UMarigolds

Izitshalo ezinjengeTagete ziyimidwebo eyenziwa minyaka yonke noma ama-perennials futhi zingabomndeni wakwa-Asteraceae. UMarigolds aqhamuka eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Izizwe zaseMelika zamaNdiya emikhosini yazo zazisebenzisa isikhathi eside, futhi lezi zitshalo zazisetshenziselwa ukwelapha. UMarigolds wabonakala eYurophu ngekhulu le-16, futhi baba nezimbali zokuqala ezalethwa eRussia ezivela emazweni aphesheya kwezilwandle. Igama lesitshalo esinjalo sanikezwa uK. Linney. Uyiqambe ngemuva kwe-Etruscan demigod Tages, umzukulu kaJupiter, owayenesandla esihle futhi enesipho somuntu owayebambe naye imali. AmaMarigolds adumile abizwa ngokuthi ama-chornobkumatsy. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40, ezikhulele ngenjabulo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zeplanethi enguMhlaba.

Izici zeMarigold

Amahlumela ahlanganisiwe noma aqondile akha isihlahla esingamasentimitha angama-20-130 ukuphakama. Uhlelo lwempande lwe-fibrous, kukhona amapuleti anqabile ngokweqile noma ahlukaniswe yizingcwecwe, ahlukile noma ahlukile. Umbala wamapuleti amaqabunga usuka ebumnyameni uye eluhlaza okotshani. Obhasikidi bezimbali bangapendwa ngemibala ehlukahlukene onsundu, ophuzi norenji. Izimbali ezinciphile zingama-ling-lingual, kanti eziphakathi zi-bisexual, tubular; kune-5 stamens. Ama-pestles ane-stigmas, kanti i-ovary ingezansi. Izimbali ziningi, ziqala ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaJuni, futhi ziphela ngokuqala kwamaqalo okuqala. Izithelo yi-achene eqondile. Lezi zitshalo ziyakwazi ukunika ukuzilawula okuningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhluma kwembewu uyakwazi ukuqhubeka iminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine. Izitshalo zikhipha iphunga elinamandla lesipayisi, futhi amapuleti eqabunga anuka kakhulu kunezimbali.

Izakhiwo ZikaMarigold

Sekuyisikhathi eside iMarigold isetshenziselwa ukwelapha. Bafundwe ngokucophelela ososayensi, futhi baqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zimbali zinempahla yokwelapha ngempela. Kulokhu, ama-marigolds awagcini ngokuhlobisa ingadi yakho, kodwa futhi nokwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-lutein equkethwe kuzo izosiza ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwamabala. Lesi sitshalo futhi sikwazi ukusiza nge ukuvuvukala pancreas, kanye nesifo sikashukela. Ukufakwa okwenziwe kusuka kuma-marigolds omisiwe kusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-bronchitis, umkhuhlane, i-stomatitis, i-asthma, futhi kuhlanza negazi. Ukwenza ukumiliselwa, udinga ukuxuba 1 isipuni esikhulu sezimbali eziqunjiwe 1 litre lamanzi abilisiwe. Ngemuva kwamahora ama-3, ukumnika kufanele kuhlungiwe. Phuza i-200 g imizuzu engama-30 ngaphambi kokudla amasonto amane.

Uma kwenzeka i-neurosis kanye nokudangala, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthatha indawo yokugeza, lapho i-decoction of marigolds igeleza khona, ngoba kusiza ukudambisa ukucindezelwa, kuvumele uhlelo lwezinzwa, futhi kuqede ukukhathazeka. Futhi isikhathi eside, abantu abahlala eNingizimu Melika basebenzisa lezi zitshalo njengokudla, kanye nesithako, futhi nokwenza imishini yasolwandle, usoso kanye namakhehla ahlukahlukene. Ezimakethe zaseCaucasus, ungathenga i-marigold powder, ebizwa ngokuthi "Imereti saffron", ayoliswe ngama-satsivi, pilaf kanye nesobho. EFrance, lezi zimbali zikhule ngezinga lezimboni, ngoba zifuneka kakhulu phakathi kwama-gourmets. Uma ufaka amaqabunga esitshalo esinjalo ku-marinade, khona-ke imifino izonuka kahle kakhulu, futhi izogcina ukuqina kwawo isikhathi eside.

