U-Irga, obizwa nangokuthi yisinamoni (i-Amelanchier), ungummeleli wesizwe sohlobo lomndeni wama-apula apinki. I-Irga isihlahla esiqabulayo noma isihlahla esikhulu kakhulu. Igama lesiLatin lesi sitshalo esinjalo sivela emlandweni weCeltic noma weProvencal, ngokuhunyushwa lisho "ukuletha uju." ENgilandi, isitshalo esinjalo sibizwa ngokuthi i-berry ewusizo noma kaJuni kanye nesihlahla, kanti eMelika ibizwa nge- "Saskatoon" - leli gama banikwa lona amaNdiya, abangabahlali bomdabu bakuleliya lizwe. Ngokusho kwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, engxenyeni yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe ungahlangana nezinhlobo ezingama-18-25 zama-igreas, ngenkathi iningi lawo likhula eNyakatho Melika. Endle, isitshalo esinjalo sithanda ukukhula emadwaleni, emaphethelweni ehlathi nasendaweni ye-tundra. Abalimi balima cishe izinhlobo eziyishumi ze-irgi. Zikhulele ukuze zikhiqize izithelo ezimnandi futhi njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa.
Izici ze-Irgi
Lapho amabala amaqabunga eqala ukuvula ku-shrub irga, khona-ke ibukeka kahle kakhulu. Kubukeka sengathi lesi sitshalo simbozwe nge-pubescence, sengathi imbozwe nge-hoarfrost emhlophe-ngesiliva. Lapho amahlamvu evuleka, izimbali ezipinki nezimhlophe ziqala ukuqhakaza, okubonakala sengathi zinamathela emagatsheni. I-shrub, embozwe i-inflorescences ebabazekayo enhle, ibukeka inhle ngokomlingo. Amapuleti anamaqabunga apinki noma aluhlaza walesi simila muhle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba igatsha seliphelile, amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuqalwa kwawo, ngaleso sikhathi kuqhume isihlahla esincane esinomqhele oqabulayo ngaphambi kokugqolozela komgcini-nsimu. Amagxolo velvety esiqwini apendewe ngombala onsundu ngombala opinki. Ngesikhathi sokukhulisa izithelo, kukhiqizwa “ama-aphula” amancane esihlahleni, esiqoqwe kubhulashi. Ekuqaleni, zinombala okhilimu omhlophe nokufiphala, amajikijolo aba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuze kube yilapho umbala wawo uphenduka ubomvu onsomi, onsomi omnyama noma onsomi. Amajikijolo anejusi amnandi kakhulu futhi amnandi, futhi awathandwa yizingane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinyoni ezisakaza imbewu nxazonke. Ekwindla, shrub futhi ibukeka kahle ngokumangazayo. Amahlamvu awo adwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene, kusukela kubomvu we-aloe no-orange-pink kuya ephuzi ejulile, kuyilapho ukugqwala okungububende obunsomi kungahlukaniswa ngemuva kwesizinda samaqabunga ambalwa aluhlaza. Isihlahla esinjalo somhlobiso sikhula ngokushesha, sikhula ngokushesha, simelana nesithwathwa nesomiso. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwaphawuleka ukuthi kumahlumela apical wonyaka odlule, izimbali zihle kakhulu, futhi izithelo ziningi. I-Irgu isetshenziswa njengesitoko samapharele nezihlahla ezincane ze-apula, ngoba ihlukaniswa ukwethenjwa nokukhuthazela kwayo. Isikhathi sokuphila sesihlahla esinjalo sivela eminyakeni engama-60 kuye kwengama-70, kancane kancane iziqu zazo ziba iziqu zangempela, kwesinye isikhathi ukuphakama kwazo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-8. Lesi sihlahla singenye yezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zoju. Kodwa-ke, lesi sitshalo esimangazayo sinomdwebo owodwa omkhulu, okungukuthi, amahlumela amaningi ezimpande, ukulwa okuzobe kulwelwa kuyo yonke inkathi yonyaka. Kodwa-ke, uma ubheka ukuthi isitshalo esinjalo asisihle kuphela futhi sinikeza amajikijolo amnandi, kodwa futhi sinezindawo zokuphulukisa, ukubuyela emuva okunjengempande amahlumela kubukeka kungasho lutho.
