Phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlobisayo ezihlobisayo azikho izihlahlana nezihlahla eziningi kakhulu. Ukwehluka okuthakazelisa kakhulu kwamaphethini ama-mottled kumaqabunga aphakeme kunikezwa i-aucuba engatheni, kodwa ngenxa yalokho ebaluleke kakhulu. Naphezu kokuba khona kwamajikijolo akhanyayo nezici eziningi ezihlukile, kuyinto efanelekile imidwebo emaqabungeni ukuthi lobu buhle buthathwa njengomunye we-exotic obabazekayo. Ekulinyelweni kwe-aucub - kude nesitshalo esilula. Kepha konke akudingayo ubusika obupholile nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile okujwayelekile.
IJapan Aucuba (Aucuba japonica).
Izitshalo zeGenus I-Aucuba (I-Aucuba) bamele umndeni kusiko lasekamelweni Ama-Garievs (I-Garryaceae), yize ngaphambi kokuthi kuthiwa abakwaKizilovs. Lesi sitshalo singumhlali nje ojwayelekile wama-subtropics anomswakama. Emvelweni, i-Aucubas itholakala kuphela emahlathini ase-East Asia. Baqala ukubheka i-aucuba njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa masisha ngemuva kokungeniswa eYurophu; ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, lesi sitshalo besisabalale kakhulu esikhungweni nasekwindini yezitshalo.
Ama-Aucubas ayizihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza ezihlala ziluhlaza. Noma kunesimo semvelo, ukuphakama kwawo okuphezulu kunqunyelwe kumamitha ayi-3. Amaqabunga ahlala ngokuhlukile, amakhulu, ama-lanceolate noma ama-oval-lanceolate, anephuzu elikhombe. Amahlumela amancanyana kepha aqinile. Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo azivamile, zigcwele izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokuhlobisa ngamachashazi amancanyana amancane noma amakhulu kumaqabunga. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kwe-Aucuba kungadumaza, kepha lapho kukhula izitshalo zowesilisa nabesifazane kanye nokuqothula impova ngemuva kokuba amajikijolo amahle avuthiwe. Ngaphandle, izithelo ze-aucuba zifana kakhulu nezithelo ze-dogwood.
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, ama-aucubas amelelwa isitshalo esithole igama lesidlaliso noma umthi wegolide - aucuba japanese (I-Aucuba japonica) Amahlumela aluhlaza ngisho nangemva kokukhonkotha. Amaqabunga e-oval-lanceolate noma ama-ovate-lanceolate esitshalo abukeka kahle futhi akhanya. Ubude obukhulu bamaqabunga bufika ku-20 cm ngobubanzi obungama-6 cm. Unqenqema lweqabunga lungaba luqinile noma luboshwe. Umbala wesisekelo okhanyayo oluhlaza okotshani, amachashazi namabala osayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kepha ahlala egolide, ayavela. Umdlalo wokudweba okuchaphazelayo endaweni egqamile futhi waba yisizathu sokubonakala kwesidlaliso sokhuni lomvimba. Imidwebo enamachashaza ifana impela nocezwana lwesosi noma ucezu lwedwala elihamba negolide. Ngokupholisa impova emasimini kuboshwe izithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo eziyisisekelo, isitshalo sezinhlobo ezithengiswayo, kuyaqabukela. IJapan Aucuba imelelwa kakhulu izinhlobo nezinhlobo zokuhlobisa. Okudumile namuhla
- hlukanisa ngamachashazi amancane egolide ebusweni bonke beshidi;
- ifomu elidwetshwe elinesikhungo esiphuzi nemiphetho eluhlaza okotshani bamaqabunga amaqabunga;
- ifomu lemabula elinophawu oluhle lukakhilimu-lwegolide emaqabungeni;
- ifomu elinamaqabunga amade elinamaqabunga amancanyana e-lanceolate, langaphandle nje lingikhumbuza imifino;
- ifomu legolide elinamahlamvu cishe aphuzi;
- ifomu lesundu elinemiphetho ehlotshisiwe emisebeni yamaqabunga angama-oval ayindilinga;
- ifomu le-crotonolate elinamabala amhlophe kanye negolide emaqabungeni;
- ezihlukahlukene "I-Gold Dust", lapho ngaphansi kwemidwebo eminingi emaqabungeni imibala emnyama eluhlaza icishe ingabonakali;
- imibala emnyama yeqabunga "Hillieri".