Ungenza futhi amakhukhi amnandi ngama-marigolds. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlukanisa amaprotheni ama-4 uwashaye kahle ukuze wakhe i-foam. Hlanganisa amagremu ayi-100 kashukela okhonjiwe nezinkezo ezimbili ezinkulu zezimbali ezintsha zesitshalo esinjalo bese ugaya yonke into kahle. Izipuni ezi-4 ezinkulu zebhotela lenkomo kufanele zigxishwe ngokuqhubekayo ngokuhlanganiswa nezikhupha ezisele, noshukela oxutshwe nama-marigolds, kanye no-100 amagremu kafulawa kakolweni. Emva kwalokho, ngaphezulu kwesisindo esiphumela, udinga ukubeka ngokucophelela amaphrotheni bese uxuba konke ngokucophelela kancane. Gcoba epanini ngamafutha bese ubeka inhlama kulo. Ikhekhe idinga ukubhakwa kuze kuphekwe ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho ingaphezulu layo lithola umbala wegolide. Lapho ikhekhe eliphumela liqala ukubanda, kufanele lihlukaniswe izigcawu ngommese.

Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo ezinezithombe namagama

Abalimi bahlakulela inhlobo enkulu yezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-marigolds, kepha izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezi-3 kuphela zithandwa kakhulu, okuyilezi: ezinqatshiwe (ezikhula kancane), ziqondile (zivame ukuphakama) futhi zine-leaved (ezingatholakali maphakathi nethambeka). Izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokuhluka kwazo. Ngakho-ke, izimbali zazo zingaba zinkulu noma zincane, zibe mnyama noma zibambe kabili, bese zipendwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene ye-orange, nsundu nephuzi.

Ama-Tagetes erecta, noma ama-Afrika

Kulolu hlobo lobuciko, bukhulu, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kwabo kungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-0,3-1. Imvamisa, ama-terry inflorescence apendiwe emthunzini wombala owodwa, kanti ububanzi bawo abudluli amasentimitha ayi-15.

Izinhlobo ezidumile:

1. UVanilla - ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike ku-0,7 m, ububanzi be-inflorescence emhlophe kakhilimu omhlophe ifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-12.
2. Kilimanjaro - Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kube ngu-0.6-0.7 m, ama-inflorescence ama-bushy anesimo esiyindilinga.
3. I-Antigua - Izinhlobonhlobo ezingaphansi, ukuphakama kwesihlahla akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Amakati aqondile, kanti kuzo kukhona izimbali ezinkulu (ubukhulu ezingamasentimitha ayi-15), zipendwe ngophuzi-ulamula, ophuzi ojulile, wegolide noma owolintshi.

IMarigolds iyamangala, noma iyaliwa, noma iFrench (Tagetes patula)

Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kuvame ukuba phansi kuno-0.6 m. Emabhishi acwebile kunenombolo enkulu yokungaphindaphindeki kabili, kanye nama-inflorescences aphindwe kabili, ububanzi bawo ovame ukungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-8. Lolu hlobo lubizwa nangokuthi lusakazeka. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yilezo ezinochungechunge lweBonanza, ukuphakama kwawo kungadluli amasentimitha angama-30, ngokwesibonelo, uBonanza Bolero, uBonanza Orange, uBonanza Flame nabanye. Izihlahla zazo ezinamatshe amancane ama-terry amancane (ubukhulu cishe amasentimitha angama-5-6) adwetshwe ngemibala egcwele. Babukeka behlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Futhi, ama-marigolds eCarmen ahlobisa kakhulu. Ama-Terry inflorescence ahlanganiswe nezinsimbi ezifuywayo. Ama-petals engxenyeni ephakathi anombala ophuzi-owolintshi, futhi obomvu ngokunsundu atholakala emaphethelweni.

