Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-90 zezitshalo ze-spirea. Zikhula kakhulu emahlathini-ama-steppes, ama-steppes kanye nezindawo ezingasogwadule ezingxenyeni esenyakatho yomhlaba. Uhlobo lonke luphelele lubonakala ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zombili ngokwemidwebo nangemibala - kunezinhlobo zamaphiramidi, ziqonde, ezinwabuzelayo, ezinamawolintshi, aphuzi, anombala obomvu onsomi.
Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uqalise ukusebenzisa noma yiliphi icebo lokuklama engadini yakho, ku-greenhouse, njalonjalo. Ukukhetha ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kwezinhlobo eziningana ze-spiraea, abalimi abanolwazi bafinyelela ukuqhakaza okuqhubekayo kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo ngokwazo zibonakala ngokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngokwalo mlingiswa, uhlobo ngalunye lufakiwe kwelinye lamaqembu ama-2 - ukuqhakaza kwentwasahlobo noma ukuqhakaza kwehlobo. Ukuqhakaza kokuqala okuvela ngezimbali ezimhlophe amahlumela ngonyaka owedlule, kanti okwesibili - kupinki, okubomvu, okusajingijolo okusha okusha.
Izinhlobo ze-Spirea ezinezithombe namagama
Ispirea esinezimbali entwasahlobo sakha iziqu eziningi ezinamathela ezinamahlumela, ezingaba yiminyaka engu-10 ubudala ezingaba ngu-30 ziye ku-60. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Spirea Wangutta - 2-metres, ngamagatsha aqotayo namaqabunga anemibala (umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ushintsha ube yi-motley orange ekwindla).
Isiphikiso se-Spirea - Enye yezinhlobo zokuqala zezimbali eziqhakazayo, enesihlahla esixakile, esivuthayo, esingamamitha ayi-2 ubude nephunga elimnandi lezimbali ezimboze yonke ingatsha yamagatsha.
I-Nippon Spiraea - ingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama, ibanzi ngezinhla ezinwabuzelayo esimeni sesihlahla esimbozwe izimbali kulo lonke ivolumu.
Spirea Thunberg - amahlamvu awo eshintsha umbala usuka eluhlaza ehlobo uye ku-orange-okusajingijolo lapho kufika ekwindla.
Spiraea angocarpus - Uhlobo olunqabile, oluvikelwe, olungamamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama, olunomqhele oqondile, amahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza okotshani eduze komphetho, kanye ne-corymbose inflorescence yezimbali ezimhlophe ezinombala ophuzi.
I-Grey spirea - i-hybrid yezinhlobo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1,5 ukuphakama, inamagatsha aqothulayo namahlamvu aluhlaza okotshani.
Waziwa kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zawo spirea grafshame Amamitha ayi-2 ukuphakama, namagatsha ansundu akhipha umqhele onsundu.
Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zithathwa njengokuqhakaza ihlobo:
I-Spirea yaseJapan
Enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu engadini. Izihlahla ezinhle ngokubabazekayo ezineziqu ezincane ezingama-1.5 metres zimbozwe ngamahlamvu ama-ovoid, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngezansi nokuluhlaza okuvela phezulu. Lapho kufika ekwindla, amaqabunga aphenduka abomvu umlilo. Izimbali zide kakhulu - izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-60, izimbali ezibomvu ngokubomvu zihlobisa ingadi.
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu i-spirea, izinhlobo eziningi zazaluswa, ngokwesibonelo, eziqhakaza ngoJuni-Julayi amakhosazana amancane ase-spirea unomqhele oyindilinga omkhulu kunamamitha ububanzi, amaqabunga aluhlaza we-ellipsoid nezimbali ezibomvana.
Spirea Shirobana (genpei) isihlahla esincane (esingaphansi kwamamitha ukuphakama) sinamahlamvu amancane aluhlaza, izimbali ezimhlophe nezibomvana, eziqhakaza ehlobo ehlobo.
Ibanga spirea ilangabi legolide inobude obungu-80 cm, amahlamvu aguqula umbala usuka ku-orenji-owolintshi uye kolintshi ogcwele satshanyana ekwindla nezimbali ezincane ezibomvu noma ezipinki.
