer. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uma ufaka ikhukhamba elincane eligayiwe noma eliqoshiwe kahle ku-okroshka, khona-ke lesi sitsha sithola ukunambitheka okuqabulayo.
Ikhukhamba © Tamera ClarkKumakhukhamba, kutholakale izisekelo eziningi ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nezinso. Ngokwesibalo sikasawoti we-alkaline, ikhukhamba ingeyesibili kuphela ku-radish emnyama. Lezi usawoti zihlukanisa i-compact acidic etholakala ekudleni okuningi futhi iphazamise izinqubo ze-metabolic, iholele ekugugeni kungakabi yisikhathi, ekubekweni kwamakhemikhali we-crystalline (amatshe) esibindini nasezinso. Ukhukhamba, njenge-radish, lubizwa ngokuhleleka komzimba wethu ngekhono lazo lokunciphisa amakhompiyutha e-acidic. Kepha lokhu akupheleli inani lamakhukhamba.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza nokulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Lapho ukhetha indawo yamakhukhamba, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ziyasabela ekushiseni, ukukhanya nasekuvundeni kwenhlabathi. Ngokwesimo sayo sothando esishisayo, lesi sitshalo siphakeme kuzo zonke izitshalo ezingadini ezitshalwe endaweni evulekile enkabeni yeRussia. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lokukhula kwekhukhamba ngu-18 ... 26 ° C. Ngokushisa kwe-15 ° C, ikhukhamba libamba kancane ukukhula, futhi lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-10 ° C iyeka ukukhula, izimpande nentambo yezimpande iyagula bese isitshalo sifa.
Ngisho namaqhwa amancane ayabulala lesi sitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukutshala ukhukhamba emibhedeni noma emigqonyeni evikelwe emimoyeni ebandayo futhi ube nokukhetha okuncane eningizimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhede ephakanyisiwe ifudumala ngokushesha entwasahlobo.
Ukhukhamba zithanda inhlabathi evundile kakhulu, ephansi ene-nitrogen. Inhlabathi ene-acidic kufanele ibe ngumkhawulo. Kungcono ukubeka ikhukhamba ngemuva kwamazambane, utamatisi, u-anyanisi, iklabishi, uphizi.
Ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba, kungcono ukuletha umquba omusha ngesilinganiso sebhakede yomquba nge-1 sq. Km. imitha, uma kungenjalo, khona-ke 25 g (1 isipuni) sikasawoti we-potassium no-40 g (wezipuni ezi-2) ze-superphosphate kwisikwele esisodwa. imitha Esikhundleni se-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium, kungangezwa i-200 g yomlotha. Entwasahlobo, inhlabathi iphinde yambiwa futhi yathukululwa.
Izithombo ezincane ikhukhamba. © TanyaUkutshala ukhukhamba nini futhi kanjani
Ukhukhamba zingatshalwa zombili izithombo kanye nembewu ngqo engadini. Ukutshala endaweni evulekile kwenziwa lapho inhlabathi isivele ifudumele ngokwanele: maphakathi neRussia lokhu kuvame ukuphela kukaMeyi.
Lapho utshala imbewu, kunconywa ukuthi uzishayele indlebe, futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela - ukuyimisa. Imbewu efudumele iyazibulala futhi inciphise kakhulu ukutheleleka kwezitshalo. Imbewu ifudunyezwa izinyanga ezimbili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, izilengiswe esikhwameni se-gauze eduze nebhethri lokushisa noma eduze kwesitofu, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-20 ° C. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu nayo iyanconywa ukuba ifakwe amahora ayi-12.
Kungcono ukulungiselela umbhede noma ikhukhamba lamakhukhamba ngokulandelayo: Bumba indawo yokuphumula eyi-30 cm futhi ejulile. Ingxenye engezansi yekhefu igcwele nge-humus noma umquba (cishe 15 cm ukusuka phansi). Isembozo esingaphezulu ngesendlalelo yenhlabathi exutshwe nomquba ukuze kwakhiwe umgodi omncane noma umgodi - ukwenza ngcono ukudonsa kwamanzi.