UMarigold mncane, noma uMexico

Ngaphandle, zihluke kakhulu kwezinye izidalwa. Ngakho-ke, zinamapuleti eqabunga le-openwork-elimnandi lamaqabunga abukeka ekhuphuka emoyeni. Futhi banenamba enkulu yama-inflorescence amancane, okudala umphumela weziqhumane zomlilo ezikhazimulayo. Zingapendwe ngombala ophuzi-wegolide, osawolintshi obomvu kanye no-orange-golden hue. Atshalwe kusukela ngo-1795. Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-70 zalolu hlobo. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla akudluli amasentimitha angama-40. Uhlelo lwezimpande abanalo lunamandla amakhulu, futhi kukhona nezimpande ezifakiwe ezansi kwamahlumela. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yi-Ursula (i-orange-yegolide), i-Golden Jam, i-Gnome, i-Lulu (ephuzi-yegolide), i-Paprika (i-orange-red).

Khula i-marigold kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Ngisho ne-novice ingaphatha ukutshala ama-marigolds kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Emhlabathini ovulekile, ungahlwanyela imbewu yomibili bese utshala isihlahla esivele sinezimbali. Ukutshala izithombo noma ukutshala imbewu kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi isifudumeze kahle. Udinga ukwenza umsele nge-chopper, ozoba nokujula kwamasentimitha amahlanu. Kufanele iniselwe, bese ufaka imbewu kuyo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-groove kumele imbozwe ngenhlabathi. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga kuzovela izithombo zokuqala. Uma izithombo zikhulu kakhulu, lapho-ke zidinga ukutshalwa.

Ikhula ngezithombo

Imbewu kaMarigold kuzofanele ithengwe kuphela ekuhlwanyelweni kokuqala. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zikhula ziqhakaza, ungaqoqa inqwaba yembewu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, linda kuze kube yilapho ama-inflorescence omile kahle, futhi ngosuku olunethayo, ukhiphe imbewu kuwo. Kufanele zome futhi zigcinwe kuze kube sentwasahlobo elandelayo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kunenqwaba yama-nzalo athengisiwe, futhi imbewu eqoqwe kulezi zihlahla angeke igcine impahla yokuhlukahluka, lapho kugcina khona izimfanelo zanoma yisiphi esinye sezitshalo zomzali. Abalimi abanolwazi oluningi bathanda ukutshala imbewu esevele ihlumile. Mboza ngezansi kwesoso ngendwangu emanzi, ubeke imbewu ngaphezulu kwayo. Ngemuva kwalokho isoso kufanele lifakwe esikhwameni se-polyethylene bese ibekwa endaweni efudumele. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, imbewu izodonsa.

Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo

Lapho ukhetha usuku lokuhlwanyela, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngokushesha lapho uhlwanyela imbewu, ngokushesha uzobona izimbali. Lapho kukhula izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izitshalo ezinamashiya amancane nezinamaqabunga anconyiwe kufanele zihlwanyelwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, futhi ziqonde - maphakathi noMashi. Kulokhu, wonke la makhasi azoqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye - ngoJuni. Ukukhulisa izithombo kulula impela, kodwa noma kunjalo kukhona ama-nuances amaningana. Lungiselela ukuxuba, ngoba lokhu kuhlanganisa i-peat, isihlabathi, i-humus nesod (2: 1: 2: 2). Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ichithwe igciwane nesisombululo se-ejenti ye-fungicidal noma i-potanganum permanganate (umbala onsundu omnyama). Yenza isendlalelo sedamoji lamasentimitha amathathu, ubumba noma udaka olwandisiwe ezansi kwethangi. Gcoba i-substrate ngamanyolo we-organic (ungasebenzisi umquba omusha). Yenza imifino, ngenkathi ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-15-20 mm. Faka imbewu kuzo bese umboza ama-grooves ngesendlalelo esincanyana se-substrate. Ukunisela kumele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ngoba imbewu ingahlanzwa kalula. Beka isitsha ekushiseni (kusuka kumadigri angama-22 kuye kwangama-25) bese umswakama inhlabathi ngendlela efaneleyo, ukuvikele ukuthi ungashisi. Amahlumela okuqala kufanele avele ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7, emva kwalokho isitsha kufanele sakhiwe kabusha endaweni enokhanyayo lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingama-15-18 degrees.

