“UNkulunkulu watshala i-baobab esigodini somfula ogeleza ngokugcwele, kepha umuthi ongathandeki wawungeneme ngenxa yokugcwala kwalezi zindawo. UMdali uthathe i-baobab ukuba ihlale ezintabeni, kodwa futhi nalapho umuthi wawubukeka ungathandeki. Lapho-ke inkosi yasezulwini ngentukuthelo yabambelela i-baobab ngezimpande zayo phakathi kwe-savannah eyomile. nomuthi kaNkulunkulu, othukuthelele uNkulunkulu, ukhula ubheke phansi. ”
Ngakho-ke lean le-Afrika ichaza ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kwe-baobab.
On the expanses enkulu of a strothes ende ende yase-Afrika - ama-savannah, izitshalo ezinamahlahla zitholakala ngezikhathi ezithile. Imvamisa, lezi zihlahla ezikhuluphele zesaxesi ezihanjiswe izinyoni, izihlahla zomthi womtholo obunjwe ngesambulela ezinomqhele ovulekile, kanye ne-baobab edumile.
Baobabs. © Ralph KranzleinIChunky, nesiqu esikhulu esingajwayelekile ngokungajwayelekile (kwesinye isikhathi singamamitha angama-45 ngokujikeleza) futhi sinomqhele obanzi, kepha ophansi, i-baobab ingesinye sezihlahla ezihlonishwa kakhulu ze-Equatorial Africa. Umbono wasungulwa ngokuqinile wokuthi isihlahla esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni yi-eucalyptus, bese kuba ne-metasequoia, bese i-baobab ihlala inikezwa indawo enesizotha kakhulu. Futhi ngokuzumayo, isiqhwaga se-baobab, esingalingani phakathi kwezinye izihlahla zalolu hlobo, satholwa okokuqala e-Afrika muva nje. Kumamitha ayi-189, umqhele wawo onamandla, uvame ukusakazwa endaweni ephansi kakhulu, ukhuphukele phezulu, bese kuthi isiqu sobubanzi esisekelweni sasifinyelela kumamitha angama-44.
Ngokuqala kwenkathi eyomile ecishe ibe yizinyanga eziyisithupha, imidondoshiya yase-Afrika, ngokungafani nezihlahla eziningi zasendaweni, iyehla amaqabunga ayo bese imi lapho kuze kuqale inkathi yemvula. Lapho kufika inkathi yemvula, ziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye ngokuvela kwamaqabunga, zakha amakhulu (afinyelela amasentimitha angama-20 ubukhulu) izimbali ezingashadile. Isimbali ngasinye esinamaphara amahlanu anamahloni namabhuqa amaningi onsomi alengalenga ku-peduncle ende. I-Baobab iyaqhakaza izinyanga eziningana, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngenkathi lina, kepha imbali ngayinye ihlala ubusuku obubodwa kuphela. Kusihlwa, ihlumela elisha, eliqinile futhi elivelayo lembula amacembe athambile, acwebile, kuthi ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga alahlekelwe wukudinwa.
Isikhathi eside bekungaziwa ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ngaphansi kwesembozo sobusuku ukuqothulwa kwezimbali ze-baobab kwenzeka. Kwavela ukuthi amalulwane ahilelekile kulokhu. Ngokuqala kobumnyama, ngobuningi bazungeza umqhele omnyama, bafuna izimbali. Ngokukhipha umpe kanye nempova okumnandi kubo, amalulwane ngasikhathi sinye athola izimbali zebaobab.
I-Baobab iyaqhakaza lapho yonke igqokwa ngamahlamvu. Amaqabunga angama-palmate, ahlanganiswe namapheshana amahlanu amasentimitha angu-18 ubude namasentimitha ayi-5 ububanzi.
Izithelo ze-baobab. © Lip Kee YapYize i-baobab idume njengesitshalo somhlaba wonke, zonke izingxenye zazo ezizuzisa umuntu, izithelo zazo, isinkwa esibizwa ngokuthi yi-monkey, zibaluleke kakhulu. Izithelo ezinkulu ze-baobab (ezinkulu amasentimitha angama-35 ubude kuze kufike ku-17 cm), zifana namakhukhamba amakhulu, zilenga ezihlahleni ngeziqu ezinde ezondile. Ukusuka phezulu, izithelo ezisencane zimbozwe nge-fluff curly lapho kubonakala khona ikhasi elimnyama elikhanyayo; lapho izithelo sezivuthwa, umkhuhlane uyanyamalala.
Emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinkulu kuphakama izindimbane zezinkawu zidla izithelo zazo, ngakho-ke abantu bendawo babiza i-baobab ngokuthi isihlahla senkawu.
Inyama yezithelo ibomvu, iyadidizela, iyathandeka, imuncu, iyaqabula. Kudliwa kalula ngabantu bendawo. Izithelo nembewu ye-baobab isetshenziswa ngabomdabu njengomuthi wesifo sohudo nezifo zamehlo, ujusi wezithelo usetshenziselwa ukulungisa isiphuzo ukomisa isiphuzo, okuthathwa njengekhambi lokwelapha isifo esinomkhuhlane oshubisayo. Abomdabu benza izitsha ezivela kumagobolondo ezithelo.
Imbewu yeBaobab iqukethe uwoyela omningi, idliwe i-toasted, ukukhishwa kwembewu yikhambi elingcono kakhulu lobuthi nge-strophanthus.
Amagxolo e-baobab ayingqayizivele kakhulu: ungqimba olungaphezulu lube nokunwebeka, njengesipanji, kanti olungaphakathi luqukethe ngokuphelele imicu eqinile. Izindwangu ezingafanele, izintambo ngisho nezintambo zezinsimbi zomculo wendawo zenziwa ngemicu. Isaga seSenegal sithi ngamandla wefayibha: "akusizi ngalutho, njengendlovu eboshwe ngentambo ye-baobab." Izinkuni ze-baobab ezithambile kakhulu zihlala zingavuthiwe futhi zigcina ukunikezwa kwamanzi kuyo yonke inkathi eyomile. Amagxolo awugqinsi, anwebekile avimbela ukuhwamuka komswakama ngokweqile, futhi amaqabunga awawa ekushiseni. Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisezingeni eliphansi zokhuni lwe-baobab, abantu abamnyama bazisebenzisa kakhulu ekwenzeni izikebhe nezinye izinto.
Imbali yeBaobab. © Lip Kee YapAmaqabunga eBaobab asetshenziswa kabanzi. Zidliwa zintsha, futhi zomile futhi zichotshoziwe, zibhekwa njengokuwongwa okuhle kakhulu komzala wesizwe. Amaqabunga eBaobab abhekwa njengomuthi omuhle olwa nemalariya, ngaphezu kwalokho, asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-sourdough.
Ngokucabanga kwesihlahla esisebenziseka kangaka njengengcwele, izakhamizi ze-savannah zinamathela ngokuqinile kulesiko - wonke umuntu kufanele ahlwanyele imbewu yebaobab eduze nasekhaya.
I-baobab ixhashazwa ngokungenacala ngabakhilezi abaningi basendle be-savannah, ikakhulukazi izindlovu. Shono ama-baobab abizwa ngokuthi ama-eateries endlovu lapha. Isithombe esijwayelekile kuma-savannahs ukuthi izindlovu zigobhoza esihlahleni ziqhekeza amagatsha awo, zephule iziqu zezihlahla, ziklebhule amagxolo futhi zidle konke ngaphandle komkhondo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindlovu zinika izingcezu ezincane kunazo zonke ezinamanzi izinkuni emabeleni. Umlutha wezindlovu kuma-baobabs watholakala muva nje futhi awukachazwa. Amaqabunga eBaobab namalulwane nawo ayingozi. Kuyaqabukela ukuthola isihlahla se-baobab engutsheni egcwele eluhlaza: ingxenye ecatshangwayo yamaqabunga ayo ihlala yonakaliswa, idliwa ndawonye.
Ngaphezu kwe-Equatorial Africa, i-baobab ikhula eMadagascar, eNdiya nase-savannahs yase-Australia. Kulezi zingxenye kumelelwa izinhlobo eziyi-16 ezabelwe ama-botanists emndenini wama-bombaks, ngendlela, osondele kakhulu emndenini we-malva. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-savannah enkulu ihlobene ne-beauties mallow yethu enesizotha.