Ukunakekelwa
Ukunakekelwa kwekhukhamba kwehlela ukhula, ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu (uma kunesidingo) kanye nokugqekeza ku-trellis. Ikhukhamba yisitshalo esithanda umswakama. Umswakama nokunisela kubaluleke kakhulu kumakhukhamba ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo (ngoJuni) nokwakheka kwezithelo (Julayi, Agasti). Ukomisa okwesikhashana kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokumiswa kwezithelo kuholela ekubonakaleni kokudabukela kwamakhukhamba, angavele aqedwe nganoma yikuphi ukunisela. Nisela ukhukhamba ngamanzi afudumele (amanzi abandayo kuholela ekuvinjelweni ukukhula kanye nokubukeka kwe-grey bola).
Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama wenhlabathi, ukhukhamba wokutshala uhlanganisiwe ngezinto ezenziwe ngezinto eziphilayo (ungasebenzisa ngisho notshani obunjiwe otshanini). I-mulch ivikela inhlabathi ukuthi isomile ngokushesha futhi ivimbele ukukhula kokhula, okusho ukuthi izokwazi ukunisela ukhukhamba kaningi, futhi ngeke udedele ukhula nensimu.
Ukuphuzi nokuwa kwama-ovari wamakhukhamba kufakazela ukweqisa kwenhlabathi noma ukuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba, okungenzeka ngokutshala okuqinile. Esimweni esinjalo, kuyadingeka ukuvumela inhlabathi yome bese usuthisa ukhukhamba ngesixazululo somanyolo wamaminerali noma umlotha. Ukuqapha kufanele kusetshenziswe lapho kusuthwa ukhukhamba ngezinto eziphilayo: izixazululo ze-liquid zezinto eziphilayo zingaqukatha amagciwane we-Fusarium, futhi izixazululo ngokuya ngokufakwa kokhula zingathwala amagciwane ezifo ezahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, igciwane le-mosaic kagwayi lihlala lisebenza cishe unyaka).
Lapho usuthisa, udinga ukukhumbula ukuthi esimweni sezulu esibandayo esinamafu, ukukhula kwezitshalo kuncipha futhi ngeke kube nomqondo kumanyolo: izimpande zamakhukhamba ziyakwazi ukuthola ngentshiseko izakhamzimba emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi okungenani ama-degree ayi-10. Ukuze uvikele ukushiswa, faka inhlabathi enomswakama ezungeze ukhukhamba ngamanyolo, uvikele ukuthintana namahlamvu.
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwamakhukhamba lidinga umoya. Ukuchelela kaningi kuxhuma inhlabathi engalinywanga, futhi ukhulula umonakalo ulungisa izimpande ezibucayi. Ukunikeza ukufinyeleleka komoya, ngosizo lwama-pitchforks engadini, ama-punctures enziwe emhlabathini aze afike ku-10-15 cm.
Lapho ukhukhamba olukhula emhlabathini ovulekile ngesikhathi semvula ende, kukhona ingozi yokusabalala ngokushesha kokubola okungwevu emiseleni eminyene yezitshalo. Imiphumela emihle itholakala ngokuzikhonkotha kuma-trellises: iziqu zamamitha aqinile zidonswa emhlabathini, kudonswe intambo phakathi kwazo bese imigoqo yamakhukhamba iboshiwe (njengezivini).
Kwesinye isikhathi, izimbali zesilisa kuphela ezakhiwa ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe zamakhukhamba. Ukugqugquzela ukwakheka kwezimbali ngama-ovari, kufanele uyeke ukuthambisa ukhukhamba izinsuku eziningana, uvumele inhlabathi ukuba yome. Futhi, ngemuva kweqabunga lesi-5 noma le-6 (kuya ngezinhlobo zamakhukhamba), kufanele uthinte isiqu esikhulu. Lokhu kuvusa ukukhula kwesitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamahlumela ngezimbali zabesifazane futhi kwandise umkhiqizo.