Spirea Crispa ngisho iphansi - ifinyelela ku-50 cm ukuphakama - ngomqhele oyindilinga, iziqu eziqonde, zithweswe izambulela zokukhanya kwama-pink inflorescences.
Ihlobo ebusika kunazo zonke ebusika futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha - macrophile spirea - Ikhula ngamamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama, ukuqhakaza ngoJuni-Agasti nge-pink corymbose inflorescences, nayo ivelele ngokuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezinkulu (kuze kufike ku-20 cm ubude) namahlamvu anqwabelene, anombala obomvu entwasahlobo, maphakathi nehlobo iba luhlaza, ngenkathi ekwindla luphuzi golide.
Spirea Goldmound - ifomu elimfushane alikho ngaphezu kwama-25 cm amade, liqhakaza kusukela maphakathi noJulayi ngama-inflorescence amancane apinki, anamahlamvu aluhlaza aphuzi okwegolide kanye nokubukeka kwesihlahla.
Ibanga spirea albiflora (noma nje - mhlophe) iphakeme kancane (ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angama-60), inamahlamvu aluhlaza okweqanda futhi ahlukile ngokungafani kuziqhakaza eziqhakaza ihlobo njengoba kujwayelekile ngezimbali ezigeleza entwasahlobo - zimhlophe qhwa, ngenkathi esigabeni sezimbali isihlahla sikhipha iphunga elimnandi.
Spirea Bumalda
Uhlobo oluqhakaza ngoJuni-Septhemba, olunesihlahla esiqinile esingamamitha ayi-1, amahlamvu obomvu, ama-inflorescence ambozwe ngesihlangu ngombala wepinki-lilac neziqu ezinemibala ehlukahlukene (abasha banombala oluhlaza okotshani, asebekhulile ngombala onsundu, obomvana) .
Spirea loosestrife -kukhulu, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha ama-2, nobude bamaqabunga buyi-10 cm, iziqu zibomvu ziqonde, kanti nezimbali ezihlelwe kuma-inflorescence zibonakala ngemibala emhlophe ne-pink.
I-Birch leaf spirea - oqanjwe ngemuva kokufana kwamahlamvu kuya ku-birch, kubonakaliswa isihlahla esingaphansi kwamamitha ukuphakama, umqhele oyindilinga, isiqu esigoqiwe, amahlamvu aphuzi agqamile, ama-inflorescence amhlophe amnyama apinki futhi aqhakaza ngoJuni kusukela eminyakeni engu-4.
Spirea Douglas - kusuka eNyakatho Melika, ngeziqu ezi-brown-red redescent, amahlamvu angamabala angalingani namazinyo angalingani nezimbali ezipinki, zijabulisa iso kusukela ngoJulayi cishe izinsuku ezingama-45.
Spirea Billard - i-hybrid eqinile ebusika ebandayo yabathandi bemifino neDouglas, ekhula kahle eningizimu yezintaba zaseCaucasus, eSifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk, amamitha ayi-2 ubude, inamagatsha aqhakaza izimbali, amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakaza kakhulu (cishe amasentimitha ayi-10), izimbali ezibomvana ezikhanyayo ezakha imibala emincane yephiramidi, ukuqhakaza kusuka ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kwesithwathwa.
I-Dwarf Spirea - futhi i-hybrid, ngakolunye uhlangothi - hhayi ebusika-i-hardy, ayitholakali engadini, ngokwegama ibizwa ngayo ngesiqu esifushane (20-30 cm), amahlumela anyakazayo, ama-oval oval serated masamba asemaphethelweni ngamaphoyinti ngamathiphu (ubude bamaqabunga lisuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-1.5 cm, umbala - grey nge-pubescence kusuka ngaphansi nokuluhlaza ngaphezulu) nokumhlophe, njengasezinhlotsheni eziqhakaza intwasahlobo, izimbali eziqhakaza ama-inflorescence athukile aqhuma engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni.
I-Spirea ejwayelekile
Hlukanisa ukubuka i-guinea spiraeanoma kunalokho - vesicle, edume ngokuthi "meadowsweet", Kodwa-ke, uma ngabe uyazi ukwahlukaniswa okusemthethweni kwalezi zitshalo, kuvela ukuthi zimelela umndeni owodwa (rosaceae), kepha izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile - i-cysticis ne-spiraea.