Isikhathi sokutshala izithombo

Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa kuphela lapho kungekho songo seqhwa. Khumbula ukuthi ama-marigolds asaba isithwathwa. Kufanele futhi ukukhunjulwe ukuthi ama-marigolds atshaliwe kufanele abe namapheshana ayi-3 eqiniso, kanye nohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Njengomthetho, ukufika kenziwa ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, owokuqala - ngoJuni. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo enenhlabathi egcwele izakhamzimba, i-loamy, engathathi hlangothi, enwetshiwe kahle kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo. Esimweni lapho inhlabathi ingavundile, khona-ke izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kuzodingeka zondliwe izikhathi ezi-2 noma ezi-3.

Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ngqo lihluka ngezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo. Uma izitshalo zikhexile, khona-ke phakathi kwezihlahla nezintambo kubalulekile ukubheka ibanga lamasentimitha angama-20, kwabamaphakathi aphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30, nakalawo amade - amasentimitha angama-40. Ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo, kudinga ukuniselwa kaningi ngokwanele futhi kahle. Phezu kokuthi ama-marigolds ayamelana nesomiso, uma aniselwa kancane futhi kancane, lapho ehlathini azoncipha amandla, kanti nezimbali ziba zincane.

Ukunakekelwa kweMarigold

Lezi zitshalo zithanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezinelanga, futhi kukule ndawo ukuthi ukuqhakaza kwazo kube kuningi kakhulu futhi kuyamangaza. Ungakhula futhi ube nembali enjalo emthunzini nasethunzini elithile. Ngenkathi imbali ikhula ngenkuthalo, kufanele iniselwe njalo futhi ngobuningi, kepha ngemuva kokuqala ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence, ukuthambisa kumele kwehliswe, ngoba uma kungenjalo, izimpande zingabola ngenxa yokuqina komswakama enhlabathini, futhi lokhu kuholela lapho ukungabikho kwezimbali. AmaMarigolds adinga ukondliwa ngendlela oyifunayo, ngenkathi akhumbula ukuthi aphendula kahle ekugqokeni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa lapho isitshalo sikhula ngamasentimitha ayishumi ukuphakama, okwesibili - ekuqaleni kokuhluma, okwesithathu - lapho isitshalo siqhakaza.

Imibala enjalo idinga ukhula oluhlala njalo, kanye nokukhululwa komhlaba. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ehlobo izihlahla zikhula, kuzokwazi ukukhiqiza ukuthena okwakhayo. Uma ususa ngesikhathi, ama-inflorescence aseqalile ukuqothuka, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuzonyuka. Ukuhogela okunamandla okuvela kulesi simila, kanye nama-phytoncides akwenzileyo, kuvikela ama-marigolds, kanye nezimbali ezikhula endaweni, ezifweni zokukhunta. Abalimi bavame kakhulu ukutshala ama-marigold eceleni kwaso sonke isakhiwo. Uma kuphuma ihlobo emvula ihlobo, khona-ke ama-marigolds angalimaza ama-slgs noma iminenke. Ukuze uxoshe izinambuzane ezinjalo, kunconywa ukubeka izimbiza ezigcwele nge-bleach phakathi kwezihlahla. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukubola okungwevu kungakheka kumahlamvu kanye amahlumela. Lawo mabhasi athelelekile kufanele abiwe futhi ashiswe, ngoba angathela ezinye izitshalo. Uma ehlobo kuba nesomiso isikhathi eside, khona-ke imbuzane yesicabucabu ivame ukuhlalela kuma-marigolds. Ukuze ususe, kunconywa ukusebenzisa i-tincture ye-yarrow, u-anyanisi noma upelepele obomvu oshisayo. Ngezinjongo zokuvimbela, ngezikhathi ezomile, ama-bush kufanele ahlanganiswe nesifutho izikhathi eziningana ngosuku.

