Khula utamatisi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo

Ukunakekela izithombo

Izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuvela, uhlelo lwamaqabunga lukhula kancane. Izinsuku ezilandelayo eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-20, ukukhula kumakwe kakhulu, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-35 kuye kwezingu-40 kusuka ekuveleni kwezithombo, ukuphakama nosayizi wamaqabunga kukhula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ukuze izithombo zingelula, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izimo zokukhanya, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa nokuqina. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo izinsuku ezingama-7, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa phakathi nosuku, u-16-18 ° C, futhi ebusuku u-13-15 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho ingakhushulelwa ku-18 - 20 ° C phakathi nosuku kuze kube ngu-15 - 16 ° C ebusuku. Le ndlela ibonwa kuze kube yilapho izithombo zikhula ebhokisini kuze kufike ephepheni lesibili noma lesithathu leqiniso - cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-35 emva kokuhluma. Ngalesi sikhathi, izithombo ziniselwa izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3, zihlanganiswa nokugqoka kwezimpande. Kulesi simiso sokunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhanya okuphansi (Mashi), izithombo eziqinile ziyakhula. Isikhathi sokuqala wanisela kancane lapho kuvela zonke izithombo. Ngokwesibili ziniselwa ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-1 - 2, zihlanganiswa nokugqoka okuphezulu esigabeni seqabunga elilodwa langempela. Isikhathi sokugcina sanisela amahora angama-3 ngaphambi kokukhetha (ukufakelwa) kwezithombo.

Utamatisi egatsheni. © rennae

Amanzi kufanele abe nokushisa okungu-20 ° C futhi alungiswe. Ukuze kungawi ngaphezulu kwamaqabunga, kungcono ukunisela ngaphansi kwezimpande.

Amabhokisi noma amabhokisi cishe nsuku zonke adinga ukuguqulwa ngakolunye uhlangothi kufasitela lewindi - lokhu kuzovimbela izithombo ukuthi zelulekele kolunye uhlangothi.

Awukwazi ukufaka ibhokisi ngokuqondile ku-windowsill, kungcono kuhlobo oluthile lokuma, ukuze ukufinyelela komoya ohlelweni lwezimpande kungakhawulelwe. Lapho izithombo zizoba nepheshana le-1 langempela, yenza ukugqokwa kwezimpande eziphezulu: ithisipuni elilodwa lomanyolo wohlobo lwe-Agricola-Forward luhlanjululwe kumalitha ama-2 amanzi. Lokhu kugqoka okuphezulu kuthuthukisa ukukhula kwezithombo futhi kuqinisa nohlelo lwezimpande.

Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa lapho kuvela iqabunga leqiniso lesithathu: 1 tbsp. ukhezo ezingeni lezidakamizwa "Barrier". Kufakwa ngezixazululo ngokucophelela.

Izithombo ezinamaqabunga ayi-2 kuya kwayi-3 ayiqiniso zingena zingene ezimbizeni eziyi-8 x 8 noma 10 × 10 cm, lapho zizokhula khona ngezinsuku ezingama-22 - 25 kuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amabhodwe agcwele enye yezinhlanganisela zenhlabathi ezinconyiwe futhi aniselwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate - 0.5 g nge-10 l lamanzi (22 - 24 ° C). Lapho sithatha izithombo, kwenziwa izitshalo ezigugayo nezibuthakathaka.

Uma izithombo zelulwe kancane, khona-ke isiqu lapho singena ezimbizeni singagxiliswa isigamu, kodwa hhayi ngamaqabunga ahlanganisiwe, futhi uma izithombo zingaluliwe, khona-ke isiqu asingcwatshwanga emhlabathini.

Ngemuva kokukhetha izithombo emabhodweni, izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-3 zigcina izinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku lu-20- 22 ° C, bese kuthi ebusuku kube ngu-16 - 18 ° C. Lapho nje izithombo sezikhula, izinga lokushisa liyancipha phakathi nosuku lube ngu-18 - 20 ° C, ebusuku liye ku-15 - 16 ° C. Nisela izithombo ezimbizeni kanye ngesonto kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi imanzi ngokuphelele. Ngokunisela okulandelayo, inhlabathi kufanele isomile kancane, qiniseka ukuthi awekho amakhefu amade wokuchelela.

Ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ngemuva kokukhethwa, izithombo ziyondliwa: ithisipuni elilodwa le-nitrophoska noma le-nitroammophoski noma isipuni esisodwa se-Signor Tomato Umanyolo we-organic uthathwa nge-1 litre lamanzi. Chitha ngengilazi ezimbizeni ezi-3. Izinsuku ezingama-6-7 ngemuva kokugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu, kwenziwa owesibili. Kwelitha elilodwa lamanzi, ithisipuni elilodwa lommanyolo ka-Agricola-5 noma Umanyolo omuhle Thela inkomishi eyodwa kwembizeni ezi-2. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-22 ukuya kwezingama-25, izithombo zidluliselwa kusuka kumabhodwe amancane ziye ezinkulukazi (12 × 12 noma 15 × 15 cm ngosayizi). Lapho ufaka, zama ukungazingcwabi izitshalo.

Ngemuva kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa kancane ngamanzi afudumele (22 ° C). Ngemuva kwalokho ungamanzi. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuchelela ngokulinganisela kuyadingeka (isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki). Kumanzi njengoba inhlabathi yomile. Lokhu kuvimbela ukukhula nokukhula kwezithombo.

Abalimi abaningi cishe bazobuza lo mbuzo: kungani udinga ukutshuza izithombo kuqala emabhodweni amancane, bese utshala ezinkulu? Le nqubo ingenziwa futhi hhayi. Kakhulu labo balimi abatshala isitshalo esisodwa kuya kwesibili bayatshalwa. Uma izitshalo ezingama-30 kuye kwezingu-100 sezitshaliwe, ukufakelwa kusuka kumabhodwe kuya kwesinye ezinkulu akudingekile, kuwumsebenzi onzima. Futhi nokho, konke ukufakelwa kuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nezithombo akukhululi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho izitshalo zisemabhodweni amancanyana, zakha uhlelo lwezimpande oluhle ngesikhathi sokuphuza okujwayelekile, ngoba amanzi emabhodweni anjalo awapheli futhi kukhona umoya owengeziwe kuzo. Uma izithombo zifakwe ngokushesha ezimbizeni ezinkulu, kuzoba nzima ukulawula ukuthambisa: amanzi kuzo. Imvamisa kuba nokuchichima kwamanzi, bese uhlelo lwezimpande lukhula ngokuduka kokuntuleka komoya, okuthi-ke, kube nomthelela ongemuhle ekuthuthukisweni kwezithombo (kuyelula kancane). Zama ukungasebenzisi ngokweqile.

Izithombo utamatisi. © Vmenkov

Ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngemuva kokufakelwa, izithombo zidluliselwa emabhodweni amakhulu (okugqokwa kuqala phezulu): isipuni 1 somanyolo we-Agricola Vegeta noma 1 isipuni se-superphosphate ne-potassium sulfate sichitheka ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, uvuse bese uthele izithombo ngesilinganiso sengilazi eyi-1 ebhodweni ngalinye. . Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, kwenziwa ingubo yokugqoka ephezulu yesibili: 40 g yomanyolo womgodi ongu-Agricola-3 noma isipuni somanyolo we-Fertility noma i-Nursing Fertilizer sichithwa ngamalitha ayi-10 bese kuthi ingilazi eyi-1 idliwe isitshalo ngasinye. Lokhu kuzobe kunisela nokugqoka okuphezulu.

Uma inhlabathi emabhodweni yayihlanganiswa ngenkathi kukhula izithombo, engeza inhlabathi ebhodweni eligcwele.

Ezimweni ezingandile, uma izithombo zinde kakhulu, ungasika iziqu zezitshalo zibe izingxenye ezimbili ezingeni leqabunga lesi-4 noma lesi-5. Izingxenye ezisikiwe zezitshalo zibekwa embizeni enesixazululo se-heteroauxin, lapho ngezinsuku ezingama-8-10 izimpande ezisekelweni eziphansi zizokhula zifike kubukhulu obuyi-1-1,5 cm.Zabe lezi zitshalo zitshalwa emiphongolweni yezakhi engu-10 x 10 cm noma ngqo ebhokisini kude ne-10. × 10 noma 12 × 12 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Izitshalo ezitshaliwe zizoqhubeka zikhule njengezithombo ezijwayelekile, ezakhiwe zaba isiqu esisodwa.