Izinhlobonhlobo zaseJapan zase-Aucuba "i-Dager's's Tiger"
I-Aucuba Japanese ehlukahlukene "Natsu-no-kumo".
I-Aucuba yaseJapan "Ooba Nakafu".
Ngaphezu kweJapan Aucuba, itholakala ngokuthengisiwe futhi I-Aucuba Himalayan (I-Aucuba himalaica) isitshalo esikhudlwana esinokuluhlaza obumnyama, amaqabunga e-lanceolate namajikijolo ekhanyayo e-orange. Amaphethini kumaqabunga ayafiphala, nombala oyisisekelo ngokwawo uthuliswa luhlaza okotshani. Ngenxa yamaqabunga amancanyana nokukhanya okuphansi, kubhekwe njengesitshalo okukhanga kancane.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Aubub ekhaya
Ama-Acebe athathwa njengezitshalo eziqinile futhi ezingatheneki. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuthethelela amaphutha futhi kumelana nezimo eziguqukayo. Eqinisweni, kunobunzima obubodwa bodwa bokukhula lesi sitshalo - ubusika obupholile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezihlukile zokukhanya zijwayela kahle.
Lapho usebenza nge-aucuba, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ubuthi bazo zonke izingxenye zesitshalo futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela isikhumba nolwelwesi lwama-mucous ekuxhumaneni nesitshalo.
Isibani se-Aucuba
Lesi ngesinye sezihlahlana ezingakheki kakhulu ngokukhanyisa. I-Aucuba ikhula kahle kunoma yikuphi ukukhanya - ukukhanya okuhlakazekile (ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile), nasethunzini elithile, nasethunzini. Amandla okubekezelela ukujikijela okuqinile ngaphandle kokwelula ekukhuleni kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sisetshenziswe ngokuklama ekwakhiweni kwengaphakathi lamakamelo. Ukuqhakaza izimbali nezithelo kufikelwa yi-shading, kepha njengoba sekuvele kuncike ekuvinjelweni komhlaba, lo mphumela awuthathwa njengolahleko omkhulu. Ukuqina kombala nenani lamabala kungancipha esithunzini esiqinile.
Ebusika, kungcono ukuhlelela kabusha isitshalo endaweni ekhanyiselwe kakhudlwana, kepha kuphela uma kungenzeka ukuhambisa ishibhi endaweni entsha ngaphandle kokushintsha umbuso wokushisa. Uma ama-aucuba ebusika efudumele, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sivezwa ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okukhanya okugqamile.
Kuma-Aucub, amawindi asenyakatho nokukhanya okufanayo kufana.
IJapan Aucuba (Aucuba japonica).
Ukushisa okunethezekayo
I-Aucuba ingeyizitshalo zasendlini, ukushisa okubekezelela kabi kakhulu. Kuhle ukukhulisa lesi siko ezimweni ezipholile, emazingeni okushisa angama-15 kuye kwangama-18 degrees Celsius, ngisho nangehlobo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lapho lesi sitshalo lingaqali ukusheshisela ubudala futhi lilahlekelwe ngamaqabunga angama-20 degrees Celsius. Ukukhetha amakamelo abanda kakhulu nezindawo ezisenyakatho, kuzoba nzima ukwenza iphutha.
I-regimen yasebusika ye-Aucuba kufanele ibe ngisho ebanda kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lapho lesi sitshalo ligcina ubuhle bokuhlobisa lingama-13-16 degrees. Ukushisa okuphezulu komoya ebusika, ngokushesha i-aucub izodonsa amahlamvu bese ilahlekelwa ubuhle bayo. Ubuncane bokushisa kwesitshalo ukushisa kwama-5 degrees, kepha kungcono uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingangehli liye ku-7 degrees. Ukunxephezelwa kokushisa okuphezulu kakhulu kwalesi sitshalo kungatholakala kuphela ngokukhulisa ukukhanya kanye nomswakama ophezulu kakhulu.
Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, i-aucubus ingahanjiswa emoyeni omusha uma ufisa. Lapho ibekwe kumakhalkoni nasengadini, isitshalo kufanele sivikelwe ekukhanyiseni okukhanyayo, imvula nokuqalwa.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Kubalulekile ukuthi i-aucuba ilondoloze umswakama ozinzile wenhlabathi, kepha isitshalo kufanele sivikelwe ekuvinjelweni kwamanzi ngokweqile. Ukuchelela i-aucuba akuvamile ukwenziwa, kuguqula inani lamanzi kuphela: ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, i-aucuba iniselwa kakhulu, kepha ngesikhathi sesigaba esishisayo - ngenani elincane lamanzi. Lesi sitshalo singabhekwa njengokuvimbela isomiso, kepha okushiwoyo akumele kuphindwe njalo, ngoba uma ukomiswa kwengxenye kungasabisa njalo lesi sitshalo, i-aucuba izolahlekelwa ngokushesha ngumphumela wayo wokuhlobisa. Phakathi kokunisela, kuphela inhlabathi engaphezulu emabhodweni evunyelwe ukoma ehlobo, kanti ebusika indawo engaphansi yomile kancane futhi yomile. Amanzi avela kuma-pallets kufanele akhishwe imizuzu embalwa ngemuva kokuphuza.
Umswakama lapho ugcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu we-aucuba awubalulekile: ebangeni elipholile lesi sitshalo sizovuna nomoya omile impela. Kepha noma yikuphi ukuphambuka kusuka kumazinga okushisa anconyelwayo kuya phezulu kudinga isinxephezelo ngesimo sokwanda okubukhali komswakama womoya. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo siyafafazwa, kugxilwe ekulahlekelweni kokuhlobisa nokubukeka, kepha ekwindla nasebusika emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-aucube ihlinzeka ukufafaza okunjalo okuvamile noma ukukhulisa umswakama womoya ku-70% ngokufaka i-humidifier. Lapho kugcinwa ukufafaza okubandayo akwenziwa noma kwenziwa ngokucophelela.
Kokubili ukunisela nokunisela, ungasebenzisa amanzi athambileko nanamanzi afudumeleko kwaphelako kunalokho okushisa komoya.
IJapan Aucuba (Aucuba japonica).
Umsoco waseJapan Aucuba
Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwehlobo, kudliwa i-aucuba, kwethula ukugqokwa okujwayelekile okuphezulu ohlelweni lokunakekelwa imvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-10.
Uhlobo lomanyolo walesi sitshalo lungakhethwa ngokubona kwakho. I-Aucuba isabela kahle kumanyolo we-organic, kepha umanyolo womhlaba jikelele wezitshalo zasendlini nawo ungasetshenziswa. Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukushintshanisa ukudla okwenziwa ngamaminerali kanye noku-organic.
Ukunciphisa nokubumba i-Japan Aucuba
Ukuze i-aucuba yaseJapan ihlale inhle futhi icophile, isitshalo sidinga ukwakheka njalo. Okwe-aucuba, kungcono ukunquma ngokushesha emva kokufakelwa noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuleyo minyaka lapho ukufakelwa kungenziwa.
Transplant kanye substrate
I-Aucuba isaba kakhulu ukulimala kwezimpande, futhi ukufakelwa kwalesi sihlahla kusenziwa kungabi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni engama-2-3, njengoba kunesidingo. Ngaphambi kokuba izimpande zimboze ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba futhi ziqale ukubonakala kuvela emigodini yokudonsa, akunakuthinteka ukuthinta isitshalo.
Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthola inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ekhethekile yokukhulisa i-aucuba. Uma i-substrate ixega ngokwanele, inamanzi- futhi ingaphefumula, isitshalo siyozizwa sihle kuyo. Nge-aucuba, izingcezwana zomhlaba wonke zingasetshenziswa. Uma uxuba inhlabathi ngokwakho, kungcono ukwenza izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi:
- substrate kusuka ku-peat, isihlabathi, iqabunga kanye nenhlabathi eyisodada ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 2: 6;
- hlukanisa ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zenhlabathi enamaqabunga nenhlabathi, i-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi.