Bubble ikhula empumalanga North America. Ngokuqhathanisa ne-spirea, iphakeme ngendlela emangalisayo, ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amathathu, inezikhala, amagatsha aqothula, akha umqhele omnyama, we-hemispherical. Amahlamvu, ngasikhathi sinye, awafani ngobukhulu obukhulu - ubude obu-4 cm, enemiphetho eyenziwe ngamakamela neserated, ingaphezulu lamaqabunga aluhlaza kanti ezansi alula, kwesinye isikhathi kube nokukhanya okuncane.
Ububanzi bezimbali ngokunikeza ubukhona kinship nge-spirea bungu-1,2 cm, bamhlophe noma bapinki ngombala, babuthana kuma-corymbose inflorescence. Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngokumelana nesithwathwa kanye nenkathi yezimbali emifushane ehambelana nama-spirees - cishe amasonto ama-3.
Ukutshala kwe-Spirea nokunakekela emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuthola isihlahla esinempilo nesinamandla se-spirea emhlabathini ovulekile, akudingeki amakhono akhethekile. Kodwa, ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo zamaJapan, kunemithetho ethile yokushiya. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kufakiwe kuhlu lokuqhakaza kwehlobo, okusho ukuthi kungcono ukutshala entwasahlobo, futhi udinga ukuba nesikhathi sokukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Isikhathi esihle sibhekwa njengokuhlwa, esimeni sezulu esihle.
I-Photophilousness yesitshalo inquma ukukhula kwayo okuhle endaweni enelanga, kepha umthunzi oyingxenye nawo ufanelekile. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwezithombo kuyadingeka ukuze kube khona izimpande ezilimele, okumele zisikwe kusetshenziswa i-pruner. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, izimpande ziphathwa ngempande noma nge-heteroauxin ngokwemiyalo.
Lapho utshala, intamo yezimpande ifakwa ngaphandle komhlabathi. Umgodi wokufika uqobo udinga ukudwengulwa usayizi odlula usayizi wezimpande okungenani izikhathi ezi-2. Ngemuva kwalezi zinqubo zonke, umgodi ukhula ngomngcele wesihlahla futhi uniselwe kahle kuze kube yilapho umhlaba usuhlala.
I-Meadowsweet futhi imele umndeni we-Pink, ukhule ngesikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela endle ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi, kepha kudinga ukuhambisana nemithetho yesondlo. Zonke izincomo ezidingekayo zokukhulisa nokunakekela lesi sitshalo zingatholakala kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela i-spirea
Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwezimpande lwezinhlwayi alungene lujule emhlabathini, akulula ngabo ukubekezelela inhlabathi eyomile, bese ziqala ukuzomisa.
Ngokunikezwe lokhu, kufanele ulinganise isitshalo ngezikhathi ezomile ngamalitha ayi-15 amanzi esihlahleni kabili ngenyanga.
Inhlabathi ye-spirea
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi akunandaba kangako, kepha emhlabathini ovundile, ohlanzekile, omile ngokulingana, i-spirea izobuna kakhulu. Kunconywa ukufaka umhlabathi ompofu nge-peat noma ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-sheet enhlabathi futhi, uma kunesidingo, kuhlomisa imisele ngamatshe amatshe noma ngezitini eziphukile.
Kwi-spirea yaseJapan, ukhula kanye nokukhulula komhlaba ngezikhathi ezithile, olungiselela ukuhamba komoya ezimpandeni, nakho kubalulekile.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Spirea ekwindla
Ukudlulisa nokuhlukanisa isihlahla kubaluleke kakhulu uma lesi sitshalo sineminyaka engu-3-4 ubudala. Ezimweni ezinamacala amadala, konke kuyinkimbinkimbi ngenxa yokuthi inhlama yobumba iba nkulu, futhi kunzima ukuyisebenzisa.
Esikhathini sekwindla, izithombo zesimbali zentwasahlobo kanye nezasehlobo zitshalwa. Njengokujwayelekile, ukufika kwe-ekwindla kwenziwa kanye nokufakelwa kwe-Delenok ngaphambi kokuphela kwamaqabunga. Isihlahla simbiwa emisebeni engaba ngaphezu kwesigamu somfanekiso, futhi uma izimpande zidinga ukugawulwa, isitshalo ngeke sithinteke.
