Isitshalo se-herbaceous Pennisetum (Pennisetum), obizwa nangokuthi yi-cirrus bristle, uyilungu lomndeni wakwaCereal. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-130-150. Emvelweni, isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala ikakhulukazi e-Afrika naseNingizimu Melika ezindaweni ezinomusa. Igama lalesi hlobo lakhiwa kusuka embhalweni wamagama esiLatin ambalwa, elihunyushwa lisho ukuthi “izimpaphe” kanye no- “bristle”, ohambisana nokuvela kwama inflorescences. Ezindweni eziphakathi nendawo, isiko elinjalo likhula ngokuvamisile, ngoba alinakho ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme. Kepha lesi sitshalo se-herbaceous sinokubukeka okuhle, ngakho abalimi nabaqambi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baphendukela ukunaka kuso.
Izici Zepenisetum
Isitshalo se-Pennisetum herbaceous sithambekele ekwakhekeni i-turf eyindilinga, ukuphakama kwayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.15 kuya ku-1,3 metres. Ubude bamapuleti emapheshana aqondile aqoqwe ezansi angamasentimitha angama-50, futhi ububanzi bawo bufika ku-0.5 amasentimitha. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zinombala ocebile oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ekwindla zijika ziphuzi. Iziqu azinalutho futhi ziqondile, ingaphezulu lazo liwugqinsi, futhi amabhlogo alimboze ngezansi. Ama-inflorescence aminyene owakheke ezigxotsheni angaba ngamaphaneli ama-spic panicles acishe abe munye, apendwe ngombala obomvu, opinki, omhlophe noma oluhlaza okotshani. Ubude be-inflorescences bungaba amasentimitha ama-3 ukuya ku-35. Ama-inflorescence anjalo abukeka emangalisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lama-bristles ama-fluffy. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zezimbali, okuyi-stamens lisexual and underdeveloped. Isitshalo esinjalo sifana ukude nomthombo, ngenxa yokuthi sibizwa nangokuthi "utshani bomthombo."
Ukutshala kwe-Pennisetum enhlabathini evulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokuzala ye-pennisetum ekuphakameni okuphakathi kwembewu. Khulisa isitshalo ngezithombo. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-pennisetum yaminyaka yonke kwenziwa maphakathi no-Ephreli, ngoba lokhu kusebenza kwamabhodwe noma amakhabethe agcwele i-substrate. Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi. Imibhalo, uma ifunwa, ingahlwanyelwa ngokushesha enhlabathini evulekile ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
I-pennisal pennisetum nayo ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu. Ukuze izihlahla ezincane eziqhakaza esikhathini samanje, zidinga ukuhlwanyelwa izithombo kusuka maphakathi no-February kuphela, kusetshenziswa amabhodwe we-peat kulokhu, ngoba okusanhlamvu okunjalo kusabela kabi ekuvezweni kohlelo lwezimpande lapho kusenzeka ukufakelwa kwesinye isikhathi. Izithombo esezikhulile zitshalelwe emhlabathini ngqo kulezi zinkomishi ze-peat.
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Imbewu isatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enwetshiwe, bese icindezelwa emgodini ongaphansi kwamamilimitha ambalwa. Izilimo ziniselwa ngesibhamu sokufafaza, bese zidluliselwa endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle futhi efudumele. Izithombo zokuqala zizovela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7. Kufanele bahlinzeke ngokukhanyiselwa okwenziwe ngobuciko, ngoba ngoFebhuwari usuku lusemfushane impela, futhi izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Ukutshala izithombo ezivuthiwe enhlabathini evulekile kwenziwa ngezinsuku zokugcina zikaMeyi, ngemuva kokuphakama kwezihlahla kuzolingana namasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Ngokutshala, kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle futhi evulekile. Umhlabathi ofanele kufanele ube nokudla okunempilo, ugcwele i-humus, umswakama futhi une-acidic encane. Umhlabathi ominyene kakhulu, owomile noma onesihlabathi awulungele ukukhula isivuno esinjalo.
Lapho utshala isitshalo, kufanele kubhekwe ibanga elingama-0,6 kuya ku-0.8 m, etshalwe ekujuleni okufanayo lapho ekhule khona ezitsheni. Isitshalo esinjalo sihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi sikhula ngokushesha okukhulu kakhulu, kanti siyakwazi ukufaka ezinye izitshalo, sithathe amasimu angahloselwe wona. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izihlahla kudingeka zikhawulelwe, ngoba lokhu, amashidi ezinsimbi kufanele abiwe ngokuzungeza isiza noma isaladi lakudala akufanele libe ngaphansi kwesigamu semitha. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi okusanhlamvu okunjalo kuyazizala.
Nakekela iphenisithi engadini
Lapho kukhula ipenisisum esakhiweni sayo sensimu, kuyadingeka ukhula ngokuhlelekile nokukhulula umhlabathi ongaphezulu kwesihlahla. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesikhathi eside esomile.
Lapho kukhula emhlabathini ompofu, ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kwenziwe njalo kanye emavikini ama-4, ngoba lokhu basebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Uma inhlabathi esakhiweni igcwele izakhamzimba, khona-ke amabele awadingi kuphakelwa.