Ukukhetha njalo izithelo, okuhlala njalo kunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwezithelo eziningi, kubambezela ukuguga kwezitshalo nokukhulisa umkhiqizo. Ukhukhamba yezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezimfishane zivunwa njalo ngezinsuku eziyi-1-2, ezinezithelo ezinde (abamba ukushisa) - njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4.
Izithombo ezincane ikhukhamba. © WulfUngayikhetha kanjani ibanga
Ubukhulu nesimo akuzona ukuphela kwezimpawu lapho izinhlobo nezinhlobo zama-cocon zingafani. Yini enye esiyinaka?
Ekubukeni, noma ngokumangazayo, kwesibeletho. Kungaba mnene noma kucishe kungabikho; eceleni kwama-spikes amakhulu kungaba kuncane. Futhi ziyehluka ngombala: mhlophe, nsundu, umnyama.
Ukhukhamba omhlophe obomvu - uhlobo lwesaladi, alulungele usawoti. By endleleni, yilezi imifino, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isizini, eza emashalofini ethu kusuka zokugcina izithombo. Ngisho nasezithelweni ezinde ezibushelelezi, amabala amhlophe ajwayelekile angabonakala.
I-spikes emnyama noma nsundu - uphawu lokuthathwa kovuthwe noma uhlobo lwendawo yonke. Imvamisa lezi zixube izinhlobo (kaningi kaningi - nzalo) okuhloselwe inhlabathi evulekile noma ama-hotbeds. Izithelo zabo zilungile ukudla okusha, ukhukhamba no khekhe. Okuwukuphela kwendlela edonsa ngayo ukuthi ivuthwa ngokushesha okukhulu kune-spiked emhlophe, iphenduka iphuzi futhi ibe rough.
Khetha izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba ezilungele isifunda sakho. Kungamelana nezimo zezulu nezifo ezivamile endaweni yakini. Hlukanisa izinhlobo zesaladi kulabo ezingafakwa ngosawoti futhi zingamakhonkolo. Futhi kuzoba kuhle kakhulu uma bonke bevuthwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile. Izinhlobo zokuqala zikhiqiza ngokushesha izilimo; izinhlobo zakamuva zimelana kakhulu nezifo futhi zithela izithelo isikhathi eside.
Uma kukhonjiswa ukuthi uhlobo lwe-partenocarpic luhlobo lowesifazane lwezimbali, kubalulekile ukutshala inhlobonhlobo ye-pollinator kulo, ngaphandle kwalokho luzokuqhakaza kakhulu, kepha uzothola izithelo ezimbalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ze-parthenocarpic zivame ukuthi zikhulwe kumagumbi okugcina izithombo noma ezindaweni zokugcina amafilimu. Uma izinyosi zizikhulula, zingakhiqiza izithelo ezigobile. Ngakho-ke yenqaba ukukhula izinhlobo ezinjalo ezweni elivulekile ngaphandle kokuthi kunesibonakaliso esihambisanayo sokuthi zikulungele lokhu.
Futhi ungakhohlwa: ukhukhamba athanda ukushisa, futhi angatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile kuphela uma kungasenaso isongo seqhwa.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa, izakhi zofuzo ezivela e-United Arab Emirates zilethe ukhukhamba ngezithelo ezisikwele, ezilungele ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa. Basho ukuthi abanambitha okwehlukile kokujwayelekile.
Umbhede wekhukhamba. © A Thomas McPunkUkhukhamba olukhula endaweni evikelekile
Ikhukhamba lifinyelela kuqala phakathi kwemifino endaweni evikelekile eRussia, nangaphambi kwetamatisi. Ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nezindawo ezishisayo, ukhukhamba ukhula ikakhulukazi ngendlela efanayo nasendaweni evulekile, yize kunezici ezithile ezizoxoxwa ngezansi.
Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu ngaphansi kwefilimu ngaphambili, endaweni ephakathi neRussia - Meyi 10-15.
Lapho kwakhiwa abamba ukushisa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukhukhamba ukhula kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho kufanele kwenziwe okuphezulu ukuze izitshalo zingagcwele. Ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse emigqeni yezithombo, kudonswa uthingo (trellis). Njengoba amahlumela ekhula kuwo, izithombo ziboshwe ngokucophelela ezansi kwezithombo zeqabunga lesibili langempela.