Ngemuva kokususa isihlahla, kufanelekile ukusabalalisa uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande - hhayi izilwane ezincane ezikhula kakhulu zibekwe esitsheni esigcwele amanzi, inhlabathi ivunyelwe ukuqina futhi ixazulule bese uhlelo lwezimpande luhlanzwa ngamanzi agobhozayo. Ukusika kwenziwa ngama secateurs ngokwakhiwa kwezingxenye ezingama-2-3 nge-lobe enhle yezimpande kanye neziqu eziqinile ezingama-2-3. Izimpande ezifana nezintambo kufanele zidalulwe, lonke uhlelo lwezimpande luqonde lonke (lokhu kungenziwa ngisho nangesikhathi sokugeza).
Emgodini owembiwe phakathi, kuthululelwa umgoqo emhlabathini, kubekwa isithombo kuwo bese izimpande ziphinde zembeswe, bese imbozwe ngenhlabathi, indawo engaphezulu kwayo okufanele ichotshozwe. Izitshalo ezidlulisiwe ziniselwa kaningi. Entwasahlobo, zingatshalwa kuphela izinhlobo zezimbali ezisehlobo. Izithombo ezithengiwe kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela - kufanele zibe ngaphandle kwezimpande ezomile, ezineziqu eziguquguqukayo eziqukethe amahlumela anamandla.
Umanyolo weSpirea
Lapho utshala, kunconywa ukuthi kwethulwe umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi osebenzisa isikhathi eside i-AVA ngobungako bezipuni ezi-1 zamalanu ukuze kuqinisekiswe umsoco ofanayo wesitshalo iminyaka engama-2-3.
Le ngubo ephezulu izonikeza isisetshenziswa ngayo yonke imifino yama-macro- nama-microelements adingekayo, ngaphandle kwe-nitrogen, engangezwa ngokuhlukile entwasahlobo kanye namaminerali (amagremu ama-30 we-urea noma amagremu ayi-100 e-kemira ngemitha yesikwele) noma i-organic (umquba onobukhulu obungama-cm cm) womquba.
Isihlahla sokuthena
Pruning spirea kungenye yamaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu ukuyinakekela. Ngosizo lwayo, abalimi bavuna ubuhle bamafomu nokuqhakaza okugcwele kwalezi zitshalo unyaka nonyaka.
Inqubo kufanele iqale ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ukususa iziqu ezibuthakathaka nezifile ezithi zikhule zibe ngama-buds aqinile. Izinhlobo ezihlobene nobudala (iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-4) zidinga ukunqunywa kakhulu - ngu-20-25 cm ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi.
Spiraea ekwakhekeni komhlaba
Amanani ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene anganikeza isikhathi sezimbali eside kakhulu - kusuka ngoMeyi kuze kube uSepthemba. Izinhlobo ezintsha ezinamahlamvu wokuhlobisa zizongeza ubuhle ekubunjweni ngisho ekwindla sekwedlule.
Umphumela omangalisayo wokutshala kwamaqembu amakhulu we-spirea, i-lilac nokuhlekisa nge, ngokwesibonelo, iminduze yesigodi ibonakaliswa unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwalokho, kobusika. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbala wokugcina ukhethwa ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo zesipera, futhi, ngokunikezwa ukukhetha kwabo okubanzi, ngeke kube nzima ukufeza uhlelo.
Ukulungiselela kwasebusika kwe-Spirea
I-Spirea yaseJapan impela imelana neqhwa (ezinye izinhlobo zayo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla zihlukaniswa ngokuqina okukhethekile kwasebusika). Kodwa-ke, ukukhosela ebusika ngeke kumvimbe, ikakhulukazi, uma sikhuluma nge-shrub encane.
Qinisekisa ngokuphelele ubusika obuphumelelayo be-spirea yamaJapan (njengoba, ngeshwa, amaNippons, iBumalda) angakwazi ukuthi amahlumela agobele phansi. Ukuphina kwabo nokumboza ngamaqabunga owomile kungqimba ka-10-15 cm.
Ukusakazeka kwe-spirea ngokusika
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-spirai, ngaphezu kokwahlukaniswa kwesihlahla okuchazwe ngenhla, kungenzeka ngezindlela zokusika kanye nembewu. Ama-cutways anikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu - ukubamba kwezimpawu ngokutholakala kwama-70% ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isishukumisi sokukhula.