Baobab. © Sakke WiikIBaobab ingelinye lamaqhawe ahlonishwayo emhlabeni wezitshalo. Ngisho no-Alexander Humboldt wabiza lesi sihlahla ngokuthi yisikhumbuzo sendalo endala, futhi isazi esidumile sase-Afrika uMichael Adanson ngonyaka we-1794 sachaza eSenegal i-baobab enobubanzi bamamitha ayi-9 lapho ineminyaka engama-5150. Ngale ndlela, ukuhlonipha lo gqwetha wezitshalo, uKarl Linnaeus wahlukaniswa negama le-baobab igama lesayensi "adansonia", eligcinwe futhi namanje laziwa.
Amagama amaningi esidlaliso anikezwa i-baobab ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu besiqu saso. Okwamanje, ukubukwa kubonise ukuthi ukuguquguquka kokushintshashintsha kwesiqu kubangelwa yizimo zezulu. U-Forester G. Guy eNational Museum koBulawayo (Southern Rhodesia) iminyaka engama-35 (1931-1966) walinganisa umkhondo wesiqu se-baobab efanayo, futhi yize kwavela ukuthi wahluka minyaka yonke, awuzange weqe umkhawulo wokuqala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi unyaka wokuqala wawudonsa, futhi womile olandelayo.
Izihlahla zeBaobab zinenye impahla emangalisayo: ziyakwazi ukuqongelela into ethile yalelo khulu leminyaka - uranium.
Baobab. © Maurizio PesceIBaobab imvamisa isebenza ngendlela emangalisayo ezimweni zokuphila ezinzima. Ngokushoda kwamanzi njalo, kuthuthukisa izimpande ezingamamitha amakhulu eceleni. Silimele abantu noma izindlovu, amagxolo abuyiselwa ngokushesha. Akesabi imililo ye-baobab ne-steppe. Ngisho noma umlilo ovuthayo ukwazi ukungena esiqwini bese ushisa wonke umongo wawo, umuthi uyaqhubeka ukhula. Ezihlahleni ezinjalo ze-baobab, kunzima kakhulu ukusungula ubudala ngisho nendlela ye-radioactive. Kodwa-ke, kwizitshalo eziqinile lokhu akulula ukwenza, ngoba izinkuni ze-baobab azinazindandatho zesihlahla ezijwayelekile ezihlahleni zethu.
Izinkuni ezithambile ze-baobab zivame ukulinyazwa isikhunta, nazo ezifaka isandla ekwakhekeni kwezimbobo ezinkulu emithini yazo. Kepha umuthi ezimweni ezinjalo awuyeki ukusebenzela umuntu, yize kunjalo ngendlela ethile engajwayelekile. Kwanele ukwenza umgodi engxenyeni engenhla yesihlahla esinjalo (imvamisa yakha ngokwemvelo), futhi isiqu esikhulu, esingenalutho ngokuvamile sigcwaliswa ngamanzi emvula nangomswakama omningi. Itende eliminyene lomqhele we-baobab livikela ngokuthembekile ithangi elinjalo ekushwabeni, liqoqe amaqabunga kanye namagatsha amanzi liphinde liphindaphinde ukulethwa kwalo emthonjeni. Abahlali bendawo bayayithanda indawo yokuhlala enjengale, bonge okuqukethwe yiyo ngosuku olunemvula.
Ngaphansi komqhele we-baobabs, izindlu zivame ukwakhiwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlelwa imamoleyamu ezihlahleni zezihlahla ezinkulu, lapho kungcwatshwa khona izinsalela zabaholi bezizwe nabaholi abavelele bezempi. Umgodi omkhulu we-baobab (amamitha ayi-6X6) akhula kwelinye lamadolobha asenyakatho-nentshonalanga ye-Australia (kukhona ama-baobabs lapho, yize ewuhlobo oluhlukile), abaphathi bendawo bayala ngomoya wesikhathi samakoloni, behlomisa ijele ledolobha lapho. Isazi sasemuva esivela eNyakatho Rhodesia, uD. Fenshaw, sibika ukuthi eKatima, emgodini we-baobab, kwahlelwa kabusha indlu yangasese enesitsha sendlu yangasese nomgodi ogeleza.
Baobab bonsai. © Damien du ToitImidondoshiya yeBaobab, engayazi ukuguga, isinda ifinyelele eminyakeni engama-6000, futhi ngalesi sikhathi izizukulwane eziningi zabantu zithathelwa indawo.
S. I. Ivchenko - Incwadi mayelana nezihlahla