Ukutshala i-Irgi emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokutshala
Ungatshala i-irgi enhlabathini evulekile entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ochwepheshe beluleka ukwenza inqubo enjalo ekwindla. Indawo efanelekayo ye-igra kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle, kulokhu izisekelo zayo ngeke zelule, zibheke inani elanele lokukhanya, futhi zithele izithelo kakhulu. Umhlabathi olungele isihlahlana esinje kufanele ube ngumbethe noma isihlabathi. Ngokuvamile, i-irga ayisihluphi ngomhlabathi, noma kunjalo, uma ufuna inani elincane lokukhula kwezimpande likhule, khona-ke inhlabathi kufanele igcwale izakhi zomzimba. Enhlabathini enamanzi amaningi, i-irgi ithela izithelo kakhulu. I-acidity yenhlabathi ingaba yiphi. Kepha izindawo lapho amanzi asemhlabathini aphakeme kakhulu azifanele ukutshala lesi shrub, ngoba izimpande zaso zingangena ngamasentimitha angama-200 ukuya kwangama-200. Uma ukufika kwe-irgi kuhlelwe ekwindla, khona-ke ukulungiswa kwendawo yokutshala kumele kwenziwe entwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa lonke ukhula kuyo, bese isiza sigcinwa ngaphansi kwesifu elimnyama kuze kube sekutshaleni ekwindla. Masinyane nje ngaphambi kokutshala isithombo enhlabathini evulekile, kumbiwa bese kufakwa amagremu ama-40 omanyolo we-potassium ne-phosphorus kuyo yonke imitha eyi-skwele. Akudingekile ukumba inhlabathi ejulile (ngamasentimitha ayi-10-15).
Ungatshala kanjani i-irga
Ukufaka inkomba emhlabathini ovulekile kulula kakhulu. Ngokutshala, udinga ukukhetha izithombo zonyaka noma ze-biennial. Uma kwenzeka kutshalwa izithombo eziningana, khona-ke esizeni zidinga ukufakelwa, ngenkathi ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe amasentimitha ayi-100-150. Ubukhulu bomgodi wokutshala kufanele ube cishe ngu-0.6x0.6x0.5 m. Umgomo wokutshala i-berry uyafana nalowo owasetshenziswa lapho utshala izihlahla ezihlabayo ezilandelwayo: ama-gooseberries, ama-currants, ama-raspberries, ama-amajikijolo, ama-blueberries, i-actinidia ne-honeysuckle. Lapho ugaya umgodi, ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi oluvundile kufanele lugoqwe ngokuhlukile. Kuhlanganiswa nomquba nesihlabathi esibunjiwe ngokwesilinganiso se-3: 1: 1. Thela amabhakede ama-1 noma amabili we-humus, u-0,4 kg we-superphosphate no-150 g womanyolo we-potassium emgodini wokufika osuqediwe. Ngezansi komgodi, udinga ukwenza indunduma evela endaweni engaphansi etholakalayo, lapho kubekwa khona izithombo ze-irgi. Lapho izimpande ziqondile, umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe ngenhlabathi evundile engenhla, eyayikade ixutshwe nesihlabathi nomquba. Inhlabathi idinga ukuhlanganiswa kancane. Qinisekisa ukuthi intamo yesitshalo ayingcwatshwa. Ngaphansi kwe-seedling etshaliwe udinga ukuthulula kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungeniwe, inhlabathi kufanele ixazulule. Ngemuva kwalokhu, inqwaba yenhlabathi kufanele ifakwe emgodini ukuze umphezulu wawo ube sezingeni elifanayo nesiza. Ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kufanele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (humus, peat noma inhlabathi eyomile). Esikhathini esitshalelwe imbewu, ingxenye yomhlabathi kufanele ifushaniswe ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-15, kuyilapho ama-4 noma ama-5 athuthukiswe kahle kufanele aqhubeke esiqwini ngasinye.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Irga
Ukunakekela umdlalo kulula kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuba etshaliwe engadini, uzodinga ukunakwa kwakho okuncane kakhulu. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo esenziwe kahle ngeke sigcine sihle kakhulu, kodwa futhi silethe isivuno esicebile. Ukunakekela isihlahla esinjalo kuqukethe ukuthambisa okungajwayelekile, ukhula, izihlahla nokugqoka okuphezulu. Lesi sitshalo sehlukaniswa ukumelana kwawo nesomiso, ngoba izimpande zawo ezinde zingena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi, lapho umswakama uhlala ukhona. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, ukunisela kufanele ukuniselwa kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso eside, ngenkathi kuthambisa kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe ku-hose nge-diffuser, kulokhu kuzokwenzeka ngasikhathi sinye ukususa lonke uthuli ebusweni beqabunga. Kunconywa ukuchelela kungakadluli i-16:00, ngemuva kokuba ukushisa sekunciphile. Ngemuva kokuthi isitshalo siphuziswe, kubalulekile ukhula futhi ngasikhathi sinye sithukulule umhlabathi ongaphezulu kwesihlahla.