Lapho unakekela ukhukhamba, kubalulekile ukubheka umbuso ophefumulayo, uzama ukuvimba ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa, oluyingozi kakhulu kulesi sitshalo. Emini, gcina okushisa komoya ku-greenhouse kungakapheli u-23 ... 26 ° C, futhi ebusuku - 19 ... 20 ° C.
Isikhathi sokutshala imbewu ngaphansi kwefilimu ngaphambili, endaweni ephakathi neRussia - Meyi 10-15.
Ukuvuna nokugcina ukhukhamba
Iqoqo lokuqala lamakhukhamba lihlwanyelwa imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile liqala maphakathi no-Julayi. Ngesikhathi sokukhulisa izithelo, kungakuhle ukuthi uvune ukhukhamba ngosuku noma ezimbili, ukhumbula ukuthi imvamisa izithelo zivunwa, kuphakama isivuno salesi sitshalo.
Kungcono ukuqoqa iZelentsy ekuseni lapho ukhukhamba luqinile futhi lugcinwa kangcono. I-Zelentsy kufanele isuswe ngokucophelela nangekhono, icindezele ngesithupha ku-peduncle, futhi kungcono ukuyinquma ngommese. Kulokhu, akunasidingo uma ungaphakamisa noma udlulisele imivimbo yamakhukhamba: zi-brittle kakhulu futhi zilimala kalula lapho izithelo zikhiwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye ngokuqoqwa kwezithelo ezingathengiswa, wonke ama-greenbacks angenasilinganiselo noma agulayo nawo ayasuswa, ngoba alibala kuphela ukwakhiwa kwamakhukhamba anempilo. Iqoqo lokugcina lamakhukhamba lenziwa ngemuva kokuqandeka kokuqala, cishe ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Ukhukhamba usheshe ulahlekelwe ukunambitheka kwawo kanye nokuzithengisa, kufiphale futhi kuwohloke. Izithelo ezivuniwe zingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa omoya ukusuka ku-7 kuye ku-12 ° C isikhathi esingadluli kwezinsuku eziyi-15. Njengomthetho, ukulala phansi ukhukhamba akusafanelekile ukuwafaka.
Ikhukhamba © isihlokoUkucoliswa kwamakhukhamba
Zonke izinhlobo zamakhukhamba zingelinye lamaqembu amabili amakhulu: i-parthenocarpic noma inyosi impova. Ukhukhamba lwe-Parthenocarpic lwakha izithelo ngaphandle kokucoliswa, ama-bee-pollinated adinga impova yezimbali ngokufaka impova ezinambuzaneni noma impova yezandla ekwakhekeni kwezithelo.
Lapho ukhula ukhukhamba enhlabathini engavikelekile, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo zawo womabili amaqembu. Kodwa-ke, akukhuthazwa ukutshala izinhlobo ze-parthenocarpic nezinyosi impova ndawonye emhlabathini ovikelekile ndawonye. Iqiniso ngukuthi izitshalo ze-parthenocarpic, uma zihlanganiswa impova yizinambuzane, zinika izithelo ezimbi ezibabayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kungcono ukukhulisa izinhlobo ezingezukuzalo.
Ukuheha izinambuzane ezinhlotsheni eziyimpova zenyosi, kunconywa ukufafaza izitshalo ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka sikashukela (1 ithisipuni likashukela ilitha elilodwa lamanzi). Njengoba kunezimbali eziningi ezingenalutho ezitshalweni, kunconywa ukuthi ucindezele phezulu kwesiqu esiyinhloko ngaphezulu kweqabunga lokugcina, okunomthelela ekukhuleni kwemivimbo eseceleni ngezimbali zabesifazane. Izimbali ezingenalutho akufanele zinqunywe: ukuvundiswa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwazo.
Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba
Abbad F1
Izinhlobo zamakhukhamba ze-Abbad F1 zinconyelwa iziza zasengadini zokukhula ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. I-Parthenocarpic, isaladi. Iba nezithelo ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuya ku-59 emva kokuhluma okugcwele. Lesi sitshalo asihlali ngaphakathi, ukumila kwamaqabunga kanye namaqabunga kukhona isilinganiso, uhlobo lowesifazane wokuqhakaza, inani lezimbali zowesifazane endaweni engeyama-3-4. Iqabunga liphakathi nendawo, liluhlaza. Ama-Zelenets angama-cylindrical, aluhlaza, abushelelezi. Isisindo sama-greens yi-140-160 g, ubude buyi-15-16 cm, ububanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-3.5-4.0. Izimpawu zokunambitha zemifino zihle kakhulu. Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo ezingathengiswa ngu-11.5 kg / m². Ukumelana ne-Powdery isikhutha, ukubekezelela ukuthambekisela phansi.
U-Adamu F1
Amakhukhamba e-Adam F1 anconyelwa iziza zasengadini, izingadi zasekhaya namapulazi amancane okulinyelwa endaweni evulekile, ezindlini zokugcina amafilimu nangaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu zesikhashana. Ukuqala kokuvuthwa, i-parthenocarpic, ehlukahlukene yokugaya ukhukhamba. Lesi sitshalo asihlali ngaphakathi, srednerosloy, uhlobo lwezimbali lowesifazane. Iqabunga lincane, liluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Ama-Zelenets angamaphayiphuli, aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama obumnyama ngemivimbo emifushane nokukhanya okubuthaka, onobuhle obucwathi (amashubhu eshubhu avame ukutholakala), i-pubescence imhlophe. Isisindo esiluhlaza singama-90-95 g, ubude buyi-9-10 cm, ububanzi bungamasentimitha ayi-3,5,7,7. Isithelo samakhukhamba we-Adamu ahlukahlukene yi-8.2-10.2 kg / m². Ukumelana ne-blotch ye-olive, i-Powdery isikhutha negciwane le-mosaic likhukhamba. Inani le-Adam likhukhamba hybrid liyisithelo esiphakeme, ukufana kwezithelo, nokumelana nezifo.
I-Cupid F1
Amakhukhamba Amur F1 anconyelwa iziza zasengadini zokukhula ekujuleni kwentwasahlobo-ehlobo ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zamafilimu. I-Parthenocarpic, ulethisi ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba. Kuqala ukuthwala izinsuku ezingama-37- 40 ngemuva kokuhluma okugcwele. Isitshalo asimaphakathi, sikhula ngokuqinile, sikhuphuka ngokungabi namandla, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwezimbali zabesifazane. Iqabunga liphakathi nendawo, liluhlaza, ligcobile kancane, ukuvama komphetho akukho noma kubuthakathaka kakhulu. Ama-Zelenets fusiform, afinyeziwe (12-15 cm), acwebile kahle, anentamo emfushane, eluhlaza enemithende ekhanyayo efinyelela phakathi, i-pubescence imhlophe. Isisindo sama-greens ngama-90-110 g. Ukunambitha kuhle kakhulu futhi kulungile. Isithelo sika-Adamu singama-12-14 kg / m². Umelana ne-virus yamakhukhamba, i-cladosporiosis, i-Powdery isikhutha, ibekezelela ukuthamba kwe-Downy. Inani le-hybrid ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukuzilawula kwegatsha, ukuthambekela kokubunjwelwa kwamaqanda, ukwakheka kwezithelo okunamandla, ukuzala kwesikhashana kanye ne-tuberosity of greenery, kanye nokumelana nezifo.