Lesi sitshalo sihlangabezana kabi nokubhaliwe, maqondana nalokhu kunconywa ukusitshala eduze kwezindonga zezakhiwo ezingavikela i-penisetum emoyeni. Lesi sitshalo sibuye sihlanganyele ngokungafani kokufakelwa, kepha uma kunesidingo, singakwazi ukukhiqizwa, futhi le nqubo inconyelwa ukuhlanganiswa nokukhiqiza ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Ukuzala kabusha kwePennissum
Ukukhulisa i-pennisetum kusayithi lakho kulula kakhulu. Izitshalo ezihluka-hlukeneyo zasendulo zivame ukusakazwa ngokuhlaza ngokwehlukanisa isihlahla, iqiniso ukuthi lapho zikhula isitshalo esinjalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, ngeke zikwazi ukugcina izici ezihlukile zesihlahla somzali. Ukwehlukanisa kwenziwa esikhathini sentwasahlobo akusekho isikhathi esiyi-1 eminyakeni eyi-5. Njengoba isihlahla sikhula, imaphakathi nendawo iyalahlekelwa ukubukeka kwayo okumangazayo. Kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla, kufanele kusikwe futhi kushiswe, kuyilapho izingxenye zangaphandle zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezinkulu eziningana. U-Delenki otshalwe kwizimbobo ezenziwe ngaphambili, bese uniselwa kakhulu.
Ubusika
Uma izinhlobonhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe zepenisisum zihlala isikhathi eside zimelana neqhwa, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ubusika ingxenye yayo yasemoyeni ayidingi ukusikwa, iyoba yisiphephelo esingokwemvelo sohlelo lwezimpande lwesihlahla. Kunconywa ukumboza indawo yezimpande ubusika ngamaqabunga andizayo noma ngamagatsha aqhakaza amanzi, kuyilapho ungqimba kufanele lube mnene impela. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, indawo yokukhosela kufanele isuswe, bese kuthi ngonyaka ophelile esihlahleni somoya sendiza.
Izifo nezinambuzane
IPennisetum imelana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-pennisetum ezinezithombe namagama
I-Foxtail Pennisetum (Foxtail) (Pennisetum alopecuroides)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lokhu kwaphakade yi-East Asia nase-Australia. Ngisho ebusika, ama-inflorescence alezi zinhlobo abukeka emangalisa kakhulu. Lesi sitshalo sakha isihlahla esibanzi impela, ukuphakama kwawo kungahluka kusuka ku-0,4 kuya kumamitha ayi-1.Nqabunga yamaqabunga engemuva ehlobo nasentwasahlobo zipendwe luhlaza, kanti ekwindla nasebusika ngombala ophuzi wegolide. Ama-inflorescences abukeka enjenge-spike anezikena ezifanayo zangaphandle akhula eziqongweni ezineziqu eziqondile noma ezi-arc; zingadwetshwa ngombala onsundu noma obomvu onsundu. Lolu hlobo alunamakhaza kangako, ngakho-ke luyakwazi ukumelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa okungu-5 degrees. Ezindaweni ezinezikhathi zasebusika ezifudumele nezifudumele, zitshalwa njengezimbali zonyaka, kanti indawo yezimpande kumele imbozwe ubusika. Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zithandwa kakhulu ngabalimi:
- Hameln. Le nhlobonhlobo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke engokwalolu hlobo. Isihlahla siqala ukuqhakaza ngonyaka wokutshala emasontweni ehlobo eledlule.
- Ikhanda elibomvu. Lokhu kwahlukahluka akubanga kudala kakhulu. Ama-inflorescence amahle kakhulu apendwe ngombala obomvu obomvu we-violet. Babukeka bemangalisa ebusika bumelana nokubuyela emuva kweqhwa.
I-Pennisetum orientale (i-Pennisetum orientale)
Endle, lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweTrop ne-Asia, India, North-East Africa, iTranscaucasia kanye nePakistan, ngenkathi okusanhlamvu kukhetha ukukhula ngamatshe amatshe, amadwala kanye ne-talus. Ama-perennials anjalo enza i-turf enobude obungamamitha ayi-0,15-0.8 Njengomthetho, amapuleti amaqabunga aseduze nesihlahla agoqwa ngobude, afinyelela kububanzi obuyi-0.4 cm. Ama-inflorescence ama-panicle anjengomzimba owenziwe isikejana afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-4-15 ubude i-pubescence, emelelwa ama-bristles angenamikhawulo, ifinyelela kubude obungu-2.7 cm. Umbala wama-inflorescence uphuzi-onsomi. Ekubambeni okuphakathi, le nhlobo ihlwanyelwa njengonyaka, ngoba kubonakaliswa ukumelana okuphansi kuneqhwa.
