Gcina ingadi enempilo, lokhu kungumsebenzi onzima womuntu, owandiswa ngolwazi. Umuthi ophilayo ungangenwa yizifo njengathi. Umuntu kuphela ongakhalaza, aye kudokotela, futhi ingadi yezithelo iyolinda buthule usizo. Isiginali sokwenza buthaka kobungqabavu siyoba ukubola kwezithelo, izinambuzane ezandayo kanye nesimo samagxolo. Umgcini wegadi olalelayo uzonquma ukuthi kungani ama-apula ehla esihlahleni sama-apula ekuqaleni kwesimpawu futhi angavumeli ukwehlulwa okujulile.
Ungasithola kanjani isivuno esihle
Umphumela wentwasahlobo, ingadi ehlobo kufanele ibe isivuno esihle sama-apula. Uma ingadi iqhakaze kakhulu, impova kahle, khona-ke umsebenzi wensimu ukulungisa isibeletho. Ukuwa kwamaqanda esikhathini sokuqala ukuzithiba kwesihlahla. Ngeke ithele zonke izithelo. Ngokusho kososayensi, ama-5% kuphela wezimbali aphenduka isivuno se-apula sekwindla. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isivuno sizophula amagatsha ngesisindo saso futhi siwenze buthaka umuthi owondlayo uqobo.
Kungani ama-apula enempilo ewa
Umuthi udinga usizo, uwondle ngokudla, uvikele nezifo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokulima kumele zibhekwe. Kuqukethe umsoco ofanele wesihlahla nokuvikelwa kwawo. Uma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nasezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zehlobo, umuthi uvame ukudliwa ngomanyolo we-nitrogen wamaminerali kanye namaminerali emavikini amabili, kuphakama ukulayishwa kwezithelo, futhi umbuzo wokuthi kungani ama-apula esihlahleni se-apula akhonjiswa esikhathini sokuqala angaze aqhamuke.
Umuthi we-apula onempilo uthela izithelo eziningi njengoba kunokudla okwanele kokudla, umswakama ovela ukuchelela namandla okukhanya.
I-apula elithulwe ngokuzayo lizodinga ukudala ukunambitheka okungenalo i-apula eliluhlaza olungenayo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti, ukwakheka kwezinguqulo eziphezulu kuyashintsha. Manje umuthi udinga i-potassium ne-superphosphate eningi. Lezi zinto zisebenza njengokudla kwesihlahla esikhathini ekwindla, okwandisa ubusika baso obusika. Zibuye zifake isandla ekuthakazelweni kwesimo sezinto eziphilayo nokwenziwa kwama-amino acid, ama-enzyme enza i-apula ibe rosy, inambitheka, iphunga. Yondla umuthi, silindele kuwo isivuno esikhulu sama-apula amnandi ashukela.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ngokunisela isihlahla sama-apula ngesithelo. Ukungawutholi umswakama owenele, ukuze ukwazi ukuzivikela, umuthi udonsela uketshezi esitsheni, ongabangana futhi uwe. Ngakho-ke, ukuthambisa ejwayelekile engadini ngesikhathi sokufesa izithelo kuyadingeka. Kepha izimpande zidinga umoya-mpilo, kanti uma lina lina amaviki, inhlabathi igcwele umswakama, ama-apula wokulahla nawo kungenzeka. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, aeration enhlabathini iyadingeka, satellite yayo ngomoya usebenzisa ukujula okujulile kwesiyingi sesiqu. Akunzima ukufeza lezi zinyathelo, futhi umbuzo wokuthi kungani izithelo zezihlahla zama-apula ziqhekeka azisoze zaphazamisa umhlali onendaba wasehlobo.
Izifo eziholela ekunciphisweni kwezithelo
Noma yisiphi isifo sesihlahla sezithelo siholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno kuzo zonke izigaba. Isifo ngasinye siyasiza. Imvamisa izifo nezinambuzane zisebenza ngokubambisana. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukunakekela ingadi ngokuhambisana nemephu yemisebenzi yezolimo ohlakeni lwesikhathi olunconyiwe.
Ukuze ulondoloze ingadi enempilo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa kanye ne-prophylaxis yokulwa nezifo nezinambuzane ngesikhathi esinconywayo endaweni.
Kungani ama-aphula abola esihlahleni sama-apula futhi kungenzeka ukunqoba lesi sifo? Lokhu kubola kwezithelo noma i-moniliosis kushaya isithelo. Lesi sifo sisikhunta, sisakazeka ngamahlamvu, sidla ubusika e-mycelium emhlabathini nakwimfucumfucu yesitshalo. Ngengozi enkulu izithelo ezingaboli kahle ezingabolile ekwindla engadini. Ngonyaka olandelayo kuzoba nokutheleleka okusha okuvela ezinsaleleni ezingaphezulu. Umgcini wegadi kudingeka ukuthi ahlanze ngokuphelele futhi abulale amagciwane engadini ngemuva kokuvunwa.
I-Moniliosis yesihlahla sama-apula iyasakazeka:
- esimweni sezulu esifudumele;
- ixazululwe ezithelo ezilimele;
- Kudlula kuzithelo ezinempilo uma zithintiwe.
