Imigqa ephakathi yeRussia ibonakala ebusika obusika obunamakhithikhi, anamafrikhithi esikhashana afinyelela ku-30, emswakama, ehlobo efudumele, kanye nesimo sezulu esipholile sezwekazi. Ukuqhamuka emaphethelweni aseningizimu ye-apricot, ukutshala nokunakekela kulayini ophakathi nendawo kudinga okhethekile. Ithafa laseYurophu lifaka izifunda ukusuka eBelarus kuya esifundeni seVolga, kusukela emingceleni yesifunda sase-Arkhangelsk kuya esifundeni iBlack Earth. Enyakatho, ibanga lilinganiselwe yi-taiga, eningizimu - ngehlathi-steppe.
Izidingo ze-Apricot
Uma uletha isithombo esivela ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zezwe, ngeke siphile esimweni esibi, noma umuthi ngeke uthele. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala emgqeni ophakathi kwama-apricots nokunakekelwa kuyenziwa kucatshangelwa izimo zasendaweni. Izinhlobo ezintsha ezivumelaniswa nesimo sezulu sendawo, esibizwa ngokuthi zoned, zakhiwe. Zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kusuka ezinhlanyelweni zesihlahla esinezimpande noma ngohlaka lokutshala.
Akuwona wonke umhlaba nomhlaba lapho kufanele khona ukukhula kwe-apricot. I-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobo ezibunjiwe ilinganiselwe, izihlahla zidinga ukuvikeleka ekushiseni okushisa ebusika nasezifo. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ungatshala izihlahla ze-apricot uma izici zangaphandle zibhekwa lapho utshala futhi unakekela ama-apricots asemgqeni ophakathi:
- kokufika, kukhethwe umthambeka onokhanyisa okuphezulu phakathi nosuku;
- amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kufanele alale phansi, hhayi eduze kuka-2 m ebusweni;
- kufanele kube nekhethini elivela emoyeni osenyakatho, udonga lwendlu, uthango noma isikrini esivikela;
- khetha izithombo kufanele zibe izinhlobo ezicebile zobusika;
- inhlabathi kumele ifudumele, ivundile enezinhlanyandlela eziningi zomhlaba.
Uma uphakamisa isiza sokufika endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-70 ngaphezu komhlaba, igquma lizozifudumeza ngokushesha okukhulu. Izimpande zikhuphuka zisuka emanzini aphansi komhlaba. Ukuze kufakwe umswakama, kuhlelwa isoseji. I-apricot yabantu abadala ayidingi ukuthambisa kaningi.
Ukutshala i-Apricot Orchard
Wonke umlimi ufuna ukuthola isivuno sokuqala kusuka kwisithombo ngokushesha okukhulu. Mhlawumbe, uma utshala ama-apricots entwasahlobo, hlanganisa izithombo kuma-formers. Njengesitoko, kusetshenziswa amaplamu omdlalo wasendle, izinhlobo zasendaweni ezingaholi. I-Apricot ihlanganiswe ngezinga le-1,2-1,5 m ukusuka esisekelweni. Ukugoma esiqwini lapho ukuphakama okunjalo kuvikela isiqu se-apricot ekuvuthweni - okubi okwenzeka ezihlahleni eduze kwaseMoscow. Ukuqina kobusika nobusika bukhiqiza isivuno. Njengomsebenzi ongasebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlotshisiwe. Thengisa izithombo ezinjalo ezitsheni. Udinga ukuthenga izinto zokutshala kuphela enkulisa.
Ukutshala ama-apricots emgqeni ophakathi kungenziwa ngezithombo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinohlelo olunezimpande oluvulekile. Isikhathi esihle sokufika emhlabeni sekwephuzile ngo-Ephreli. Isitshalo esincane sidinga ukuvikeleka emafrijini okubuya. Izitshalo zokukhetha zendawo ezinezimbali ezivuvukayo kepha ezivalekile ziyakhethwa. Isithombo esinjalo sithela isivuno eminyakeni engama-4-6.
Ungagcina imbewu eyomile ezihlahleni zasendaweni, bese utshala ama-apricots ekwindla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa umsele, uwugcwalise ngenhlabathi evundile, ubeke imbewu, ufafaze ngomhlaba ne-mulch ngotshani noma ngotshani. Ama-stratation wemvelo azodlula, futhi entwasahlobo izithombo ezincane zizovuka, kodwa hhayi zonke. Ukutshala nokunakekela izithombo ukudala umqhele, ukuhlinzeka ngemibandela yokuthuthuka okusheshayo nokuvikelwa ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni.
