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Izifo nezinambuzane ze-gladioli

Izinambuzane

Yehlisa ukuhlobisa, kwezinye izimo, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ziholela ekufeni okuphelele kwezitshalo. Amaqabunga, efihlekile nezimbali glnoli gnaw at the scoops of iklabishi kanye lwesinaphi, slugs enqunu. Izimpande nezikhonkwane ze-gladioli zilinyazwa ama-naticrackers, amagraphic, ama-scoops ebusika, nematode enyongo. Njengomphumela womonakalo walezi zinambuzane, izitshalo zisele ngemuva ekukhuleni, ziphenduke ophuzi, zingwe futhi zife.

I-Gladiolus (Gladiolus)

UGladiolus uyaqhuma.

Ilimaza zonke izinhlobo ze-gladioli, iris, calendula, daffodil, clove. Isinambuzane esidala sincane, singama-1-1,5 mm ngosayizi, sinsundu, sibude, sinamaphiko anesihlakala, ikhanda elimnyama. Isibungu siphuzi okukhanyayo, ngamehlo abomvu, sifinyelela kubude be-I mm, ekugcineni komzimba kunenqubo ye-tubular.

Ama-Adult thrips overwinter ngaphansi kwama-corms corms agcinwa lapho amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-10 ° C ephindaphindwa njalo. Owesifazane ubeka amaqanda ezicutshini zesitshalo. Iziphuzo zincela izijusi ezivela kumaqabunga nezimbali. Ukuphindaphindeka okukhulu kwama-thrips kubonakala ngemuva kokutshala ama ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Isizukulwane esisodwa sikhula kungakapheli amasonto ama-2-3. Isizini edlule, inkathazo iyakwazi ukunika izizukulwane eziningana. Njengomphumela womonakalo obangelwa izibungu nezinambuzane ezindala, amabala namachashazi amhlophe esiliva avela emaqabungeni, imivimbo ephuzi ikhombisa ukulandelana kokuqhuma kwesikhumba ngesikhathi sokufakwa kweqanda namachashazi amnyama akhombisa izinambuzane. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma komcibisholo wezimbali, ama-thrips ahlanganiswe eduze kwawo. Lapho ama-buds avela, angena ngaphakathi, alimaze izimbali, eziphela, zivundeke futhi zomile. Ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, ama-thrips aqhubekela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi zesitshalo.

Ngaphambi kokuvuna ama-corms, inqwaba yezinambuzane iku "hemp". Kamuva zihamba ngaphansi kwesikali sama-corms. Bondla ujusi ovela kuma-corms ama-corms. Izindawo ezilimele zezicubu zomile futhi zakha amabala anjenge-crust-like color of brown. Corms ziba lula, unamathele, futhi lapho ekugcineni isitoreji mnyama, ukugqwala, yomile. Ngaphezu kokulimala okuqondile, ama-thrips aphatha ama-pathogens we-gladiolus. Inkathazo esindini iphindaphindeka lapho kushisa khona, futhi kusomile.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ngenani elikhulu lama-thrips, ukusika kuqala kwezitshalo, kuze kube yilapho izinambuzane ziqhubekela engxenyeni engezansi yeziqu,
  2. ukucekelwa phansi kweziqongqwane nazo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo ngemuva kokuvuna i-gladioli, ukumba inhlabathi,
  3. ukubulala amagciwane ama-corms agcotshwa ama-thrip ngokucwiliswa emanzini ashisayo (50 ° C) imizuzu engu-5 noma afafaze ngesisombululo se-karbofos (2 g nge-litre elilodwa lamanzi), bese ama omile futhi egcinwe,
  4. ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwama-corms ngezikhathi ezithile, lapho kutholakala inkathazo, izinto zokutshala zithululelwa ngeshokhole noma ngo-lime ongu-fluffy ngesilinganiso esingu-20-30 g nge-1 kg yama-corms, kufaka ama-corms agcwele esikhwameni sephepha nge-naphthalene (izingcezu eziyi-10-15 ze-3-5 g zokulungiselela) kuqhubeke Izinyanga ezi-1 - 1.5, bese ama-corms engena umoya futhi agcinwa njengokujwayelekile (ungasebenzisa i-naphthalene kuphela kuze kube kuvela amahlumela),
  5. ukunqatshwa kwama-corms athelelekile ngaphambi kokutshala,
  6. phatha kaningi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7- 7 malathion (ama-75 g nge-10 l lamanzi) ngesikhathi sokukhula lapho kuvela izitshalo ezonakele (ekupheleni kukaJuni),
  7. ukutshala kabusha i-gladioli endaweni efanayo emva kweminyaka engama-3-4,
  8. ukutshala imbewu kuma-gladioli tagete, i-calendula, u-anyanisi, ugalikhi, olungonakaliswa yimikhaba.
I-Gladiolus (Gladiolus)

Phawula u-anyanisi uphawu.