Ukusuka ekungeneni kwamaqabunga amane aphansi wesitshalo esilungisiwe esisele ebhodweni, kuzovela amahlumela amasha (ama -onsons) amasha. Lapho zifinyelela kubude obuyi-5 cm, amahlumela amabili aphezulu (isoka lesibili) kufanele ashiywe bese lawo asezansi asuswe. Izingane zokutholwa ezingaphezulu kwesokunxele zizokhula kancane kancane zikhule. Umphumela uba yisithombo esihle. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwezingu-25 ngaphambi kokufika endaweni engapheli.

Lapho izithombo ezinjalo zitshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa, ziyaqhubeka zisakha amahlumela amabili. Ukudutshulwa ngakunye kuboshelwe eceleni ne-twine ku-trellis (wire). Ngokudubula ngakunye, kufinyelela kumabhulashi wesithelo amathathu kuya kwayi-4.

Uma izithombo zikatamatisi zide futhi zinombala oluhlaza okotshani, kuyadingeka ukwenza okugqokwa ngaphezulu kokulungiswa nge-Emerald, isipuni 1 ilitha elilodwa lamanzi - izitshalo zifafazwa izinsuku ezintathu zilandelana noma zigqoke ngaphezulu - (thatha 1 isipuni se-urea noma umanyolo we-kefir wamalitha ayi-10 " Okufanelekile "), usebenzisa ingilazi ebhodweni ngalinye, ubeke amabhodwe izinsuku ezingama-5 - 6 endaweni enamazinga okushisa komoya ubusuku nemini 8 - 10 ° C futhi ungangeni amanzi izinsuku eziningana. Kuyabonakala ukuthi izitshalo ziyeka kanjani ukukhula, ziphenduke zibe luhlaza futhi zithole ngisho nohlaza onsomi. Ngemuva kwalokho, baphinde badluliselwa ezimweni ezijwayelekile.

Uma izithombo zikhula ngokushesha zilimaze izimbali, zenza ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezimpande: thatha izipuni ezintathu ze-superphosphate nge-10 wamalitha amanzi bese usebenzisa ingilazi yalesixazululo ebhodweni ngalinye. Usuku ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, izithombo kufanele zibekwe endaweni efudumele enomoya wokushisa ongu-25 ° C phakathi nosuku, no-20-22 ° C ebusuku futhi zingangeni manzi izinsuku eziningana ukuze zome umhlabathi kancane. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izithombo zijwayelekile, bese kuthi emva kwesonto zidluliselwe ezimweni ezijwayelekile. Esimweni sezulu esishisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-22- 23 ° C phakathi nosuku, 16-16 ° C ebusuku, bese kuthi isimo sezulu esinamafu sincishiswe ngo-17-18 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye ngo-15-16 ° C ebusuku.

Abalimi abaningi bakhala ngokukhula okuncane kwezithombo, kulokhu bakondla nge-stimulator yokukhulisa "iBud" (10 g ngalinye ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) noma ngomanyolo we-liquid "Ideal" (1 isipuni nge-10 wamalitha amanzi).

Ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, izithombo ziqine, okungukuthi, zivula iwindi ubusuku nemini. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele (kusuka ku-12 ° C nangaphezulu), izithombo zikhipha ziye kuvulandi isikhathi esingamahora ama-2-3 izinsuku ezi-2, ziwushiye uvulekile, bese ukhishwa usuku lonke, ungawushiya ubusuku bonke, kepha kufanele umboze ngefilimu . Uma kwenzeka kwehla izinga lokushisa (ngaphansi kuka-8 ° C), izithombo zilethwe kahle egumbini. Izithombo ezinesikhathi esihle zinama-hule aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lapho lukhuni, inhlabathi kumele iniselwe, uma kungenjalo izitshalo ziyothamba.