Isici ekunakekelweni kwama-apricots isidingo sokulawula isivuno, kanye nokwakhiwa kwesihlahla sezithelo kukho konke impilo yakho.
Ingabe ama-apricots akhula e-Urals naseSiberia
Kuze kube muva nje nje, i-amateur ibonisa ama-apricots embukisweni wesipho se-dacha ihlaziswe abalimi bendawo futhi yathukwa ngokuletha izithelo. Kwakuyintandokazi yasendaweni uNikolai Pavlovich Pitelin waseChelyabinsk. Waqala ukwethulwa kwe-apricot e-Urals nokusetshenziswa kwamantshontsho asendaweni njengembewu yezitshalo eziyizithombo ezingaphansi.
Kwaphela iminyaka engu-6, ebheka impahla ye-scion. Ngo-1992, wathola ukusikeka ezinhlotsheni zaseKhabarovsk nase-Akademik ezivela eKhabarovsk wazitshala ezitshalweni zasendaweni ezineminyaka eyisithupha. Wabe esethola izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe ngezimpawu ezivela ezi-scions zokuqala, futhi wethula iKrasnoyarsk - iSerafim ne-Amur.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngithole izinhlobo zasendaweni, ezihlotshiswe zona, ngazithumela kubalimi. Amabhilikosi e-Urals asezimpandeni. Ebusika obubanda kakhulu, lapho kufa izihlahla zama-apula nezama-cherry, ama-apricots asinda. Kepha ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kunzima ukuzivikela emafrijini okubuya, okungajwayelekile ema-Urals. Eminyakeni eyishumi, ama-apricots athela izithelo amahlandla ama-6, kweminye iminyaka, isivuno sishabalala. Kepha ama-apula, amapheya, amaplamu nawo ahlupheka.
Esifundeni sase-Ural, kunconywa ukuthi kukhule:
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Amur, isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo, nezithelo ezinesisindo esingu-30 g, esimnandi, sithela kufika kuma-40 kg ngeminyaka evumayo, yokuzala okuyingxenye;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeSeraphim, izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-30 g, okunamakha kancane, okunoshukela nenyama emuncu, kukhiqiza kufika kuma-30 kg, izinhlobonhlobo zokuzimela;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeKhabarovsky, ezinamandla, ezifiphele, zivikela kg ezingama-35, ukuzilapha ngokushesha, izithelo esikalini lokunambitheka kwamaphuzu ama-4;
- Izazi ezinhlobonhlobo, ezinamandla, izithelo ezifika ku-55 g enesisindo, ukunambitha amaphuzu angu-4.
Ukutshala ama-apricot eSiberia, endaweni eyingozi yokulima, kuyenziwa nangodaka basendaweni. Lapha, umhloli u-Ivan Leontyevich Baikalov wabanjwa ngeminyaka engu-40, futhi kwenziwa umsebenzi wezingane wase Minusinsky eKhakassia. Umsebenzi weBaikalov wokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zasendaweni awuzange udale impumelelo, kepha njengezitoko, asetshenziswa ezifundeni zase-Ural naseNingizimu yeSiberia.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana ezinobusika obungaqinile, ziyaqhakaza kusuka eziqandeni ezibuyayo futhi ezisetshenziselwa umsebenzi wokuzalela olandelayo:
- I-Siberian Baikalov yadalwa ngesisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo ezingaziwa ezingenisiwe ezivela eFar East. Izinhlobonhlobo zasungulwa eKhakassia esizeni esizimele, sabhaliswa ngonyaka ka 2002 ngabhaliswa ngumbuso. Umuthi ongu-3.5 m ukuphakama, onamakha hhayi ongqwabile, wezithelo zezithelo zohlobo lwesitsha sezimbali.
- I-East Siberian iyi-hybrid yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile nezesiManchuri. Isici - blooms maphakathi noMeyi. Izithelo 25-35 g, okumnandi, okumnandi okumaphakathi.
- I-Northern Lights iyi-hybrid yesizukulwane sesithathu-ebhalwe ngokubambisana noMatunin. I-hybrid ine-high frost ukumelana. Izimbali zamabhilikosi eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo kaMeyi, Kusuka emaqandeni abuyayo.
Ubukhulu bokukhula kwama-apricots aseSiberia ekutshaleni kuphela emagqumeni, futhi umhlaba kufanele ube owanele ukuze izimpande zingabi yiqhwa ebusika. Ukutshala izinhlobonhlobo eziningana kuyadingeka, ngoba azikho izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuzithela. Awukho umnqumo kusendalini ovunyelwe. Kuyadingeka ukuvikela impilo yesihlahla okunzima ukuyiphila ezimeni zaseSiberia.