Ilimaza izitshalo ezinamandla amakhulu: i-lily, i-hyacinth, i-tulip, i-daffodil, ama-corms we-gladiolus kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ze-dahlia. Ithikheyidi yabantu abadala ifinyelela ku-1.1 mm ubude, okufushane okusaqanda, okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okubengezelayo.

Imikhaza ihlala emhlabathini kumfucumfucu wezitshalo futhi ikhule izitshalo ezitshalwe emhlabathini. Zingenela ama-bulbs ngokusebenzisa phansi noma ngomshini wokulungisa bese zihlala phakathi kwama-flakes. Izinsikazi zibeka amaqanda kwizinhlamvu. Ukubamba emva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-7 kusuka emaqanda, izibungu zincela ujusi kusuka esikalini sezinhlamvu zikhule kungakapheli inyanga. Ngenxa yokudla okunempilo komkhaza, ukukhula kwezitshalo kunciphisa, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi aqhamuke. Ama-mite alimaza ama-bulbs kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngesikhathi sokulondolozwa, ikakhulukazi uma engahlanzwa isikali esidala nezimpande. Ngesikhathi sokugcina, ngomonakalo omkhulu wamabhuleki, ingaphandle lesikali limbozwe ngothuli olunsundu. Amabhuleki abola futhi omile, abe abolile. Lapho ukutshala ama nezilimo eziyizigaxa egcwele mite emhlabathini, inhlabathi kanye nezinye izitshalo ziyagula. Lesi sinambuzane sidinga kakhulu ekushiseni okuphezulu (18 ... 20 ° C) kanye nomswakama (ngaphezu kwama-60%).

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukutshala izinto ezingatholakali emhlabathini ovulekile nezitshalo ezivuzayo ezinamaqabunga aphuzi ngesikhathi sokukhula;
  2. kumasayithi we -ickick gick, umuntu akufanele atshale izitshalo ezinamafutha amaningi kanye nama-dahlias iminyaka engama-3-4;
  3. ukuqoqwa kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwemfucumfucu yesitshalo ngemuva kokuvunwa kwama-bulbs;
  4. ukwenqatshwa kwama-bulbs anempilo kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokubabeka ukuze zigcinwe, kuzihlanze ngesikali esidala nezimpande, kuthele ngochoko noma ngesibabule (20 g nge-1 kg yezinto zokutshala), ukuhlunga okujwayelekile nokususwa kwama-bulbs onakele, ukugcinwa kokushisa okungu-2 ... 5 ° ะก kanye nomswakama womoya hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-60%;
  5. ukwelashwa okushisa okwemizuzu emi-5 yezinhlamvu ezinegciwane emanzini afutheliswe ku-50 ° C, noma izinsuku ezingama-5-7 emazingeni okushisa angama-35 ... 40 ° C, ukubulala amagciwane imizuzu engama-30-50 kuzixazululo zeCeltan (3 g nge-1 litre yamanzi), 30 I-% malathion (5 g nge-1 litre lamanzi);
  6. ukufafaza nge-10% karbofos (75 g nge-10 l lamanzi) noma ukuchelela ngaphansi kwempande ngo-20% celtan (20 g nge-10 l lamanzi) ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo.

Isifo

Ukomisa, noma ukukhala, kwe-gladioli.

Ikhula ngokulimala okukhulu kuzo zonke izindawo zokutshala i-gladioli futhi kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Izimpande kanye nama-corms we-gladioli ayathinteka. Kulokhu, kunezinhlobo ezi-2 zesifo: ukubuna nokubola kwama-corms. Lapho ifuneka, izitshalo ziphenduka ziphuzi, kusuka phezulu, zisonteke futhi zife ngenxa yoku-browning nokufa kwezimpande.