Annushka F1
Izinhlobonhlobo i-Annushka F1 inconyelwa iziza zasengadini zokukhula endaweni evulekile, ezindlini zokugcina amafilimu nangaphansi kwezindawo zokuhlala amafilimu zesikhashana. I-Annushka - maphakathi nesizini, i-bee-pollinated, isaladi, okuhlukahlukene kokukheni ukhukhamba. Isitshalo salolu hlobo lwamakhukhamba luhlobo eliphakathi nendawo, oluphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi oluhlobo lwezimbali, olunenqwaba yamaqanda. Iqabunga liphakathi nendawo, liluhlaza. Ama-Zelenets anobujamo be-cylindrical, luhlaza okotshani obumnyama, obunemivimbo emifushane futhi abuthaka ngokunganaki, obomvu, obomvu, ophakathi nosayizi, onqabile, omhlophe obomvu, akukho okubabayo kuzithelo. Isisindo sokuluhlaza ngokuluhlaza singama-95-110 g. Ubude bokuluhlaza kungu-10-12 cm, ububanzi ngu-3,0,5,5 cm.Ukuvelela kwezithelo ezintsha nezisemathinini muhle futhi kuhle kakhulu. Ukukhiqiza ukhukhamba we-Annushka F1 ngu-7.5-8.0 kg / m². Izinhlobonhlobo zimelana ne-cladosporiosis, ikhukhamba mosaic virus, i-powdery hlobo futhi ibekezelela i-Downy hlobo. Inani le-hybrid yisivuno esigxilile, ukuqina okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo emisha neyenziwe emathanjeni, kanye nokumelana nezifo.
Minion F1
Izinhlobonhlobo zeBaloven F1 zifakiwe Kwirejista Yombuso yeRussian Federation ngezingadi ezingadini zokukhula ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. Inyosi impova, ulethisi, izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba. Izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo ezisetshenziswayo ze-Baloven zivela ezinsukwini ezingama-47 ngemuva kokuhluma ngokuphelele. Lesi sitshalo asimaphakathi, sinamandla, sinamaqabunga amaningi, amagatsha angalinganiswa, ikakhulukazi ngohlobo lowesifazane wokuqhakaza, inani lezimbali zabesifazane endaweni engayi-2-3. Iqabunga lilingana ngobukhulu, luhlaza okotshani, lubunjiwe, lufutheka kancane eceleni. Ama-ovalts okusaqanda ngesimo, ngentamo emfushane kakhulu, luhlaza okotshani, okuphakathi, amashubhu osayizi abaphakathi nobukhulu, i-pubescence emnyama. Isisindo se-zelenets ngu-80 g, ubude buyi-8-10 cm, ububanzi buyi-2-3 cm. Izici zokunambitha zama-zelenets zihle kakhulu. Isithelo sezithelo zamakhukhamba ezinhlobonhlobo zeBaloven ngu-14.4 kg / m².
Ingelosi emhlophe F1
Inconyelwe iziza zasengadini zokukhula ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. I-White Angel F1 - i-parthenocarpic, isaladi, inhlobonhlobo ekheniwe yamakhukhamba. Izinhlobonhlobo ziba nezithelo ezinsukwini ezingama-44 kuya kwezingu-39 emva kokuhluma okugcwele. Uhlobo oluqinile, oluhlotshiswe kakhulu lwezimbali, oluhlanganisiwe, olunenqwaba yamaqanda. Iqabunga liphakathi nendawo, liluhlaza okomnyama, luthembeke kancanyana, lungahlanganisiwe emaphethelweni. Ama-cylindrical shape, amhlophe, amashubhu wobukhulu obuphakathi, angavamile, mhlophe. Isisindo se-Zelentsy 90 g, ubude i-9-11 cm, ububanzi obuyi-3,3,5,5 cm.Ikhwalithi enambitha yezithelo ezintsha nenothelwayo yinhle futhi ihamba phambili. Ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo zohlobo lwe-White Angel kungu-12-15 kg / m². Ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukuzala okufushane, ukubhula kwamakhambi, ukutholakala okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo emisha nokwenziwe emathinini yikho umehluko omkhulu obalulekile phakathi kwamakhukhamba wezinhlobonhlobo ze-White Angel.