Ukugcina ama-buds wezimbali kubhulashi bezimbali bokuqala, kuyadingeka ukufafaza izithombo ngesisombululo se-boron (nge-1 litre lamanzi 1 g we-boric acid) noma umlawuli wokukhula ngokulungiselela kwe-Epin ekuseni ngosuku olunamafu, izinsuku ezingama-4-5 ngaphambi kokutshala embhedeni wengadi noma ku-greenhouse. Esimweni sezulu esishisayo, lokhu kungenziwa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushiswa kuzovela emaqabungeni.

Izithombo kufanele ziphakame zibe ngama-25 - 35 cm, zibe namaqabunga akhule kahle ayi-8 - 12 futhi zakha ama-inflorescence (eyodwa noma ezimbili).

Izinsuku ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3 ngaphambi kokutshalwa kwezithombo endaweni engapheli, kunconyelwa ukusika ama-2 kuye kwayi-3 amaqabunga aphansi eqiniso. Lokhu kusebenza kwenziwa ukunciphisa amathuba wezifo, umoya omncane, ukukhanya, okuzoba nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kangcono kwebhulashi lembali yokuqala. Sika ukuze kube neziqu ezinebanga le-1.5 - 2 cm, elizovele lome bese liwa uqobo, futhi lokhu ngeke kulimaze isiqu esikhulu.

Ukutshala unomphela nokunakekela izitshalo

Izithombo esezikhulile zitshalwa ku-greenhouse kusuka ngo-Ephreli 20 kuya ku-Meyi 15. Kusemnandi ngalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi ebusuku, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukulingana nohlaza okuluhlaza okwenziwe ngezingqimba ezimbili zefilimu, ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele libe ngu-2 - 3 cm.Ukulola okunjalo akugcini ngokuthuthukisa umbuso ophefumulayo, kepha futhi kukhulisa nempilo yefilimu yangaphakathi kuze kube sekwephuzile. Ungqimba lwangaphandle lwefilimu lususwa ngo-Juni 1 - 5. I-greenhouse eyenzelwe utamatisi akufanele ibe namafasitela hhayi kuphela ezinhlangothini zombili, kodwa futhi ngaphezulu (1 - 2), ngoba utamatisi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, adinga ukungena komoya ngokucophelela. Ukugwema izifo, akunconywa ukutshala utamatisi endaweni eyodwa eluhlaza okotshani iminyaka eminingana. Imvamisa zishintshana ngamakhukhamba, i.e. isizini eyodwa - ukhukhamba, owesibili - utamatisi. Kepha muva nje, ukhukhamba notamatisi baqala ukuhlaselwa yisifo fungal esifanayo - anthracnose (ukubola kwezimpande). Ngakho-ke, uma utamatisi usahlwanyelwe ngemuva kwamakhukhamba, khona-ke yonke inhlabathi yomhlabathi kufanele isuswe ku-greenhouse, noma okungenani isuse ungqimba lwayo oluphezulu lwe-10-12 cm, lapho kutholakala khona lonke ukutheleleka. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukufafaza inhlabathi ngesixazululo esishisayo (100 ° С) se-sulfate yethusi (1 isipuni ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) noma sinciphise i-80 g yokulungiselela kwe "Khom" ibe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi (40 ° С) bese ufafaza inhlabathi ngesilinganiso esingu-1.5 - 2 l at 10 m.

Utamatisi © Johnson noJohn Johnson

Utamatisi kanye namakhukhamba akitshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa efanayo, ngoba utamatisi adinga umoya omncane owengeziwe, umswakama ophansi kanye nokushisa komoya kuqhathaniswa namakhukhamba. Kodwa-ke, uma kunjalo, lo greenhouse munye, lapho-ke ngaphakathi kuvinjwe ifilimu bese ngakolunye uhlangothi ukhukhamba ukhulile, kanti kolunye - utamatisi.

I-greenhouse kufanele ikhanyiswe ngokuphelele kusukela ekuseni kuze kube kusihlwa yilanga, noma ukuncibilika kancane kwezihlahla noma izihlahla kufaka ukwehla kwesivuno.

Amabhuloho enziwa ngokuhambisana nohlaza abamba ukushisa, inani lawo lixhomeke kububanzi bokugcina ukushisa. Amabreyidi enziwa ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ezinobude obungama-35-40 cm, ububanzi bawo buxhomeke osayizi abamba ukushisa (okuvame ukuba ngama-60-70 cm), indinyana okungenani engama-50-60 cm yenziwe phakathi kweziqongo.