Ukuze ukubola kungathathi isivuno esiningi, ukwelashwa kwesikhunta kwengadi kuyadingeka emasontweni amabili, kumanzise ihlumela ngalinye. Izidakamizwa ezise-Systemic ezivunyiwe ukuthi zisetshenziswe kwiziza ezingekho ngaphansi kwazo yi-Skor, Topaz, Fundazol, Khom. Benza ezinye izifo ezihambisana nokuchitha ama-aphula, ngokwesibonelo, uqweqwe, i-harbinger ye-moniliosis. Ngakho-ke, lapho selashwa nge-fungicides, kukhona ngesikhathi esifanayo umzabalazo wesibazi esihlahleni sama-apula. Noma yiziphi izidakamizwa ezenzelwe ithusi zizosebenza ngempumelelo, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngesikhathi sokwenza izithelo akunasidingo. Amalungiselelo we-Copper asetshenziswa entwasahlobo.
I-Moniliosis yesihlahla sama-aphula iyakhula, kuqala ekwakhekeni kwama-apula anjengotshani. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho kuqala umolt, isibungu sesikhonkwane senza umgodi kukhasi le-apula bese spore singena sijule esithelweni, esikhula singene ku-mycelium sibhubhise i-apula. Amabala ansundu avela kuqala, bese kuba ukugoqa okumpunga okufana nokubumba. Lezi izingxabano ezintsha, ezilungele ukuqaliswa. Uma kukhona ukuxhumana kwesinye isithelo, khona-ke ukutheleleka kuzokwenzeka bese ukubola kuqhubeke kakhulu.
Lokhu kungenzeka emthini ngaphambi kokuvunwa noma lapho izithelo zigcinwa ezimweni zobusika. Ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi zasebusika nezine-acidic, zithambekele ekubambeni kancane, ngoba zinoxhaxha olunobukhulu kanye nesendlalelo se-wax esiminyene esivikela ingane ekuthelelekeni.
Ukubola kwezithelo kungumphumela wokulimazeka kokuqala kwethanga yizinambuzane, isichotho noma ukuthikamezeka kwezinhlobonhlobo, ngenxa yekhasi elincanyana, ukutheleleka ngokuthinta.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okulimaza izithelo futhi okuyimbangela yokuvela kwe-moniliosis, kuhlala kuyingxenye ebalulekile yemisebenzi yezolimo. Zonke izinhlobo zezicupho nokufafazwa kwezihlahla zama-apula kusuka ezinambuzaneni ehlobo ziyisidingo sokugcina ingadi inempilo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela zokulwa ne-codling moth ngasikhathi sinye uvikele impilo yezithelo.
Embuzweni wokuthi kungani ama-apula ehla esihlahleni se-apula, kwatholakala impendulo eyaphinda yaqinisekisa ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kwanoma yisiphi isifo kulele kwizizathu eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuqhekeka kwe-apula kungenzeka uma ukulethwa kwayo kokudla kuqhubeka, isikhumba singakhululeki ngokwanele. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uqweqwe lusebenza ezingxenyeni zesitshalo ukuze ziyeke ukukhula. Izakhi ezingenayo zephula ikhasi, bese umbungu uqhekekile.
Kepha kunezizathu zesimo somzimba. Ngemuva kwesomiso eside, lina kakhulu. Izimpande zashayela amajusi ngamanani amakhulu, kanti nesikhumba, ebesivele sikhathazekile, sasingakwazi ukumelana nengcindezi yangaphakathi. Kungani ama-apula aqhekeza esihlahleni sama-apula esingalimazi lutho kuyacaca kuleli cala. Kwakudingeka ukuhlela ukuchelela ngesomiso futhi ukumboza umbuthano we-basal nge-mulch ukuze ushintsho olubi lomswakama lungenzeki.
Ukuthambekela kokuphamba kungaphezulu kwezithelo ezinesikhumba esibi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukugcina ukuvuna kwezithelo ezivuthiwe esihlahleni isikhathi eside. Bangakwazi nokuqhekeka futhi ukubola.
Isiphetho
Ukuze ungashiyelwa ngaphandle kwesilimo se-apula, kuyadingeka ukuthi wenze izindlela ezilandelayo zokulondolozwa kwengadi kuyo yonke inkathi.
- Ukuqoqwa kwe-Autumn kwazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo nokubhujiswa kwazo ngokushisa. Ukuhlanza amagxolo, ukwelashwa kanye nokucwaswa kwezihlahla ngopende okhethekile. Bamba imibuthano yesiqu.
- Entwasahlobo, umqhele kanye neziqu zemithi kufanele kulungiswe ngaphambi kokuqala kokuphuma kwesiqalo. Futha ngesisombululo esinamandla se-urea. Ku-Isigaxa esiluhlaza, phatha amalungiselelo aqukethe ithusi avela ezifweni zokukhunta.
- Ngemuva kokuqhakaza engadini, yenza izindlela zokwelapha ezivikelayo kanye njalo emavikini amabili, uhlanganise izindlela zokwelapha ezimelana nezifo zokukhunta kanye nezinambuzane. Ungakhohlwa ukondla nokunisela izitshalo ngesikhathi.
Kuhlala nje ukulandela izincomo ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko ukuze ulondoloze ukuvuna kwengadi yakho futhi ujabulise izihlobo zakho ngezithelo ezimnandi.
Ungasithola kanjani isivuno esikhulu sama-apula - ividiyo
//www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rgU_paXkyg