Marigolds ngemuva zom

Ukuhlobisa ama-marigolds kuvame kakhulu ukuba minyaka yonke. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, kufanele zikhishwe. Ukuze ujabulele ubuhle bama-marigolds ngonyaka olandelayo, kubalulekile ukuqoqa imbewu evuthiwe ngesikhathi.

Ama-inflorescence awomile angasetshenziswa kokubili epulazini nangezokwelapha. Isibonelo, uma usebenza ekhompyutheni isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuthi isikhathi ngasinye ngaphambi kokudla, udle amakhanda amancane amabili noma amathathu embali enjalo, futhi angangezelelwa kusaladi.

Uma kukhona ama-pinworms noma ama-roundworms, kuyadingeka ukuthi udle amakhanda ambalwa ama-marigolds izinsuku eziyi-7 kusihlwa (ezinganeni - izingcezu ezi-2 noma ezi-3, abadala ngezingcezu ezi-5).

Ukususa ama-midges endiza eduze komgodi womquba, udinga ukuthulula ibhakede eligcwele lama-marigold omisiwe kuwo.

Uma ubeka isidlo se-marigolds ewindini eliseduze komnyango wangaphambili, izivakashi ezinenhloso embi zizodlula.

Izindlela zokupheka eziwusizo

1. I-lip balmukuze ithambe. Gaya amakhanda wesitshalo esinjalo bese uthatha nezinkezo ezinkulu ezi-2 zento eluhlaza ebunjiwe. Hlanganisa nabo nge-1 isipuni esikhulu samafutha e-apricot kanye nengilazi yesithathu yamafutha omnqumo. Susa le ngxube endaweni enomthunzi izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, kufanele kuhlungiwe, ngenkathi ungakhohlwa ukucwilisa ama-marigolds kahle. Umkhiqizo ophumelelayo kufanele ufakwe esikhunjeni sezindebe uma kunesidingo.
2. Ukuqina kobuso. Thatha izimbotshana ezinkulu zamakhanda ezitshalo asikiwe bese uzixuba ne-200 g yamanzi abilisiwe asanda kubiliswa. Bayeke ubusuku. Ngemuva kwalokho ukumnika kufanele kuhlungiwe, kufakwe ama-marigolds. Thela i-1 spoonful encane yejusi kalamula no-1 isipuni esikhulu sevodka ekuhlanganiseni okuvelayo. Ukuze kugcinwe, umkhiqizo kufanele ubekwe eshalofini lesiqandisi. Sula isikhumba sakho amahlandla ama-3 ngosuku.
3. Ikhambi lokujuluka, ngokucasuka noma ukuvuvukala kwe-epidermis yobuso. Thatha izinkomishi ezimbalwa ezinkulu ze-marigold inflorescence eziphukile bese uzixuba ne-300 g yamanzi ashisayo. Vumela le ngxube ibilise, imboze futhi igcizelele cishe amahora angama-3-4. Cindezela umhluzi, ngenkathi incipha izimbali. Faka izipuni ezimbalwa ezinkulu zamanzi nejusi elitshelwe eqandeni elikhulu le-aloe. Ukuze kugcinwe, umkhiqizo kufanele ubekwe eshalofini lesiqandisi. Izindawo ezithintekile badinga ukuphatha izikhathi ezi-2 ngosuku.