Yondla u-Irgi
Lapho isitshalo sineminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala, udinga ukuqala ukusondla. Ama-fertilizer afakwa minyaka yonke embuthanweni osondelene nesisekelo wokumba, kuyilapho kusuka entanjeni yezimpande kubalulekile ukuphambuka kusuka ku-0,2 kuye ku-0.3 m. Ngakho-ke, amabhakede elilodwa noma amabili e-humus, 0,3 kg we-superphosphate ne-0,5 kg kadoti kufanele kungeniswe emhlabathini Umanyolo, ongafaki i-chlorine. Ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi yehlobo, isihlahlana kufanele sondliwe ngezinto eziwuketshezi, ngakho-ke ½ ibhakede lesisombululo somquba wenkukhu (10%) lithululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ukungeniswa kukamanyolo owuketshezi enhlabathini kwenziwa kusihlwa ngemuva kokuba imvula isidlulile noma isitshalo sizoniselwa kakhulu. Umanyolo owomile kufanele usatshalaliswe ngaphezulu kombuthano oseduze, usuka esitshalweni u-0,3 m, bese ubekwa uphawu emhlabathini, emva kwalokho indawo idinga ukuniselwa. Njengoba shrub ikhula, inani lomanyolo kufanele lenyuswe kancane kancane.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Irgi
Ukudlulisa umnakekeli wabantu abadala kuyinto enzima kakhulu. Iqiniso ngukuthi uhlelo lwezimpande sesihlahla lungena ezingxenyeni ezijulile zenhlabathi. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe baluleka ukuthi ukhethe indawo efanelekile impela yokutshala isihlahla esinjalo ukuze ungadingi ukusifaka. Kuleso simo, uma ungeke ukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokufakelwa, lapho-ke ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwesitshalo esineminyaka ephakathi emhlabathini, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande ngokujulile nobubanzi ngalesi sikhathi lukhula cishe ngo-200 cm. Uma i-iris ineminyaka engu-7 noma engu-8 ubudala, khona-ke ukuwudlulisa ngaphandle kobuhlungu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ububanzi besistimu yezimbiwa busuke ku-100 baye ku-125 cm, futhi ukujula kungamamitha angama-0.7 kuphela. Lezo zimpande ezingaphelele ezazisele emhlabathini, isihlahla singakhula ngokushesha okukhulu endaweni entsha. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho isikhulile isitshalo esitshaliwe sikhulu, ubukhulu besistimu yezimpande uma bumbile buqhamuka enhlabathini kufanele bube njalo. Isitshalo esikhishwe emhlabathini kufanele sithuthelwe endaweni ethembekile, kodwa singazami ukubhubhisa inhlama yobumba. Isihlahla sibekwa emgodini olungiselelwe ngaphambilini, ogcwele inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho inyathelwa kahle. Isitshalo esitshaliwe sidinga ukuthambisa okuningi. Ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kumele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch
Irga ekwindla
Ngemuva kokuchuma ekwindla, isihlahla se-irgi sidinga ukuthamba nokuhlanzeka kanye nokudla okwengeziwe. Ukufakelwa uma kunesidingo. Bamba isiza, ngenkathi kubalulekile ukuthola futhi ukushisa wonke amahlamvu endizayo. Isihlahla asidingi indawo yokukhosela ebusika, ngoba ngisho noma iqhwa elinzima (cishe imizuzu engama-40 degrees) ngeke likulimaze.
Izihlahla
Isikhathi sokutshala
Kungabonakala sengathi i-shrimp ikubekezelela ukuthungwa kalula, kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baluleka ukwenza le nqubo kuphela uma kunesidingo ngokuphelele. Ukunciphisa inani lokusikeka, kufanele wazi imithetho embalwa:
- Ukutshala isihlahla, udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, ngoba imisebe yelanga kumele ingene kugquma kwesihlahla.