Unomusa F1
Kunconyelwa ukhukhamba weBlagodatny F1 ukuze kutshalwe ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu ezakhiweni zasengadini nasezindizeni zasendlini. Mid-isizini, parthenocarpic, isaladi, ehlukahlukene ukosa ukhukhamba. Lesi sitshalo srednepletny, indeterminate, vigorous, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwezimbali zowesifazane. Iqabunga likhulu, liluhlaza, linyene kancane. I-Zelenets iyisilinda ngesimo ngokugijimisa kancane esisekelweni, i-coarse-tuberous, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemitheshana emifushane namabala amancane ayindilinga, i-pubescence imhlophe, ulaka alukho. Ubude bezinto eziluhlaza buyi-9.5-10,5 cm, ububanzi bungama-3.0 cm. Isisindo sezinto eziluhlaza singu 110-115 g. Izici zokunambitha zezithelo ezintsha nezisemakhishini zihle kakhulu. Isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo sifinyelela ku-20 kg / m², ngenyanga yokuqala sakha ama-7.2 kg / m² wezithelo. Ivumelekile ku-anthracnose. Inani le-Hybrid: ukukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumaketha, ukunambitheka okuhle kwemikhiqizo emisha neyenziwe okusemathinini.
I-Petrel F1
Kunconywa iziza zasengadini, izingadi zasekhaya namapulazi amancane okutshala ngaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. IPetrel F1 iyi-parthenocarpic, izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba asendaweni yonke. Iba nezithelo ezinsukwini ezingama-39-42 ngemuva kokuhluma okugcwele. Lesi sitshalo asimaphakathi, sikhula ngokuqinile, siqhakaze ngokuqinile, uhlobo lowesifazane wokuqhakaza, inani lezimbali zesifazane endaweni engeyama-3 noma ngaphezulu. Iqabunga lilingana ngobukhulu, luhlaza okotshani, lubunjiwe kancane, lufutheka kancane eceleni. Ama-Zelenets anombala obumbekile, obunjiwe kancane, oluhlaza ngemivimbo yobude obuphakathi, amashubhu aphakathi naphakathi, njalo, amhlophe ama-pubescence. Ubuningi bama-greens ngama-90-110 g, ubude buyi-11-13 cm, ububanzi buyi-3-4 cm. Izici zokunambitha zezithelo ezintsha nezisemakhishini zihle kakhulu. Isithelo sezithelo zamakhukhamba sale zinhlobonhlobo yi-11-13 kg / m². Umelana ne-virus yamakhukhamba, i-cladosporiosis, ebekezelela i-powdery kanye ne-Downy hlobo.
Abangane Abathembekile F1
Abangane abathembekile i-F1 - izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba ezinconyelwe iziza zamalimi nezomuntu siqu zokutshala endaweni evulekile nangaphansi kwezindawo zokugcina amafilimu. Ukuvuthwa kokuqala, i-bee-pollinated, ulethisi, ukhahlameya, izinhlobonhlobo zamakhambi ezingalwi nezibandayo. Lesi sitshalo sikhuphuka, siqonde ngaphakathi, simfushane, ikakhulukazi uhlobo lwezimbali zabesifazane. Iqabunga liphakathi nendawo, luhlaza okotshani, lubunjiwe kancane. Ema-node, kusuka ku-1-2 kuya ku-5-7 ama-ovari akhiwa. Ama-ovalts okusaqanda, ama-coarse-tuberous (ama-tubercles angavamile), aluhlaza ngemithende ekhanyayo yobude obuphakathi, i-pubescence emnyama, ayikho intukuthelo. Ubude bezinto eziluhlaza buyi-8-11 cm, ububanzi buyi-3.5-4.1 cm. Isisindo sezinto eziluhlaza singama 90- 90 g. Ukuqina kwezithelo ezintsha nezinosawoti kulungile. Ukukhiqiza okuhlukahlukene Abangani beqiniso enkundleni evulekile 2.5-3.0 kg / m². Ukumelana ne-olive blotch kanye ne-likhukhamba mosaic virus. Inani lamakhukhamba Izinhlobo zabangane abathembekile - isivuno esizinzile, ukwakhiwa kwenqwaba yamaqanda, ukukhiqizwa okwenziwe ngampofu kwesitshalo, okunciphisa izindleko zomsebenzi wezandla lapho kwakhiwa izitshalo kuma-greenhouse ezindlini, ukumelana nokubanda.