Embhedeni we-loamy noma inhlabathi yobumba engeza ibhakede eli-1 le-peat, sawdust ne-humus nge-1 m2. Uma imibhede yenziwe nge-peat, engeza ibhakede eli-1 le-humus, umhlaba we-sod, i-sawdust noma ama-chip amancane kanye namabhakede angama-0.5 esihlabathi esihlanganayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engeza isipuni esingu-1 se-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate noma izipuni ezimbili ze-nitrophosphate bese usimba konke. Futhi ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo ziniselwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g we-potassium permanganate ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) ekushiseni okungama-40-60 ° C, amalitha ayi-1,0-1,5 ngomunye noma nge-Barrier organic fertilizer (5 tbsp.spoons ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi) . Ama-40 g ka-Agricola-3 Umanyolo owenziwe ngogesi afakwe emanzini ayi-10 l hhayi emithonjeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nemibhede iyathelwa ngesisombululo esifudumele (30 ° C).

Izithombo ezingakhuli kakhulu (25-30 cm) zitshalwa zibheke phezulu, zigcwalisa imbiza kuphela ngengxube yenhlabathi. Uma ngasizathu simbe izithombo zidwebe ku-35-45 cm bese isiqu singcwatshwa ngesikhathi sokutshala enhlabathini, khona-ke leli yiphutha. Isiqu esimbozwe ngengxube yenhlabathi ngokushesha sinikeza izimpande ezengeziwe, ezivimba ukukhula kwesitshalo futhi zibe nomthelela ekuweni kwezimbali ebhulashi lokuqala. Ngakho-ke, uma izithombo sezikhulile, khona-ke ngikucebisa ukuthi uyitshale ngokulandelayo. Yenza umgodi ube ngu-12 cm ngokujulile, kuwo umgodi wesibili ujule ekuphakameni kwembiza, ubeke imbiza enezithombo kuyo bese ugcwalisa umgodi wesibili ngomhlaba. Umgodi wokuqala usavuliwe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-12, ngokushesha nje lapho izithombo zikhula kahle, amboze umgodi ngomhlaba.

Uma izithombo selulelwe ku-100 cm, kufanele zitshaleke embhedeni ukuze phezulu zikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-30 cm enhlabathini.Izithombo kufanele zitshalwe emgqeni owodwa phakathi kombhede. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kufanele libe ngu-50 cm. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izikhonkwane ezinobude obungekho ngaphezu kwama-60 cm zifakwa embhedeni kude nebanga elifanele. Okulandelayo, kusuka esikhonkwaneni ngasinye, yenza umsele wobude obungu-70 kanye nokujula okungama-5 - 6 cm (ngaphandle kwesimo uma izithombo zingatshalwa emhlabathini ngokujula okukhulu , ngoba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo umhlaba awukafudumali futhi izimpande ngeziqu zibola, izithombo ziyafa). Ekupheleni kwe-groove, bamba umgodi ukubeka imbiza ngohlelo lwezimpande. Umgodi kanye nomcengezi kuthelwa ngamanzi, kubekwa imbiza enezimpande futhi embozwe inhlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, isiqu esingenamacembe sibekwa emacembe (ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezine ngaphambi kokutshala, amahlamvu asikwa ukuze iziqu ezi-2 - 3 cm zihlale ezansi kwesiqu esiyinhloko, esomile nezinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, bese ziwela kalula ngaphandle kokulimaza isiqu. ) Ngokulandelayo, isiqu silungiswa ezindaweni ezimbili ngocingo oluyisiyingi se-aluminium, embozwe ngenhlabathi futhi sanyathelwa kancane. Isiqu esisele (amasentimitha angama-30) esinamaqabunga kanye nebrashi yezimbali sinamathiselwe ngokukhululekile i-polyethylene twine kwizikhonkwane.

Ungakhohlwa ukuthi umbhede otshalwe izithombo zikatamatisi ezikhulwe ngaphezulu kwenkathi yehlobo awukhululiwe, awukhuli. Uma isiqu esiniselekiwe siveziwe ngesikhathi sokunisela, kuyadingeka ukufaka i-mulch (engeza) ungqimba (cm 5-6 cm) we-peat noma ingxube ye-peat nge-sawdust (1: 1).