I-Shaggy Pennisetum (Pennisetum villosum)
Lesi sitshalo se-perennial sitholakala ngokwemvelo eMpumalanga Afrika, lapho sikhetha ukukhula khona kwi-talus nasemadwaleni. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0.3 kuya ku-0.6 m. Ububanzi bamapuleti amaqabunga acishe abe ngu-0,5 cm.U ubude bamaphayipheni abunjwe ngumbala we-spicic anemibala yegolide ngamasentimitha ama-3- 10; banesimo esakhiwe ngamaqanda noma esifushane ngama-cylindrical. Phezu kwe-inflorescence yi-pubescence, equkethe ama-brirles anama-cirrus-hairy, afinyelela kubude obungama-50 mm. Ngokwesilinganiso esiphakathi, le nhlobo ihlwanyelwa njengonyaka. I-inflorescences yesitshalo esinjalo ilungele ukwenza izindondo ezomile.
I-Pennisetum elula (i-Pennisetum incomptum)
Lesi sitshalo esinezimbali ezinde kodwa esinolaka sitholakala ngemvelo eChina. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yi-1,2 m, amapuleti amaqabunga apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma oluhlaza. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJuni-Septhemba. Ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, izimbali zipendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kube lula, bese ama-inflorescence athola umbala onsundu ophuzi. Ama-inflorescence alezi zinhlobo awasebenzi kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, isathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, njengoba ibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali kokuqala nokuphakama okukhulu kweqhwa. Ikhekhe elinjalo lingamelana nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa komoya liye ngaphansi kwama-29 degrees. Kodwa-ke, bekunezimo lapho ama-bush aphikisa ngisho nokushisa okuphansi.
I-Pennissetum bristly (Pennisetum setaceum)
Ezimweni zasendle, izinhlobo zezilwane zitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nezindawo ezishisayo zaseNyakatho-East Afrika, kanye nase-Arabhiya nge-talus namatshe. Lesi sitshalo se-thermophilic perennial sitshalwa ezindaweni eziphakathi nendawo, njengonyaka. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-0,7 kuya ku-1,3 m. Amaqabunga amaqabunga avame ukuthambile futhi ububanzi bawo bube ngamasentimitha ayi-0.6. Umbala we-inflorescence ungaba opinki noma onsomi. Amaqabunga anjalo okusanhlamvu engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yehlobo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu yiRubrum: umbala we-drooping panicle-shape inflorescences obomvu ngombala obomvu noma opinki, ambozwe ngezinwele ze-cirrus, afinyelela ku-40 mm ubude.
I-Pennisetum grey (Pennisetum glaucum)
Isitshalo esinjalo esinamagatsha anamanzi sinokubukeka okumangazayo, sifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-200 cm. Ububanzi bamapuleti amaqabunga e-burgundy-bronze cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-3.5. Izinhlobo ezithandwayo:
- Ubukhazikhazi obuluhlaza. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kucishe kube yingxenye yemitha. Lesi sitshalo sathola indondo yegolide ye-AAS: amahlamvu amancane anombala oluhlaza, kepha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga, amapuleti amaqabunga, ama-inflorescence kanye namahlumela aphenduka onsomi omnyama, acishe abe mnyama.
- Ibha yephayiphu. ENtshonalanga, lesi sitshalo sibizwa ngeFant fant Folage. Ngenkathi lesi sitshalo esihlanganisiwe nesishubile sisincane, sipendwe luhlaza, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sishintsha sibe umbala omnyama futhi okhanyayo kune-Purple Majness. Futhi, amahlamvu awo abanzi futhi amafushane ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ezingenhla.
- AmaJade Princesses noma iJade Princess. Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha. Umbala wamapuleti amaqabunga uluhlaza okotshani, futhi ama-inflorescence awo amahle afakwe ngopende obomvu we-burgundy.
I-Pennisetum Landscaping
Izinhlamvu zomhlobiso, kufaka phakathi i-pennisetum, zithandwa kakhulu ekwakhiweni komhlaba nasekubonweni kwemvelo, ngenkathi zisetshenziswa kokubili kwisitayela sendawo nasekutshaleni okujwayelekile. I-foxtail pennisetum isetshenziswa kaningi ukwenza ukwakheka komhlaba, futhi idlala indima yesisho esikhulu sezimbali. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda se-pennisetum, izitshalo ezingaphansi ezifana ne-cocula kanye ne-marigold zibukeka zizinhle ngokwakhiwa kwamanzi.
Ngokufika okujwayelekile, leli siko lilungele ukudala umngcele. Ngenxa yalolu luhlaka, izindlela ezikhule etshanini noma esivandeni sezimbali zezitshalo zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ngesitshalo esinjalo bakha izingoma ezinhle ezinamadwala ezibukeka zingokwemvelo kakhulu, kanti amahlamvu wepenisisum enza okugqamile. Kulokhu kuhlanganiswa, usengafaka izitshalo ezijwayelekile zezindawo eziphakemeyo, ngokwesibonelo: ezincane, i-Byzantine chistec, i-lavender, i-rose rose noma i-blue fescue.
Lesi sitshalo silungele izingoma eziqhubekayo zokuqhakaza nezomxube, ngoba ziyakwazi ukunikeza umphumela omuhle wokuhlobisa, oguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lesi sitshalo futhi kufanelekile ukudala monocomposition. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo zesiko elinjalo esizeni esisodwa, ezohluka ngombala we-inflorescence namahlamvu.
