Ama-raspberries - i-berry eyintandokazi ezweni. Ukuze isihlahla sikwazi ukwakha isivuno esihle samajikijolo amakhulu, kudingeka ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kuma-raspberries, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo. Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kufaka iqoqo lezinqubo okufanele zifakwe ohlelweni futhi zenziwe ngonyaka. Sebenza kuma-raspberries, aphethwe ngendlela yokuhlaselwa okuhlukile entwasahlobo, ngeke uzuze i-berry ethandekayo, futhi umnikazi ngeke aneliseke ngesimo sesitshalo esimnandi.
Ama-raspberries.
Uzoqala nini umsebenzi wentwasahlobo kuma-raspberries?
Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-raspberry kuqala ngenyanga yokuqala yentwasahlobo. Iqoqo lezinqubo zonyaka eziphoqelekile lifaka:
- ishawa eshisayo;
- izihlahla
- ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi;
- i-garter
- ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- ukuchelela;
- ukuvikela izinambuzane;
- ukuvikela ezifweni.
Ukugeza okusajingijolo okushisayo
- ekuqaleni kukaMashi, ngenkathi kuseqhweni, babutha imfucumfucu ebibiwe phakathi nobusika kusuka emahlathini okusajingijolo bese beyikhipha esizeni (uma lo msebenzi ungazange wenziwe ekwindla);
- udoti kumele ushiswe, ngoba izinambuzane zingabusika lapho, namaqabunga avuthwe ngesigamu angatheleleka ngezifo zokukhunta;
- shisa amanzi ubilise bese ugcwalisa ibhodlela lamalitha ayi-5;
- kusuka ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-0.7-1.0, ama-raspberry busti athelwa amanzi ngespout nge-diffuser.
Le nqubo ayinangozi kuma-raspberries. Kuze kufike lapho amanzi ashisayo efika emahlathini, izinga lokushisa lawo lizokwehla lize liye ku-70 ° C nangaphansi. Ukushisa okunjalo kwamanzi ngeke kuzilimaze izinso zokulala zama-raspberries, kepha kuzodala ukubulawa kwezinamba eziningi zezinambuzane, kufaka phakathi i-nematode, engeke iqedwe yiziphi ubuthi.
Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuthambisa okungu-1 kwamanzi afudumele kwanele ukucubungula izihlahla ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4. Uma ama-raspberry bush akhulu (amagatsha ama-10-15), sebenzisa amanzi ayi-5 litre ukuthambisa izihlahla ezi-2.
Ama-raspberries okuthena entwasahlobo
Ngemuva kweshishi eshisayo, ngokushesha nje lapho kumiswa izinga lokushisa elifanele, ingaphezulu lomhlabathi liyokoma, bese kubekwa izihlahla ezi-raspberry bese zisungulwa.
Kungakhathaleki ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokutshala ama-raspberries, kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukunquma izigaba ezi-2.
Esigabeni sokuqala, ukufukama okubuthakathaka kususwa emhlabathini uqobo, okuhlanganisiwe, kugobekile, amagatsha aqine futhi ngeziqu ngokuvuvukala phansi (gall midge izibungu zobusika lapho). Iziqu ezisele zihlulwe ngaphandle, zishiya iziqu eziyi-6-8 ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kweziqu, kuze kube neziqu ezifika ku-15 ukuya kwezi-20 ngemitha eqondile ngesikhathi sokutshala ngethayela. Ukuncipha kuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno kanye namajikijolo achotshoziwe.
Isigaba sesibili sama-raspberries wokuthena kwentwasahlobo senziwa lapho kusungulwa indawo yokushisa yomoya ezinzile okungenani engu-5 ° C. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiqumbe sele ivuliwe, iziqongo zesiko laqala ukukhula futhi kubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi isihlahla siqedwe kanjani. Ukucwaningwa kokugcina kususa iziqu ezilahlekile zama-raspberry, izihloko ezibandayo zeziqu.
Ezindibeni ezinempilo zama-raspberries, iziqongo zenzelwe ubude obungafika ku-20 cm ukuze zithole amahlumela athela izithelo athambile, aqandisiwe anqunywe engweni yokuqala ephilayo. Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-raspberries kubalulekile ngoba kudala izimo ezifanelekile ekwakhiweni kwesivuno esiningi, kwandisa isikhathi sesikhathi sezithelo.
Ama-raspberries okuthena entwasahlobo.
