Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isimo sezulu sasehlobo ezifundeni eziningi asilindelekile, okunomthelela omubi ekuthuthukisweni nasekuvuneni kwezingadi nezilimo eziyizigaxa nezilimo ezingadini. Ukuze uvikele umnotho wakho, izindlela zokuvikela kumele ziqale kusukela ekwindla konyaka owedlule, bese zehla, okokuqala, kwizinyathelo ze-agrotechnical. Ingadi kanye namabhulashi atshalwe izinhlobo zezitshalo, okuhlanza ngokushesha ukhula nokunye imfucumfucu, kuthathwe ngokushesha futhi kudliwe, kuzomelana nokuqala kwezifo ngoshintsho olubi ezimweni zezulu (izimvula ezenzeka isikhathi eside, isithwathwa esibandayo, ukutheleleka nge-epiphytotic, njll.).
Ukwelashwa kwengadi yasehlobo kwezifo. © Naturalhealth365NgoJuni kuhlotshaniswa nokukhula kwamaqanda, ukwakheka kwezitshalo kanye nokuqala kokukhula kwamajikijolo okuqala nezithelo zezithelo. Ngakho-ke, isimo sezulu esinamafu nesinezimvula ngalesi sikhathi sikhulisa ubungozi bokulimazeka kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. NgoJuni-Julayi, izifo ezingatheleleki futhi ezithathelanayo zithola ukukhula ngokushesha.
Okungathathelwana ngezifo yizifo ezingadlulisi kwezinye izitshalo namasiko. Lapho ususa umthombo wesifo, izitshalo ziyalulama ngaphandle kokulimala kwezinye izilimo. Izimbangela ezinkulu zezifo ezingathathathelene nokugula kungukuntuleka kwezakhi ezibalulekile, izakhi zokulandela umkhondo, uhlobo lokunisela kanye nezinye.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo (ezithathelwanayo) zihlukaniswa amandla okushintshela kwezinye izitshalo, kwesinye isikhathi ngokushintshwa kwabanikazi, ziphindaphindwe ngokushesha, zilimaze izilimo eziningana, zibhubhise nezitshalo ngokwazo nesitshalo esenziwe yizo esikhathini esifushane.
Isifo segciwane kumaqabunga raspberry. © Michelle GrabowskiIzimpawu ezejwayelekile zezifo zokukhunta
Izifo zesikhunta zibangelwa ngamaqembu ahlukahlukene wesikhunta esingalungile angena ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zezitshalo abeke imisebenzi yawo yemvelo ezinqubweni zomzimba, ezibangela ukufa kwawo. Ama-fungal spores asakazeka, akhula kanye ne-mycelium ngokusebenzisa izitho zangaphakathi zezitshalo. Ngaphandle, lesi sifo sizibonakalisa ngesimo sokufiphaza amaqabunga, ukubonakala kwamakhompiyutha ebusweni bamaqabunga kanye namahlumela amasha, amabala ngamanye imibala ehlukene, ahlangana ndawonye kancane kancane. Amahlamvu aphenduka aphuzi, ajike abe nsundu, awe. Isifo esithuthuke kakhulu sifinyelela kuJuni-Julayi. Kuthinta zonke izitho zesitshalo, kubandakanya nezithelo. Ehlobo, lisakazeka ngama-conidiospores ngesikhathi sezulu esina nemvula.
Anthracnose kumagilebhisi. © omafra 
I-Powdery Mildew, noma Gooseberry Powdery Mildew (Sferotek). © UDorling Kindersley 
I-Cercosporosis, noma ibala elinsundu kumaqabunga esaladi eMisuna. © Scot NelsonIzifo zama fungal ze berry zifaka iqiniso futhi amanga i-powdery isikhutha, umtapo wolwazi (i-powdery isikhutha) Septhemba (ibala elimhlophe) i-anthracnose, isifo sofuba (ukubona amabala ansundu) nezinye izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane.
Iningi lezitshalo ze-berry ezine-anthracnose, i-cercosporosis, i-septeriosis, i-Powdery kanye nezinye izifo ze-hlobo kanye nezinye izifo zesikhunta zithinta ama-currants abomvu, ama-gooseberries, ama-raspberries, amajikijolo. Isici esihlukile sezifo zokukhunta ekwakhiweni kokuqala ukulimala kwamaqabunga ngesimo sokuluhlaza okotshani, bese kuthi kamuva - kube nsundu nezinye izindawo. Kancane kancane, lesi sifo sidlulela kuma-petioles nasezihlahleni. Amaqabunga ahlala kuphela emaphethelweni amahlumela. Amahlumela aluhlaza ambozwe izilonda ezinsundu.
Izilimo zezithelo (izihlahla zama-apula, amapheya, amapetshisi, ama-cherries nabanye) ziyathinteka isibazi, phylosticosis, coccomycosis, moniliosis (ukubola kwezithelo) ukubonwa kwamaqabunga, i-powdery isikhutha, ukugqwala, umdlavuza ojwayelekile nezinye izifo fungal.