- Ukuncipha kungenziwa kuphela ngezinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu ze-iergi. Uma isitshalo sikude kakhulu, khona-ke kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukusithena, noma ngabe usebenzisa i-stepladder.
- Isikhathi sokuqala unganquma isihlahla ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-1 noma engu-2 ngemuva kokutshalwa esihlakaleni sengadi. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphuma kwesiphuzo.
Ungalima kanjani i-irga
Eminyakeni yokuqala, i-irgi kufanele isike cishe wonke amahlumela we-zero kusuka amahlumela ezimpande, ngenkathi ishiya izingcezu ezimbalwa ezinamandla kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sitshalo sinenombolo edingekayo yemithi, kuzothunyelwa izihlahla zokulwa ukuguga ngonyaka, ngenkathi isivuno sizinza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kanye ngonyaka, udinga ukusika iziqu ze-2 ezindala kakhulu, kuyilapho inani elifanayo leziqu ezintsha kufanele lishiywe kusuka empandeni. Zonke iziqu eziqonde mpo zezihlahlana ezincane kufanele zifushaniswe ngokukhula year konyaka odlule. Emahlathini amadala, kuyadingeka ukuncipha amagatsha aseceleni, ngenxa yalokhu umqhele uzoqala ukukhula ngobubanzi, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba yinkinga ukuqoqa ama-berry ngisho ngosizo lwe-stepladder. Ngeziqu zonyaka, akudingekile ukucubungula amaphuzu wokusika. Kodwa-ke, izingxenye zamahlumela abantu abadala kufanele zifakelwe ngopende kawoyela ku-uwoyela wokumisa wemvelo, ngenkathi khumbula ukuthi uma kubanda ngaphandle, khona-ke i-var engadini ayinconywa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokwenza izihlahla, lesi sitshalo sidinga nokuhlanzeka, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukusika wonke amagatsha omisiwe futhi alimala neziqu, kanye nalezo ezifaka isandla ekuqineni komqhele (ikhule ngaphakathi kwesihlahla). Futhi, amahlumela ezimpande kufanele asuswe ngendlela efanelekile. Ukuze uvuselele ngokuphelele isihlahlana, kufanele sinqunywe "esiqwini."
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kuka-Irgi
Isihlahla esimfushane esinamaqabunga ama-ovval sithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi, singasatshalaliswa ngembewu nangezindlela zezitshalo. Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa amajikijolo amakhulu ama-varietal amajikijolo kuphela ngezindlela zezitshalo, okuwukuthi: ukugoma, inzalo nokusika okuluhlaza. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi zonke izitshalo ezihlukahlukahluka zisatshalaliswa kuphela ngezindlela zemifino, kanye nezinhlobo - ngembewu nangokusakazeka.
Ukusakazwa kwezithombo ngembewu
Thatha izithelo ezivuthwe kahle bese ususa imbewu kuzo. Kuhlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvuna ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ulungiselele imibhede, ngoba esevundiswe kahle, udinga ukungcwaba imbewu emhlabathini ngamamitha angama-20 kuphela. Izilimo zidinga ukuthambisa okuningi, bese zimbozwa ungqimba lwe-mulch (amaqabunga omisiwe noma utshani). Ebusika, imbewu izokwazi ukubhekana nemvelo, bese kuvela izithombo entwasahlobo. Uma izithombo zivela ekwindla, khona-ke akukho okufanele sikhathazeke ngakho. Entwasahlobo, izithombo kufanele zitshalwe ukuze zingaphithizi. Ngesikhathi sehlobo bazodinga ukunakekelwa, banikeze ukuthambisa okufika ngesikhathi, ukhula nokugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo aqukethe i-nitrogen. Ekupheleni konyaka wokuqala, ukuphakama kwezithombo kuzoba ngamasentimitha ayi-10-12, kuthi owesibili - kusuka kumamitha ayi-0.4 kuya kwangama-0.5. Ukudlulisa izithombo endaweni ehlala njalo kungenziwa kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu, lapho ziqina.