Ama-hybrid nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi amade atshalwa maphakathi imibhede ilandelana noma agxunyekwe emva kuka-50-60 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lingama-80 - 90 cm esikhundleni sama-50 - 60 cm ngokwejwayelekile, khona-ke ngokutshala okungandile okunjalo, isivuno sehla kakhulu, cishe ngesigamu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isitshalo samahhala esivandeni sihlwanyelwe kakhulu, sinika ama -onsons amaningi, amabhulashi amaningi wezimbali, maqondana nokuthi ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kubambezelekile. Ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo aziniselwa izinsuku eziyi-12 kuye kwezingu-15, ukuze zingatuli. Ezinsukwini eziyi-10 - 12 ngemuva kokutshala, izitshalo zamatamatisi ziboshwe ku-trellis 1.8 - 2 m ukuphakama. Utamatisi akhiwa esiqwini esisodwa, kusale amabhlashi wezimbali ayi-7 kuye kwayi-8. Ungashiya indodana eyodwa kuphela ephansi ngebhulashi elilodwa lezimbali, futhi ususe zonke izitebhisi ezivela kuma-axils amaqabunga nezimpande lapho zifinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-8. Lokhu kwenziwa kangcono kakhulu ekuseni lapho ama-stepons ehlukana kalula. Ukuze ugweme ukutheleleka ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izingane zokutholwa azinqunywa, kodwa zidilizwe zihlangothini ukuze ijusi lesitshalo lingangeni eminweni, ngoba lesi sifo singadluliswa sisuka kwisitshalo esinezifo sisiya kwesinye esinempilo ngesandla. Amakholomu kusuka ku-stepons ashiya ukuphakama okungu-2 - 3 cm.

Thambisa izimbali phakathi nosuku esimweni sezulu esishisayo selanga, unikine amabhulashi imbali. Ukuze impova ikhule kulolukhuni lwe-pestle, kubalulekile ukunisela inhlabathi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzamazama noma ukuwufafaza ngamanzi ngokufafaza kahle ezimbalini. 2 amahora emva kokunisela, yehlisa umswakama womoya ngokuvula iwindi nomnyango. Ukugudla kuyimpoqo, ikakhulukazi esigabeni sezimbali sotamatisi. Ngokwengeziwe emafasiteleni aseceleni, amafasitela angenhla kufanele avulwe ukuze kungabikho kuncipha kwifilimu (amaconsi amanzi).Inhlabathi enamanzi inciphisa okuwukuphela kokuqukethwe noshukela ezithelo zamatamatisi, iba yi-asidi futhi inamanzi, futhi ibe nenyama encane. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukunikeza ukunisela okunjalo lapho kuzokwazi ukuthola isivuno esikhulu futhi hhayi ukunciphisa ikhwalithi yezithelo.

Utamatisi ku-greenhouse. © uJonathan

Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, izitshalo ziniselwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha - eziyisikhombisa ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-4 - 5 nge-1 m2, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali kuze kufike ekwakhiweni kwezithelo - amalitha ayi-10 - 15 nge-1 m2. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi kufanele libe ngu-20 - 22 ° С. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, inani lokunisela liyanda.

Ezingadini zokugcina amafilimu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni futhi kugwenywe kusihlwa, ukuze kungadaleki umswakama owedlulele, onomthelela ekwakhekeni nasekuthambekeni kwamaconsi e-condensate namanzi ebusuku ezitshalweni, okuyingozi kakhulu kubo emazingeni okushisa aphansi ebusuku.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula udinga ukwenza ukugqokwa kokudla okungu-4 - 5.

Ukudla utamatisi

Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngezinsuku ezingama-20 ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezithombo endaweni ehlala njalo: 1 tbsp. isipuni se-Signor Tomato no-Agricola Vegeta omanyolo we-organic, chitha ilitha eli-1 ngesitshalo esisodwa.

Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-8 - 10 emva kokuqala: 1 tbsp. isipuni se-Signor Tomato Umanyolo we-organic kanye no-20 g we-Umanyolo womanyolo we-Agricola-3, konke kuxutshwe kahle, kanti nekhambi elisebenza nge-5 l nge-1 m2 liyadliwa.