Ukulinywa kwenhlabathi okusajingijolo
Ngemuva kokuncipha, zonke izinsalela ziyashiswa. Ukuze unganyatheli inhlabathi ku-raspberry, kuyadingeka ukubeka amapulangwe, izingcezu zeslayidi esibushelelezi, enye imfucumfucu enxebeni lwezikhala bese usebenza nazo kuphela, ngaphandle kokungena emugqeni we-raspberry.
Emigqeni, inhlabathi ayithukululwa ingabi ngaphezu kuka-8-10 cm, ichitha ukhula, iniselwe futhi ifakwe ungqimba olungafika ku-15 cm. Straw, compost, humus zisetshenziswa njenge-mulch kuma-raspberries. I-mulching izogcina umswakama, ovele uphume ngokushesha ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga yasentwasahlobo nemimoya. I-organic mulch ingumthombo omuhle wezakhi zohlelo lwe-raspberry izimpande. Musa ukufaka izithombo zenhlabathi ezinomswakama eduze kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Zithukululwa kuphela ngemuva kokugqoka okuphakeme nokunisela.
Ukuze isihlahla se-raspberry singonakalisi izindawo ezintsha ze-berry ngehlumela, sibiyelwe ngesilayidi esibushelelezi, esifakwe emzimbeni, kanye nezinye izinto ezingaba ngu-15-20 cm.
I-raspiberi garter
Lapho ukhule ezifundeni ezibandayo, ama-raspberries asuswa kuma-ukusekela ebusika, anciphisa amathuba okuwaqandisa ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezingezinhle. Uma kusetshenziswe i-trellis noma i-bush bush, ngemuva kokulungisa nokuhlanza isiza, baqala ukukhipha izihlahla ezi-raspberry. Ama-tapestry neziqu zivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu ezinezithelo.
Ngendlela ye-trellis yokukhula, ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezi-raspberry lihlala okungenani libe yi-60-70 cm.Iziqu zinomumo wefeni futhi zikwi-trellis kude ne-10-12 cm. Isiqu ngasinye siboshwe ngocingo oludlulayo ezindaweni ezi-2 ukuze phezulu lingawi phansi.
Ngokwakhiwa kwama-raspberries esihlahleni, isigxobo siqhutshwa phakathi kwezihlahla ezi-2 nengxenye yesihlahla siboshwe (ukusuka kusiqu ngasinye) kuya esigxotsheni ngasinye. Ngale ndlela ye-garter sebenzisa izihlahla ezigobekayo zeziqu. Isiqu ngasinye sinqunywa kubude obuhlukile - cm- 10 - 20.
Lapho kukhula ama-raspberries ezisekelweni, izitshalo azifihli enye nenye, inani elikhudlwana lamajikijolo avuthwa ngasikhathi sinye, kulula kakhulu ukuvuna izithelo.
Ukugqoka okusajingijolo kwentwasahlobo
Naphezu kokukhiqizwa kwekwindla wonyaka, ama-raspberries ahlanganiswa futhi entwasahlobo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyadingeka kakhulu kuma-raspberries emhlabathini ongenalusizo. Gcoba ngendlela yezixazululo noma amafomu agxiliwe agobekayo. Ama-fertilizer kumele afakwe ngaphansi kokuchelela futhi alandelwe yi-mulching nge-mulch okungenani i-5 cm.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula raspberries bondliwe izikhathi 3.
Isimbali se-raspberry garter.
Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwama-raspberries kwenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Imvamisa nitrofoska, kemir, ukuxubeka okuyinkimbinkimbi, nezinye izinhlobo zamafutha amaminerali kwethulwa ngaphansi kwama-raspberries. Izimo zomanyolo wamaminerali zisukela ku-60-80 g / sq. m. Ngomhlabathi ophelile, amanani omanyolo akhushulelwa ku-80-100 g / sq. m
Ungangeza i-ammonia, kepha mhlawumbe i-potassium nitrate noma i-urea ngesilinganiso esingu-30- 40 g / sq. m ngokwethulwa kanyekanye kwezinkuni zomlotha ku-150 g / isihlahla. I-Ash inomthelela ekuwohlokeni kwenhlabathi, evuselelwa ngokusetshenziswa njalo kwe-ammonium nitrate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ash iqukethe iqoqo elicebile lezinto ezincane nezinkulu.