Ukusatshalaliswa komlomo wesibeletho ngokuxhunyelelwa kwezithombo
Ekwindla, amasheya kufanele alungiselelwe, ngoba lokhu, izithombo ezi-rollan ezineminyaka emibili zilungile, zingatholakala ekutshaleni noma epaki. Ngemuva kokuba imvula isidlulile, lesi sitshalo esinjalo singakhipha kalula emhlabathini. Uma kukhona isifiso, khona-ke amasheya angatshalwa ngezandla zakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekwindla, umlotha wentaba uhlwanyelwa enhlabathini evulekile, izithombo zizovela entwasahlobo, futhi ngonyaka wesibili zingasetshenziswa njengamasheya. Umuthi wokugoma kufanele wenziwe entwasahlobo, lapho kukhona ukugeleza kwesiqu. Kuyadingeka ukungenisa ekuphakameni kwamasentimitha ayi-10-15 ukusuka entanjeni yempande. Izici zokugoma:
- I-scion eqinisiwe kufanele isuswe emhlabeni, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande kufanele lugezwe kahle. Kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza i-trimming enezingqimba zesitoko endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15 ukusuka entanjeni yezimpande.
- Thatha ummese obukhali bese uhlukanisa umsiki ophakathi nendawo kuze kube ngu-30 mm.
- Kwi-scion, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukusika okuphezulu kwe-oblique. Usukile ekungeneni okungaphezulu kwamasentimitha ayi-15, kufanele wenze ukusikwa okungaphansi kube ngendlela ye-bilgeal angahlukani nobude, ubude bawo bube ngu-40 mm. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-wedge kufanele lutholakale kancane ngaphansi kwezinso, nolunye uhlangothi olubhekene nalo.
- Kuyadingeka ukubeka i-wedge yesitoko kuqhekeko lwe-scion, kuyilapho kufanele ifakwe ngokuqinile. Qaphela ukuthi ingaphezulu le-wedge akufanele libekwe ngokuhlukaniswa.
- Indawo yokugoma kumele igoqwe ngothayela. Ingxenye engenhla ye-scion ihlanganiswa nge-var var yengadi.
- Isiphunzi sitshalwe ebhokisini, eligcwele Peat elihlanganiswe nesihlabathi, kuyilapho kufanele lijule endaweni yokuxhunyelelwa. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha sihlanzwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma endaweni ebamba ukushisa okubandayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi egumbini lokufudumala umdwebo uzothatha izimpande ngokushesha.
- Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-callus kufanele ivele kuleyo ngxenye yomshini obungekho esikhaleni, lapho lokhu kwenzeka ifilimu idinga ukususwa, bese isithombo esiqediwe sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
- Zonke amahlumela ezizokhula ngaphansi kwendawo yokugoma kumele zisuswe.
Ukusakazeka kwe-igreus ngokusikwa okuluhlaza
Ukuvunwa kokusikwa kwenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi nenkathi yehlobo. Khetha isihlahla seminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha esikhule ngokwanele futhi usike ukusika kusuka eziqongweni zamagatsha.Ukusika ngobude kufanele kufinyelele kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-15. Onke amapuleti amaqabunga aphansi kufanele anqunywe kuwo, kuyilapho kusale eyodwa noma amabili amapheshana aphezulu. Izingxenye ezingezansi zezisiko ezilungiselelwe zidinga ukubanjwa amahora ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ngokuzilungiselela okuvusa ukukhula kwezimpande. Zidinga ukugezwa emanzini ahlanzekile futhi zitshaleke endaweni ebanda ukushisa ebandeni, kugcinwe ibanga phakathi kwazo okungama-30- 40 mm. Inhlabathi ekushiseni okuluhlaza kumele ihlanzeke, ingaphezulu layo kumele limbozwe ngesihlabathi, ubukhulu bawo bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-7 kuye kwayi-10. Kuyadingeka ukuthi i-greenhouse dome ivele eziqongweni ze-cutways ibanga elingamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Izilimo ezitshaliwe zidinga ukuthambisa, ezenziwa kusetshenziswa ngesihlungo esincane, ngoba uketshezi akufanele lugeleze emfudlaneni. Lapho ukusikwa kuniselwa, abamba ukushisa kufanele kusimbozwe. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-greenhouse ayishisi ngaphezu kwama-25 degrees. Kulokhu, kuzodingeka ukuthi kwenziwe i-airing ehlelekile, ngoba lokhu kuzodingeka ukususa okwesikhashana i-dome eluhlaza okotshani. Qiniseka ukuthi inhlabathi imanzi kancane ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, ama-cuttings kuzodingeka anikeze izimpande, ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokuqina kwawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, okokuqala i-greenhouse dome iyahlanzwa ngosuku. Futhi lapho ukusika sekuvunyelwene kancane, i-dome yendawo yokushisa iyasuswa ebusuku. Lapho ukusika kunezinsuku ezingama-21 ubudala, kufanele ngabe sele zakhe uhlelo olunamandla lwe-fibrous izimpande. Ukuze uzikhulise, udinga ukuziphonsa embhedeni wokuqeqesha. Ngemuva kokuthi ukusika kuqale izimpande, zizodinga ukugqoka okungaphezulu, ngoba lokhu zisebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali (amalitha ayi-10 wamanzi ama-gramu ama-30 we-ammonium nitrate) noma i-slurry exutshwe kaningi ngamanzi ayi-6. Ukunakekela ukusikwa kuyafana nokunakekela amahlahla abantu abadala. Lapho kufika isikhathi sekwindla elandelayo, ama-cutways asekhulile angatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-irgi ngokugoqa
Ukuqala, kufanele ukhethe amagatsha aneminyaka emibili aneziqu ezinamandla noma isiqu sonyaka. Ochwepheshe beluleka ukumba izendlalelo entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho inhlabathi isifudumele kahle. Ingaphezulu kufanele limbiwe, lihlanganiswe futhi lidalwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa imifino enhlabathini lapho amahlumela owakhethile abekwa khona, futhi kufanele kwaziwe ukuthi kufanele akhule eduze komhlabathi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela enzelwe emihlanganweni, kuyadingeka ukuphina iziqongo zawo. Ngemuva kokuphakama kokusikwa kwamahlumela amasha akhule kusuka kuma-buds afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-12, azodinga ukugcwaliswa kube yingxenye ngomsoco womsoco noma umquba. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20, ukuphakama kwamahlumela kuzofinyelela amasentimitha angama-20-27, kanti azodinga ukumbozwa futhi ngengxenye yenhlabathi. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezizinda ezisikiwe kanye nokufakwa kwazo endaweni entsha yaphakade kuzokwenzeka ekwindla noma entwasahlobo elandelayo.
Ukusakazeka kwentombazane ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Kungcono ukusabalalisa ihlathi lesihlahla esidlekayo kuphela uma udlulisa isihlahla esidala. Le nqubo inconywa ukuthi yenziwe ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala, kanye nasekwindla emavikini ama 4 ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala. Esihlahleni esimbiwe, udinga ukunciphisa amagatsha amadala, futhi ususe nenhlabathi ezimpandeni. Ngemuva kwalokho i-rhizome isikwa izingxenye eziningi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-Delenka kufanele ibe okungenani namahlumela amabili aqinile, kanye nohlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe. Izimpande ezindala zinconywa ukuba zisikwe, kanti ezisele kufanele zisikwe. Ngemuva kwalokho i-Delenki etshalwe ezindaweni ezintsha.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-Irgi
I-Irga inokumelana okuphezulu kwezifo nezinambuzane. Ezimweni ezingandile, ingagula i-grey bola (i-septoria), yomiswa ngaphandle kwamagatsha (isifo sofuba), kanye neqabunga le-phylostictic.
Uma lesi sitshalo singenwe yisifo sofuba, into yokuqala abayenzayo ukuqala ukukhipha ukomisa amapuleti amaqabunga, emva kwalokho amagatsha abune, bese kuvela izigaxa ezibomvu ebusweni bawo. Iziqu ezithelelekile kufanele zisikwe futhi zichithwe. Isihlahla ngokwaso entwasahlobo siphathwa ngengxube ye-Bordeaux noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Esimweni lapho i-shrimp ithinteka khona lapho ibona i-phylostictic, khona-ke izindawo ezinamabala ansundu zingabonakala ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga omisiwe nawafile. Amahlamvu athelelekile kufanele anqunywe futhi ashiswe. Ngaphambi nangemva kokuqhakaza, shrub kufanele ifafazwe ngengxube yeBordeaux.