Ukondla kwesithathu kwenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-10 ngemuva kwesibili: 2 tbsp. wezipuni of Nitrofoski Umanyolo kanye 1 tbsp. isipuni somanyolo womuthi "Okufanele"

Ingubo yesine ephezulu yenziwa ezinsukwini eziyi-12 ngemuva kwesithathu: amalitha ayi-10 amanzi axutshwe ne-1 tbsp. isipuni se-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate noma i-40 g ka-Umanyolo womquba "we-Agricola-3", bonke bavuswe, basebenzise isixazululo samalitha ayi-5 - 6 nge-1 m2.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwesihlanu kwenziwa okokugcina: ama-2 tbsp ahlukaniswa ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi. wezipuni of Signor Utamatisi Umanyolo eziphilayo, sichitha 5 - l ngamunye 1 m2.

Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa ngenkathi yokukhula cishe izikhathi ezingama-5-6:

Isixazululo somuthi "uBud" (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza).
Isixazululo somuthi "i-Epin" (ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezilungiselelo zezithelo).
Isixazululo somuthi "i-Emerald" (ngaphambi kokuqhakaza nangesikhathi sokufakwa kwezithelo).
Isixazululo se-Agricola-3 (kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka).
Isixazululo se "Agricola Fruit" (ukusheshisa ukuvuthwa kwezithelo).

Izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokukhula okujwayelekile kanye nezithelo zomatamatisi ngama-20 - 25 ° C phakathi nosuku kanye no-18 - 20 ° C ebusuku.

Ngesikhathi sokukhulisa izithelo, utamatisi unikezwa isisombululo esilandelayo: ilitha elilodwa lamanzi, thatha isipuni esisodwa se-Signor Tomato Umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-isipuni esisodwa se-Ideal. Amanzi amalitha ama-5 nge-1 m2. Lokhu kugqoka okuphezulu kusheshisa ukulayisha kwezithelo.

Abalimi banemibuzo eminingi ngokunakekela utamatisi: izimbali ziyawa, amaqabunga akhula, njll. Yebo, uma, ngasizathu simbe, ukukhula kwamatamatisi kuphazamiseka futhi kumisiwe, khona-ke lokhu kuthinta kakhulu ukwakheka kwesitshalo kanye ne-inflorescence, i.e. . kwakhiwa izithelo ezimbalwa kubhulashi bezimbali, okunciphisa kakhulu umkhiqizo. Isibonelo, uma amaqabunga aphezulu katamatisi ahlanekezelwa njalo, kukhona ukukhula okusheshayo, futhi isitshalo sinamandla, iziqu zikhulu, amaqabunga aluhlaza, mkhulu, amnandi, i.e., njengoba abalimi bethi ukukhathala, khona-ke isitshalo esinjalo ngeke sithele isivuno, ngoba konke kuya kusisindo semifino, kuya imifino. Izitshalo ezinjalo, njengomthetho, zakha ibhulashi yezimbali elibuthakathaka ngenani elincane lezimbali. Lokhu kwenzeka kusuka kokunisela okuningi lapho kufakwa imithamo emikhulu ye-nitrogen ne-organic fertilizer kanye nokuntuleka kokukhanya. Ukuqondisa izitshalo ezinjalo, okokuqala, azidingi ukuniselwa izinsuku ezingama-8-10, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele lenyuswe ngezinsuku eziningana phakathi nosuku liye ku-25 - 26 ° C, futhi ebusuku liye ku-22 - 24 ° C. Kuyadingeka ukuphenya izimbali zalezi zitshalo ngokunembile - kwisimo sezulu esifudumele kusuka emahoreni ayi-11 kuye kwayi-13, emabhulashini wezimbali ngesandla. Futhi ukubuyiselwa emuva kokukhula, bakha ukugqokwa kwezimpande eziphezulu nge-superphosphate (ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi udinga ukuthatha izipuni ezi-3 ze-superphosphate, ngesilinganiso se-1 litre kwisitshalo ngasinye). Futhi ngesikhathi esifushane, izitshalo zihleliwe.