Ukuvezwa kwangaphandle kwalesi sifo kuqala ngama-buds, amaqabunga, ukuqhubeka amahlumela amasha, izithelo. Izitho ezigulayo zishintsha umbala wamaqabunga, zimbozwe yi-fluff ohlangothini olungaphansi bese uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga amaqabunga, kuvela amabala, okokuqala ngesimo sezindawo ezincanyana zemibala ehlukene nemingcele, kamuva zihlangana endaweni eyodwa. Amahlamvu ayawa. Izithelo ziyagcotshwa noma zibole.
Zonke lezi zinguquko ezitshalwe amabhele nezithelo zibonisa isifo sokukhunta noma isibhakela kanye nesidingo sokwelashwa kwezitshalo.
I-Coccomycosis cherries. © michaelld2003 
I-Phyllosticosis, noma ukubonwa kwamaqabunga. © uky 
Isifo esidlekayo sesifo somthakathi nge-honeysuckle. © Jocelyn H. ChilversIzinyathelo Zokulawula Izifo Zokukhubazeka
Amakhemikhali
Amalungiselelo aqukethe i-Copper yesenzo sokuxhumana, angasetshenziswa ekwelapheni izinsuku ezingama-25-30 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, asebenze ngempumelelo ezifweni zokukhunta. Faka amalungiselelo engxube yethangi ngokusho izincomo bese uzifafaza ngezigaba ezikhonjisiwe kwiphakheji noma kumadokhumenti ahambisana nalokhu: Abiga-Peak, Profilactin, uketshezi lweBordeaux, iTopazi, i-Oksikhom, Inzuzo.
Muva nje, izidakamizwa ziye zabonakala emakethe yamalungiselelo wamakhemikhali ekwelashweni kwezifo zokukhunta, okuthi, ngaphezu komphumela ovikela, owakha i-spore - u-Ordan, Profit-Gold, Acrobat MC, Skor, Previkur nabanye.
Amakhemikhali adinga ukuqashelwa ekusebenziseni, ngoba anomthelela omubi empilweni yabantu, izilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Lapho uzisebenzisa, isikhathi eside sokulinda kufanele sibhekelwe, ngakho-ke, izidakamizwa zingasetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokuqala (ama-raspberries, ama-currant, ama-gooseberries, ama-irgi, ama-cherries okuqala nabanye) entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza.
Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo
Kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zemvelo ezifweni zezifo ezahlukahlukene ekhonji noma endaweni ehlanganayo. Zenziwe ngesisekelo esiphilayo, hhayi eziphikisiwe zomzimba womuntu. Isikhathi sokulinda asidluli izinsuku ezingama-3-5, futhi amanye amalungiselelo angasetjenziswa ngitjho ngesikhathi sokuvuna ngokuvuthwa kwawo kancane kancane.
Ngokwemvelo, imikhiqizo evikela izitshalo ekulweni nezifo inesikhathi esifushane sokuchayeka ekuthelelekeni futhi idinga ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa amandla okugcina impilo futhi ithole imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo ikhokha ngokugcwele isikhathi esichithwa ekwelashweni kwezitshalo eziningi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iningi lemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo (i-biofungicides ne-bioinsecticides) lixutshwe ukuxutshwa kwamathangi, okunciphisa inani lokwelashwa.
Scab kumaqabunga nezithelo zeparele. © JulayiEmikhiqizweni yemvelo, ama-fungicides ama-fungal kanye nama-bacterium azibonakalise kahle. Ezifundeni ezinamahlobo apholile futhi amanzi, i-biofungicide "Fitodoctor" iyasebenza ekuvikeleni izilimo zezithelo emdlavuza webacteria, uqwebu, coccomycosis, ukubola kwezimpande. I-bacterial biofungicides Bactofit, Phytocide, Planrin, Pseudobacterin kanye ne-biopreparation Haupsin esezingeni elifanele, evikela ngokufanele izihlahla zezithelo, amajikijolo, izivini, amasimu, amakhabe nezihlahla zezithelo ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. IHaupsin ayibhubhisi lesi sifo kuphela, iphinde ibe nempahla ekhuthaza ukukhula.
Izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane
Izifo ezingamagciwane minyaka yonke zandisa umthelela wazo ongemuhle ku-berry nezitshalo zasendle: izinwele ezisontekile futhi i-mosaic yamahlamvu, ukuphuma, Izifo ze-mycoplasmal (imishanelo yabathakathi) nabanye cishe abanakukhubazeka ekubhujisweni ngamakhemikhali. Ukuvikelwa ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane kwehla ekubhujisweni ngokomzimba kwezitshalo ezinezifo.
Iqabunga elijikayo. © Robyn MelloEmkhiqizweni wemvelo, umkhiqizo we-Pentafag-S wathengiswa. Inama-virus wamagciwane angamagciwane futhi ayibhubhisi izifo ezibangelwa ukhukhamba kanye namagciwane kuphela, kepha futhi nayo yigciwane. Lesi sidakamizwa, njengeminye imikhiqizo yemvelo, siphephile kubantu, izinyosi nezilwane ezinegazi elifudumele. Le mithi engenhla isivele ihlolwe futhi izibonakalise ekulweni nezifo zezilimo namajikijolo amasiko.
Minyaka yonke, izindlela ezintsha zokuvikela izitshalo nezithelo zomila ngokulimala kwezifo kuvela emakethe yemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Ungajwayelana nabo ezinhlwini zaminyaka yonke zamalungiselelo agunyaziwe wokuvikela izitshalo ezifweni.
