Izifo ezihambisana nomsebenzi we-pathogenic wamagciwane kanye ne-protozoa zivame kakhulu ezinkukhu. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezindlini zezinkukhu yi-coccidiosis kuma-broilers, izimpawu nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo kumele kwaziwe kubo bonke abalimi bezinkukhu. I-ejenti ye-causative ye-coccidiosis luhlobo lwezinto ezilula ze-Eimeria ezingena emzimbeni wenyoni ngamanzi angcolile noma ukudla.
Ukuqala i-coccidiosis kuma-broilers, inani elincane kakhulu lama-pathogen asebenzayo lanele. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo eziningana zamagciwane zingagxila ngasikhathi sinye emathunjini enyoni.
Bonke abasezinhlelweni zokuphila babhubhisa ulwelwesi lwe-epithelial lwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, okuholela ku:
- ekulahlekelweni kwegazi;
- i-necrosis yezindawo zezicubu;
- ukudakwa;
- engcupheni yokwanda kwezifo zesibili.
Lesi sifo sidala umonakalo omkhulu emfuyweni. Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla kwenkukhu, izinkukhu zihlupheka ngokungondleki. Uma izimpawu zalesi sifo zinganakwa, ama-broilers angafa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Izimpawu ze-coccidiosis ku-broilers
Isici esiyingozi salesi sifo ezinyangeni ukuthi ekuqaleni, ngazi zonke izimpawu ze-coccidiosis, cishe akunakwenzeka ukusibona. Lesi sifo siqhubeka ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezibonakalayo:
- Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka izinkukhu ngokucophelela, kuvela ukuthi zinciphisile isifiso sokudla, i-plumage ibukeka kabi.
- Esigabeni esilandelayo, umfuyi wezinkukhu uthola ushintsho kuhlobo lwenkunkuma. Iba uketshezi ngokuhlanganiswa kwegazi kanye nephunga elingathandeki legwebu.
- Ukuhamba kwenyoni kudumbile, ukomela okungajwayelekile kuyabonakala.
- Ama-broilers amasha ayayeka ukukhula, isisindo sawo asikhuphuki.
Ngemuva kokuhlonza izimpawu zokugula kwalesi sifo, njengasesithombeni, ama-broilers aphathwa ngokushesha. Umfuyi wezinkukhu unezinsuku ezine ukuthatha izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkukhu ezincane zingafa ngolwesihlanu.
Ezimweni lapho kusenzeka khona okubi, kuvulwa izinkukhu ezifile. Ukusungula ukutholwa kwe-coccidiosis kuma-broilers kukuvumela ukuthi:
- ukubukeka okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka isidumbu;
- amathumbu avuvukala, ovame ukugcwala ukunyakaza kwamathumbu e-fetid;
- amachashazi abomvu ezindaweni zokulahla agcinwe ngaphakathi kwesidumbu;
- kukhuliswe isibindi ngamabala angajwayelekile phezu kobuso bonke.
Ukwelashwa kwe-coccidiosis ku-broilers
Ezimpawu zokuqala zesifo se-broiler, izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ezisetshenziselwa ukulwa namagciwane we coccidiosis asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkukhu.
Namuhla, abalimi bezinkukhu banenqwaba yemikhiqizo okuthi, lapho ingezwa kokuphakelayo, imise ngokushesha ukukhula kwe-coccidia. Lapho kunqunywa ukwelashwa, banamathela eqinisweni lokuthi umuthi okhethe ukwelashwa, ukuvimbela kanye nokuvimbela ukufa kwe-broiler:
- akufanele ziqongelele emzimbeni wezinyoni;
- ayinakuba yingozi ezinhlanzini nakubantu;
- akuchaphazeli kabi ukukhula nokukhula kwezilwane ezincane;
- hhayi umlutha wezinyoni;
- inganikezwa ngokudla, kepha ayiguquki ukunambitheka kwayo futhi ayilahli umphumela wayo.
Kwi-coccidiosis, ama-broilers anqunyelwe i-cocciprodin, ebhubhisa ukwakheka kwe-pathogen futhi imise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-coccidia. Lesi sidakamizwa sifakwa emanzini ngokusho komthamo oboniswe kwisichasiselo. Izinyoni zinikezwa isiphuzo sezokwelapha izinsuku ezimbili, futhi ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu, ama-broilers abuye athengiswe ngamanzi nge-coccyprodine.
Ukufa kwamagciwane kuholela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Avatek 15% SS izinyoni. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali akungenwa emathunjini futhi kukhishwa emzimbeni, kusebenza kuphela nge-protozoa enonya. Ngakho-ke, i-Avatek inika cishe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kuze kube sezinyanga ezi-4 zeminyaka. Lapho kuqinisekiswa izimpawu ze-coccidiosis ekwelapheni ama-broilers, umuthi uhlanganiswa nokudla ngesilinganiso sama-gramu ayi-5 nge-10 kg yengxube ye-feed.
Enye yezindlela ezidumile zokulwa ne-coccidiosis nokuvimbela kwayo yiBaykoks. Leli khambi linikezwa nangamanzi okuphuza, engeza i-1 ml ilitha loketshezi, bese kuthi ama-broilers agulayo adayiswe izinsuku ezimbili. Inkambo iyaphindwa ezimweni ezinzima zesifo.
Izidakamizwa ezifana neKoktsidiovit neMadikok, ezisebenzayo ekulweni ne-coccidiosis ku-broilers, zengezwa kokuphakelayo. I-Amprolium ingama-30% eguquguqukayo futhi ingeniswa emanzini kanye nasekudleni kwenkukhu.
Kwezinye izimo, izidakamizwa ezisebenza ngokubanzi zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha lesi sifo esinamandla. Isibonelo yi-metronidazole engezwe kokuphakelayo, umthamo wayo wezinkukhu ezingama-broiler kufanele unqunywe udokotela wezilwane, ngoba ikakhulukazi esemncane, ukusetshenziswa ngomuthi okungenangqondo kungalimaza inyoni. I-Trichopolum inomphumela ofanayo, owandile, okulula ukusingenisa ekuphuzeni.
Ngeshwa, ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwezidakamizwa, i-coccidia iba nomzimba ongasebenzi ezintweni ezisebenzayo. Ukunqoba le nkinga, imishanguzo iyindlela ekhethekile.
Ukuvimbela i-coccidiosis ezinkukhu ze-broiler
Ukuze ungahlangabezani nezimpawu ze-coccidiosis kuma-broilers kanye nokwelashwa kwabo isifo esiyingozi, kwesinye isikhathi esibulalayo, kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuvikela.
Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubulala amagciwane namazinga okushisa aphansi awakwazi ukubulala ama-activation wesifo, ngakho-ke lapho kucutshungulwa ama-inkukhu coops, yonke imishini, izindonga, izingqimba namaseli kushiswa nge-blowtorch.
Abafuyi bezinkukhu abaqaphela ngokucophelela kudingeka babe esimweni sezulu esifudumele semvula, abanomthelela ekukhiqizweni ngokushesha nokwanda kwamagciwane we coccidiosis. Ngomswakama ophezulu, kuyasiza ukuguqula udoti kaningi bese uqala ukusetshenziswa kweziqalo kwemithi.
Iqhaza elibalulekile ekulweni nokutheleleka kudlalwa yisimo sokungavikeleki kwenyoni. Ukuze amaphuphu akhule ngokuqinile futhi ngokushesha, anikezwa amavithamini ama-broilers, futhi anakekela nokudla okunempilo, ikhwalithi yokudla namanzi.