Kwenzeka ukuthi amaqabunga ezitshalo aqondiswe phezulu nge-engela ebukhali futhi angaphenduki ubusuku nemini. Izimbali nezithelo ezincane zivame ukuwa ezitshalweni ezinjalo. Izizathu zalokhu zingumhlabathi owomile, ukushisa okuphezulu ku-greenhouse, umoya omncane ophansi, ukukhanya okuphansi.

Kulokhu, kuyaphuthuma ukunisela izitshalo, kwehlise izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse, ku-ventilate, njll. Ezitshalweni ezikhule kahle, amacembe aphezulu asonteka phakathi nosuku, futhi aqonde ebusuku, izimbali aziweli, ziphuzi ngokugqamile ngombala, zinkulu, ziningi zazo kubhulashi bezimbali . Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sithola konke okudingekayo ukuze sikhule: ukukhanya, umsoco, njll. Ezitshalweni ezinjalo, zithola isivuno esihle.

Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi izithelo ezinhle ezinhle zithululelwa kubhulashi lokuqala, futhi ukugcwalisa kuhamba kancane kumabhulashi wesibili nawesithathu. Ukuze usheshise ukugcwaliswa emabhulashini wezimbali wesibili nelesithathu futhi uthuthukise ukuqhakaza okulandelayo, kubalulekile ukususa isivuno sokuqala kubhulashi lokuqala ngokushesha, ngaphandle kokulinda izithelo ukuba zibomvu. Izithelo ezivuniwe nsundu zivuthwa ngokushesha efasiteleni elangeni. Ngokushesha emva kokuvuna, nisela inhlabathi ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 - 12 amanzi ayi-1 m2. Ama-Stepsons namaqabunga awanqunywa, izinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse liyancishiswa libe ngu-16 - 17 ° C (amafasitela avulekile nezicabha), ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, isivuno sakhiwa ngokushesha kumabhulashi alandelayo futhi sigcina usesikhathini.

Uma endaweni ebamba ukushisa okusha izitshalo zizacile, zinama-internode amade, ibhulashi lembali engaxhunyiwe kanye nenani elincane lezithelo, kusho ukuthi izihlahla noma ama-berry bush akhula azungezile, ukuvimbela ukungena kokukhanya. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuvuna kule ndawo eluhlaza ngokushisa kuzoba ngaphansi kwezikhathi eziphindwe kathathu kune-greenhouse ekhanyiswe ilanga. Ngakho-ke, khumbula ukuthi utamatisi yisiko lokuthatha izithombe elikhulu kunazo zonke. Kusukela elangeni nezithelo zimnandi.

Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala samatamatisi

Ukuthola isivuno sokuqala samatamatisi, izithombo zikhula ngosuku lwangaphambilini. Lapho izithombo sezikhulile, ikhula ngokwengeziwe, okuzovumela ukuthi ususe isivuno sesithelo ngaphambili. Imvamisa, kumatamatisi, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuchumeni, kudlula izinsuku eziyi-110, eziyi-120 noma ezili-130. Lapho udala izimo zangaphandle ezinhle - ukhulisa indawo yokudla okunempilo, ukukhanya, ukushisa, ukuthuthukisa umsoco womhlabathi - ungafushanisa isikhathi kusuka kuzithombo kuya kwezithelo ezivuthiwe ngezinsuku eziyi-10, 15, ezingama-20. Futhi, njengomthetho, ngisho nezithombo ezandisiwe ezineziqu ezincelisiwe zinikeza isivuno esikhulu sezithelo kunokuba zincane, ziqonde, ziphule kalula. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezengeziwe, lapho ihlobo lifushane, iminyaka yezithombo kufanele inyuswe ibe yizinsuku ezingama-70 - 80. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukubi ukusebenzisa ukukhanyisa okwenziwe ngomshini nokugcina izinga lokushisa lehliselwe ku-14 - 15 ° С ebusuku. Ama-hybrids anhlobo lwe-superdeterminant noma uhlobo lokukhula, njengeDruzhok, Yarilo, Semko-Sinbad, Blagovest, Scorpio, Verlioka, Semko-98, Funtik, Ukucinga, uGondola, Gina, iqhaza elikhulu ekutholeni isivuno sokuqala.

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