I-Aucuba ikhula kahle kuma-hydroponics nasezimbizeni ezinokuchelela okuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuze uthole ama-aucub wanoma yiluphi uhlobo nebanga, sebenzisa izimbiza ezibanzi, ezibanzi. Ezitsheni ezincanyana, uhlelo lwayo lwezimpande luyahlupheka.
Lapho ukufakelwa, ukuxhumana nezimpande kugwenywa futhi kuphela ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi olungcolisiwe olususiwe, ukuphatha isitshalo ngenkathi kulondolozwa i-coma yobumba. Ithebhu yokudonsa iyadingeka.
Ukufakelwa kweJapan Aucuba.
Izifo Nezinambuzane ZaseJapan
Ingozi enkulu kuma-aucubas ukubola. Nganoma yikuphi umswakama okweqile noma ukukhetha okungalungile kwenhlabathi eminyene, lesi sitshalo sihlupheka kakhulu, amabala amnyama avela emaqabungeni, okukhombisa inkinga. Ngokutholwa kwayo ngesikhathi, ungabhekana nakho ngokulungiswa okulula kokunakekelwa. Ukufakwa okuphuthumayo akuphumeleli: Ukulimala kwezimpande kaningi kuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Ezikhungweni ezikuma-aucubas, kutholakala kuphela izibungu ezinamaqhubu kanye nesicabucabu, ezilawulwa ngokushesha ngama-insecticides.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo:
- umbala, ukulahleka kwamabala ngokukhanya okunganele noma ukuncipha kwenhlabathi;
- ukufiphaza amaqabunga kukhanya kakhulu;
- ukuwa kwamaqabunga lapho kungekho ukugqoka okuphezulu;
- kuphuzi kwamaqabunga aphansi ngokwehla kancane kancane: izikhala zokushisa noma izinkinga zokunisela;
- ukomiswa kwe-apex nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga aphezulu ngokukhanya okukhulu kakhulu;
- ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga ngokudla okungafanele kanye nokudangala komugqa ongaphansi;
- ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga ngesikhathi sobusika obufudumele ngaphandle kokunakekelwa okulingene.
Ukuzalela i-Aucuba
Ama-aukubu aseJapan, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-aucol asendlini, asakazwa kuphela ngezindlela zokusika. Ukusika kungagawulwa phakathi naso sonke isigaba sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo. Kokubili ukusika kwentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo kunciphisa kahle. Esihlahleni, ungasusa izingqimba zamahlumela noma izihlahla zokusika, kodwa ngeziqongo lapho ungathola khona izihlahla zokuhlobisa ngokushesha. Izisiki zisikwa kusuka kumagatsha wangonyaka odlule, zishiya amashidi angama-2-3 zenze ukusikwa okujwayelekile kwe-oblique. Ukusikwa kwe-Aucuba kungagxila kuphela ku-substrate (i-sandy noma i-sandy-peat). Ukuze ubambe imbanga, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise izinga lokushisa elizinzile (cishe ama-degree angama-21) nomswakama ozinzile. Dive izitshalo ngokushesha ngemuva kokucamba ibanga ezitsheni ngazinye kanye substrate ejwayelekile.
I-Aucuba Himalayan (Aucuba himalaica).
Ungasithola isitshalo embewini, kepha le ndlela ayigcini izici zezitshalo. I-cross-impova yenziwa ngebhulashi elithambile, imbewu ivuthwe kancane, ngaphambi kokuvuna amajikijolo kufanele kuvunyelwe ukuvuthwa ngokugcwele. Kusetshenziselwa imbewu nje entsha, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthola imbewu ye-aucuba. Imbewu ilahlekelwa ukuhluma ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngisho nangemva kwenyanga ungasitholi isitshalo esisodwa kuzo. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngengxube yomhlaba wesihlabathi se-peat, kuhlwanyelwa esakhiweni esiswakeme futhi ukufafaza kancane ngenhlabathi. Lapho ukhoselwa ngengilazi noma ngefilimu kanye nokushisa okungama-degree angama-21, kuzodingeka ulinde izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba uvele. Umswakama wenhlabathi kumele ugcinwe njalo. Ngena ezitsheni ngazinye kwenziwa kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kweshidi langempela lesithathu.