Izinhlobo zezimbali ezigeleza entwasahlobo zinqunywa ekuqaleni kukaJuni, kanti nezinhlobo eziqhakaza ehlobo ngasekupheleni kukaJuni noma ngenyanga ezayo. Ngo-ekwindla, izithombo zizonikwa izimbali, futhi zingagxila (usuku olusondele lungoSepthemba-Okthoba).
Ngemuva kokusika ihlumela lonyaka eliqondile, linqunywa kwizigaba ezinamaqabunga ama-5-6. Amashidi asengxenyeni engezansi yesigaxa kufanele asuswe nge-petioles, okusele kufanele kunqunywe ngo-1/2, bese ubeka ukusikeka amahora ayi-12 epin encibilikisiwe (1 ml ngama-2 amalitha amanzi).
Ngaphambi kokutshala umhlanga ebhodweni lwesihlabathi esiminyene, ngeke kube yinto enhle ukufafaza i-node yayo engezansi nempande. I-angle yokufakelwa - 30-45 °. Kuyadingeka futhi ukunikeza isembozo, esingasebenza njengengilazi noma ifilimu.
Imbiza kufanele ime emthunzini, izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, izimbumbulu zidinga ukufafazwa ngamanzi. Ngokuqala kwesithwathwa, izithombo zisikiwe engadini, zimbozwe ngamaqabunga, zibekwe ngaphezulu kwebhokisi phansi ezansi phezulu nangakwesokunxele kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Ngonyaka olandelayo, abasiki bengqephu bazothola iziqu ezintsha futhi bayobe sebelungele ukutshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
I-spiraea yembewu
Ama-nzalo awakwazi ukusakazwa ngendlela yembewu, ngoba iholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimpawu zokuhlukahluka. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo emabhokisini nge-substrate enenhlabathi eshidi noma i-peat enomoya omuhle.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ingaphezulu le substrate liyanyiswa, bese lifafazwa kancane nge-peat noma ngomhlaba. Izithombo zizohluma wonke ndawonye (amathuba ezithombo angama-50-100%). Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-8-10, emva kwalokho kunconyelwa ukubaphatha ngokushesha nge-foundationazole (amagremu ama-20 ngama-10 amalitha - ngamamitha ayi-3 wesifunda) ukuvikela ngokumelene nesikhunta.
Ngonyaka wokuqala, i-spirea etshalwe ngale ndlela izokwakha ukhipha umoya owodwa ngaphandle kwamagatsha kanye nohlelo lwezimpande oluqukethe izimpande zentambo nezinye eziningana ezilandelanayo.
Izithombo zintshontsha ezinyangeni ezingama-2-3 ngemuva kokuvela (noma ngonyaka wesibili, uma izithombo zibuthakathaka). Ngabe kungcono ukwenzani ngesikhathi esinamafu noma kusihlwa. Ayasuswa, izimpande zincwetshwe kancane bese zithuthelwa ziye embhedeni, lapho-ke zidedelwa ngokucophelela, zithambile bese zithambile. Ngonyaka wokuqala, isithombo sizofinyelela ekukhuleni okungama-5-10 cm, futhi ngonyaka wesibili ukukhula kwayo kuzoshesha.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Spirea ayifuni ukuhlaselwa yiziphi izinambuzane, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kokuhlobisa akuxhomekile ikakhulukazi emathonyeni angaphandle. Enye yezitshalo ezithinta kakhulu isicabucabu mite, izinsikazi zazo ezichitha ubusika ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, futhi ngoMeyi zihlala ngaphansi kwamaqabunga amancanyana.
Ukuvela kwezindawo ezimhlophe ezinhlangothini ezingenhla zamaqabunga kukhombisa ukunqotshwa, kungokwangempela phuzi ophuzi, yomile futhi crumble. Okungijabulisa kakhulu, inkathazo iyabonakala ngoJulayi-Agasti, ikakhulukazi uma ihlobo loma.
Ukusebenzelana kahle nale nkinga kuzosiza i-accrex (0.2%). Kungcono ukungahlehlisi ukwelashwa - kufanelekile ukuqala lapho kunezinambuzane ezingama-2-3 emaqabungeni.