Lapho kungenwa ngegrey bola, amabala ansundu avela ebusweni bamapuleti amaqabunga, kancane kancane anda ngosayizi. Amacembe amaqabunga ngokwawo aphenduka isikhunta esiphuzi, esimpunga sivele ebusweni bawo. Lapho-ke amaqabunga ayaphela. Ukubola okumpunga kuthinta kuphela izihlahla okukhona kuzo umswakama ngokweqile ezimpandeni. Mayelana nalokhu, ubuyekeze ngokuphuthumayo uhlelo lokunisela noma ukuthuthela ehlathini endaweni enamanzi aphansi phansi ajulile. Ngezinhloso zokuvimbela kanye nokwelapha, isihlahla kufanele sifafazwe ngengxube yeBordeaux, i-Oksikhom, iTopaz noma i-Kuproksat.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, lesi sitshalo esinjalo singathinteka ngenundu we-iris emabala kanye nomdlayo we-irgus. Odla imbewu uzinza amajikijolo futhi adle imbewu, ukumuncwa kwayo kwenzeka ngezithelo. Amacimbi ama-moth-mittens emacembe amaqabunga emayini, ngenxa yawo aqala ukoma futhi aqhekeke. Ukususa izinambuzane ezinjalo eziyingozi, kuyadingeka ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngeKarbofos, i-Actellik noma neFufanon.
Izinhlobo ze-Irgi ngesithombe
Sekushiwo ngenhla ukuthi abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 ze-iregi. Ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane zizochazwa ngezansi.
I-Spiny grouse (i-Amelanchier spicata)
Lesi sihlahla esiwohlokayo noma shrub sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha ayi-5. Uneziqu eziningi ezakha umqhele omuhle kakhulu we-oval. Umbala wamagatsha amasha ubomvu onsundu, futhi owabantu abadala ungwevu omnyama. Amapuleti amaqabunga anamaqanda aqukethe ubude obuyi-50 mm nobubanzi obuyi-25 mm. Ngesikhathi sokudalulwa, zizwakala zimhlophe, ehlobo zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ekwindla zidwetshwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene e-orange-red. Amafushane ama-inflorescence aqondile obovu anezimbali ezinamakha amhlophe noma apinki. Izithelo ezimnandi eziphakathi nobubanzi zifinyelela ku-10 mm, zimnyama futhi zinsomi, futhi ebusweni kukhona ukuhlanganiswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. I-shrimp enjalo imelana nesithwathwa, isomiso, igesi nentuthu. Isikhathi sokukhula siqala ngo-Ephreli kuya ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Okthoba. Izwe lakuleli hlobo yiNyakatho Melika.
I-Olkhol'naya igra (Amelanchier alnifolia)
Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walezi zinhlobo ubuye ube yiNyakatho Melika, noma, izifunda zawo eziphakathi nendawo ezisentshonalanga. I-irgi enjalo ithanda ukutshala emahlathini, emagqumeni nangasogwini lwemifula nemifudlana. Lenhlobo inomjondolo. Phezu kweziqu ezincane, amaqabunga namahlumela, aqoqwe ku-inflemose inflorescence, kukhona i-pubescence. Ama-petals wezimbali anendlela eqondile, ngenxa yalokhu, phakathi kwawo akubonakali. Umumo wezithelo ezimnyama uyindilinga, uphakeme kancane. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1918.
I-Cangaan Irga (Amelanchier canadensis)
I-irgi enjalo ithanda ukukhula endaweni eseduze nemifula nemifula, kanye nasemithambekeni amadwala. Isihlahla sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ukuphakama, nesihlahla - sisuka kumamitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-10. Amahlumela amancanyana avela kancane. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-ovate afinyelela ubudeamasentimitha ayi-10. Ekuqaleni zinombala onsundu, njengokungathi zizwakala, ehlobo zingwevu ngombala ophuzi, kanti ezinyangeni zasekwindla zidwetshwe ngemisindo yegolide ebomvu yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Isakhiwo se-drooping racemose inflorescence sifaka izimbali ezi-5 kuya kweziyi-12 zombala omhlophe, ziqhathanisa ngempumelelo neziqu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Izithelo ezimnandi eziyindilinga zombala onsomi omnyama zimbozwe iqhakaza eliluhlaza okotshani. Loluhlobo alunqandeki ubusika, alubeki izidingo ezikhethekile enhlabathini nasekwangeni lomswakama, futhi luhlobisa kakhulu. Kwenziwe kusukela ngo-1623
U-Irga Lamarck (Amelanchier lamarckii)
Kuyo yonke inkathi, lesi sitshalo sibukeka simangalisa kakhulu. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwenza indawo ekutshaleni amaqembu noma njengesitshalo solo. I-Irgu Lamarca ne-Canadian yase-Canada zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezitoko zezihlahla zama-apula kanye namapheya, njengoba zandisa ukumelana kwesithwathwa, kanye nekhono lazo lokukhula emhlabathini omanzi ngokweqile, ongagugi izihlahla zezithelo zamatshe.