Ikhukhamba © Gerwin SturmIzifo Nezinambuzane
Ama-aphid amnandi
Ukwakheka komzimba wama-aphid gourd kungama-oval. Umbala ungaluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Ubude benkathazo bufika ku-2 mm. Izilokazane ezishubile nezindala zivame ukufihla ukhula. Entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifudumala okungenani ngama-degree ayi-10, ama-aphid aqala ukwanda kakhulu. Okokuqala, idla ukhula, bese iya esitshalweni uqobo. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ama-aphid agayiwe angaba khona esitshalweni samakhukhamba kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo, nasemhlabeni ovikelekile - ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo.
Isilokazana sivame ukutholakala emaqabungeni aphansi, amahlumela, izimbali, njll. Kulokhu, amaqabunga aqala ukugoqa, bese izimbali namaqabunga zivele ziwe.
- Izindlela zokulwa namagogo: Okokuqala udinga ukususa ukhula. Kuyadingeka ukuqoqa izinambuzane ngaphansi kwamahlamvu. Lapho zivela, kufanele zifafazwe ngesixazululo somlotha wokhuni nensipho. Ukufakwa kwe-Dandelion nakho kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Potash ne-phosphorus kusebenza kahle. Ukucutshungulwa kwenziwa lapho inkathazo ibonakala kwisilimo sekhukhamba, cishe kanye ngesonto.
Hluma undiza
Impukane ihluma inentambo emnyama emide esiswini sayo. Faka umbala ompunga, ongaba ngu-5 mm ubude. Izibungu zivame ukuba mhlophe, cishe zibe ngu-6 mm ubude. Ubusika buvame ukwenzeka enhlabathini ngaphansi kwemifino nezilimo. Entwasahlobo, izimpukane zibekela amaqanda enhlabathini, zifune ukungavuni kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-6-8, izibungu zingavela. Ngakho-ke ziqala ukubangela ukulimala okukhulu kuzithombo eziqhakazayo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Kwizitshalo zamakhukhamba, impukane ingena ngqo kusiqu.
- Izindlela zokulwa namagogo: Ukuvimbela inkathazo, hlwanyela imbewu ngesikhathi esibekiwe bese ufaka umanyolo ngomquba ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isikhala sesicabucabu
Umkhaza uvame kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nangaphansi kwefilimu ezitshalweni zamakhukhamba. Ijamo le-tick li-oval futhi li-oblong kancane. Ubude bu malunga ne-0.5 mm. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani. Izinambuzane zihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Zigaxa amaqabunga nge-cobweb emincane. Ngemuva kwalokhu, amaqabunga aqala ukuphenduka kancane aphuzi bese omile. Uma umkhaza usonakalisa kakhulu isitshalo, singafa ngokuphelele. Esimweni sezulu esomile, imikhaza izala kahle emhlabathini ovulekile. Bavela, njengomthetho, maphakathi noJuni. Ubusika bokubulala izinambuzane benzeka ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile naphezu kwenhlabathi.
Entwasahlobo, izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda emaqabungeni, zidle futhi zihlale lapho. Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhiza kuyaqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo. Isizukulwane esisodwa sivame ukukhula ngaphakathi kwenyanga.
- Izindlela zokulwa nesikhala sesicabucabu: Ukulwa kuthambisa njalo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Lapho kuvela inkathazo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngesisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhipha nokuqeda amaqabunga alimile kulesi sitshalo uqobo. Umphumela omuhle ukuhlanzelwa kokuvinjwa kwezihlahla zokugcina izithombo kusuka kukhula kanye nemfucumfucwana yezitshalo ehlukahlukene
Ukhukhamba aqukethe i-potassium, i-calcium, i-iron, i-phosphorus, iodine, futhi ngamanani abalulekile kumakhukhamba kukhona namavithamini abaluleke kakhulu: i-carotene, B2, B1, PP, i-pantothenic acid, B6, C, nabanye. Ngakho-ke, ukhukhamba aluphansi kumakherothi, utamatisi, u-anyanisi ngisho nama-citruse ezimweni eziwusizo nezokwelapha.