Ungasebenzisa umanyolo we-organic - humus noma umquba - 3-5 kg / sq. Njalo ngonyaka noma ngonyaka ekugqokeni kokuqala okuphezulu. m
Ngemuva kokuqeda umanyolo, ama-raspberries ayaniselwa. Ngemuva kokumunca amanzi, ahlanganiswe nge-humus, i-peat, ukusikwa, utshani kanye nezinye izinhlobo zem mulch. Lapho kufakwa umanyolo we-organic ekugqokeni, i-mulching nge-humus ayisetshenziswa.
Ukugqokwa kwesibili okuphezulu kwama-raspberries (isigaba sokuqala kokuqokwa kwesibeletho) kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30.
Imvamisa lokhu kugqokwa okuphezulu kwenziwa ngomanyolo we-organic. Ama-0.5-1.0 kg womquba noma wethonsi lenyoni afakwa kumalitha ayi-12-16 nayi-12-16 ngokulandelana. Ngomitha olayiniwe, izinga lokugeleza kwesisombululo ngamalitha angama-2-3. Ngaphandle kokufakwa komanyolo ngendlela yesisombululo, ngemuva kokugqoka ngaphezulu, inhlabathi kumele iniselwe futhi ifakwe emanzini.
Uma udaba lwe-organic lungezwe ekugqokeni kokuqala okuphezulu, khona-ke i-superphosphate nosawoti we-potassium kwengezwa kwesibili, ngokusekelwe ku-30-40 no-20-25 g / sq., Ngokulandelana. indawo.
Ukugqokwa kwesithathu okuphezulu kwama-raspberries kwenziwa ngemuva kokuvunwa.
Ngaphansi kokumba okungashoni (15-20 cm) imigqa yenza umanyolo omkhulu wamaminerali ku-80-120 g / sq. indawo.
Ukunisela ama-raspberries
Njengoba ama-raspberries athatha kakhulu umswakama, ayikho inqubo eqinile yokunisela. Zenziwa ngokuya ngesimo se-raspberry nezimo zesimo sezulu. Ukunisela ikakhulukazi futhi okwanele kuyadingeka kuma-raspberries ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-ovary. Ngokuntuleka kwamanzi, amajikijolo mancane, awomile, ayi-bony. Ukunisela kwenziwa kanye ngemisele. Inhlabathi kufanele igcwale amanzi afinyelela ku-cm cm ayi-10 cm. Ekupheleni kokunisela, mulching kuyadingeka.
Drop ukunisela raspberries.
Ukuvikela ama-raspberries ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
Njengazo zonke izilimo zasengadini, ama-raspberries atheleka ezifweni (i-powdery hlobo, i-anthracnose, amabala ansomi, nabanye) kanye nomonakalo wezinambuzane (ama-raspberry gall midges, imikhaza, izimpukane zezindebe, ama-raspberries, nabanye). Kuma-raspberries, kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa izindlela zamakhemikhali zokuzivikela emonakalisweni yizilokazane nezifo. Ukwelashwa kuphela ngemikhiqizo yemvelo evunyelwe.
Kuma-raspberries, okokuqala, basebenzisa izindlela zokuthintela:
- Indawo igcinwa ihlanzekile ukhula, imfucumfucu yesitshalo nokunye imfucumfucu, okungaba yisiphephelo sokuzalela nokubandisa izinambuzane ebusika.
- Ukufaka umquba, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngokwezidingo zobuchwepheshe bezolimo, ukuze umswakama obedlulele kanye nomanyolo kungazukubhebhethekisa izifo ngokutheleleka ngegciwane kanye namagciwane.
Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali raspberry
Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ama-raspberries aphathwa ngesisombululo esingu-3% we-Bordeaux fluid. Kusetshenziswa ngokwehlukana kwezinye izidakamizwa kanye nama-ejenti.
Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo
Lapho ama-buds evuleka, ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuhluma futhi ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, ama-raspberry angalashwa ezifweni:
- trichodermin,
- glyocladine
- phytosporin-M,
- i-bactofit,
- planrizom
- I-Alirin-B.
Izidakamizwa ezinconyelwe ukwehlula ama-raspberries nezinambuzane:
- i-verticillin
- bitoxibacillin,
- i-mycoafidine,
- aversectin-S,
- i-bicol
- pecilomycin.
I-Anthracnose kuma-raspberries.
Ukulungiswa kwe-bioinsecticidal kanye ne-biofungicidal kungasetjenziswa ukuxubana kwethangi ngokusho kwezincomo. Umphumela omkhulu unikezwa yi-dilution yemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ukwanda kokuhlushwa, kanye nokwehla, ngeke kunikeze umphumela olindelekile ngenkathi kucutshungulwa.