I-Oryga, noma ejwayelekile (Amelanchier ovalis)
Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lolu hlobo yiSouthern and Central Europe. Ukulungiselela ukukhula endaweni eyomile impela, njengasehlathini, ehlathini, emithambekeni yamatshe. Ukuphakama kwalesi shrub cishe ngamasentimitha angama-250. Amahlumela amancane yi-pubescent, yingakho enombala wesiliva. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iziqu ziba ezingenalutho futhi ezicwebezelayo, bese ziphenduka zaba nsundu. Amapuleti amaqabunga amaqabunga e-ovate avela emaphethelweni, ubude bufika ku-40 mm. Ngemuva kokuvuleka kwamahlamvu, kufane nokuzwakala. Ehlobo, iba luhlaza okomnyama, kuthi ekwindla - kube bomvu. Ama-apical racemose inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezimhlophe ezifika kububanzi obuyi-30 mm. Izithelo ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni zinombala omfushane. Lolu hlobo lumelana nesomiso futhi luthanda ukukhula emhlabathini onomsoco we-calcareous. Ubusika, lolu hlobo aludingi indawo yokuhlala kuphela ezindaweni eziseningizimu. Kwenziwe kusukela ngekhulu le-16.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezishiwo ngenhla, abalimi bakhulisa igruas ephansi, ebushelelezi, ejikelezayo, egeleza kahle, imnandi, i-Asia, i-Bartramovskaya, i-Kuzika, i-obovate, ebomvu ngegazi, i-jut ne-Jack iguaries.
Izakhiwo ze-iergi: inzuzo nokulimaza
Izici eziwusizo ze-Irgi
Izithelo zakwa-Irgi zifaka ama-pectins, ama-mono- kanye nama-disaccharides, amavithamini C, P, A, amavithamini e-B, umkhondo wezinto eziholayo, ithusi, i-cobalt, i-tannins, i-flavonols, i-fiber, i-malic acid nezinye izinto ezidingekayo futhi eziwusizo emzimbeni womuntu. Lesi sithelo siqukethe i-carotene eningi ne-ascorbic acid, lezi zinto zingama-antioxidants anamandla, sibonga ukumelana nomzimba ezifweni ezithathelwanayo kanye nokukhula kwengcindezi, ukukhula kwesifo se-Alzheimer kunciphisa, futhi kuvimbela ukukhula kwe-oncology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carotene, etholakala e-Irga, isiza ukuthuthukisa umbono, ukuphulukisa ukungaboni ebusuku futhi kuvikele ukuthuthukiswa kwamabala. Ama-pectins, ayingxenye yezithelo, athuthukisa ukusebenza kwenhliziyo, anciphisa inani le-cholesterol egazini, futhi anikele ekususweni kwezinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-radionuclides nobunye ubuthi emzimbeni. Ijusi elifakwe kusuka ku-berry lusetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-enterocolitis ne-colitis, ngoba linomphumela wokulwa nokuvuvukala nokulungisa. Ukudla izithelo ezinjalo kunconywa kulabo abanenkinga yokwanda kwe-nerve noma ukuqwasha, ngoba banomphumela wokuthoba. I-Irga ikhonjiswa isifo sikashukela, ngokwesibonelo, kwenziwa i-decoction kusuka kumagxolo aso, asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umlomo, kanti i-gruel elungiselelwe kusuka kumakhasi asetshenziswa njengendlela yokucindezela izilonda.
Contraindication
I-Irgu akufanele idliwe ngama-hypotensives, kanye nabantu abangabekezelelani. Njengoba lezi zithelo zinomphumela omuhle wokuthula, kufanele zidliwe ngokunakekelwa yilabo abashayela. Azikho ezinye izinto eziphikisayo.