Ngohlobo lwesibili lwesifo, amabala ansundu akhanyayo noma amnyama acindezelwe amnyama kuma-corms. Engxenyeni yesiphambano yezingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo, amasistimu we-vascular brown. Ama-corms athelelekile awakubekezeleli ukugcinwa kwesikhashana, ukubola. Lapho utshala, zihluma buthakathaka noma zingamisi nhlobo, zibole emhlabathini. Ukutheleleka kudluliselwa ngezinto zokutshala. Amakhowe athela othulini ezintabeni ezithintekile nasemhlabathini.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukucekelwa phansi kwezitshalo ezinesifo ngesikhathi sokukhula nalapho kugaywa ama-corms;
  2. ukushintshana kwamasiko ngokubuya kwe-gladioli endaweni yayo yangaphambili ngemuva kweminyaka engama-3-4;
  3. ukuhlunga ama-corms ngaphambi kokulondolozwa nangaphambi kokutshala;
  4. isitoreji ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle
  5. ukufaka umanyolo izitshalo nge-magnesium ngesikhathi sokukhula;
  6. ukumba izimbobo ku-gladioli yeziguli ezinama-corms bese uzigcwalisa nge-infusion yegalikhi (30 g ye-infusion nge-1 litre lamanzi), ukugcwalisa izimbobo ngomhlaba, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-5 kuxazululwa ngesisombululo se-mustard;
  7. ofakwe ngaphambi kokutshala ama-corms we-gladioli amahora angama-8-10 ekufakweni kwama-marigolds (izitshalo ezomile ziyanqunywa, ugcwalise uhhafu webhakede elihlanganisiwe ngazo, ugcwalise ngamanzi afudumele bese ushiya izinsuku ezimbili), ngemuva kokuphonsa ama-peduncle kanye nokuqala kokuqhakaza - ukuthambisa kathathu ngokungenisa okufanayo.
I-Gladiolus (Gladiolus)

Kubolile uBrown.

Ama-corms, amaqabunga, isiqu, izimbali zezimbali ziyathinteka. Izindawo ezinamabala amancane anombala obomvana obomvu onsundu kumaqabunga. Lapho kukhona inani elikhulu lamabala, lonke iphepha liphenduka libe nsundu bese lifa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Izindawo ezinamaphazili ezinomngcele obomvu onsundu zakhiwa emaphethelweni athintekile osayizi abahlukahlukene. Eziphondweni zezimbali, izindawo ezinamanzi, ukuhlangana, kuholele ekufeni kwayo yonke imbali. Amabala ansundu nawo enza i-peduncle. Ngomswakama womoya ophakeme, amabala emaqabungeni, iziqu, izimbotshana kanye nezimbali zezimbali kumbozwe ngombala ompunga we-fungus. Kwesinye isikhathi amaqabunga ngaphandle kokwakheka kwamabala avele aphuzi aphenduke afe. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho impande yesitshalo ithinteka.

Ukwehlulwa kwe-corm kuqala ngokuphela kwesiqu futhi kubonakala ku-browning komgogodla womgogodla. Kancane kancane, yonke ingxenye engaphakathi yama-corms imbozwe ngokubola onsundu. Ngaphandle, azikho izimpawu zesifo, futhi ngokuchofoza phansi kuphela, singathola ukuthi i-corm isivele ibolile. Iziqalo zesikhowe ezintweni ezithintekile nasemagqabini asondele ebusweni bomhlaba.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukubuya kwe-gladioli endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni akukho ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-4;
  2. ukomisa ama-corms ngokushisa kuka-25 ... 30 ° C kanye nomoya omncane (ngokushesha nje ngemuva kokumba); ukwenqatshwa kwama-corms we-sebaceous;
  3. ukugcinwa kwama-corms ngokushisa kwe-6 ° C kanye nomswakama ohlobene no-75-80%;
  4. ukunamathisela ama-corms ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile kusixazululo se-potanganum permanganate (30 g nge-10 l lamanzi) amahora angama-1-2, izingane zifakwe kusisombululo sokuphuza isoda (50 g nge-10 l lamanzi);
  5. ukususwa kwezitshalo eziphuzi futhi ezivuthayo (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza);
  6. ukufafaza i-gladioli ngenhlanganisela engu-1% ye-Bordeaux (100 g ye-sulfate yethusi ngokufakwa kwe-100 g ye-lime nge-10 l lamanzi) ngemuva kokuqhakaza okukhulu noma ukumila kwezitshalo ezichazwe ngezindlela zokulwa ukomiswa kwe-gladioli.

Ukubola okomile kweziqu namakhomu.

Izimpande, amakhomu, amaqabunga, iziqu kuyathinteka. Izimpawu zokuqala zibonakaliswa kuphuzi nokuphuzi kwesihloko esingaphezulu kwamaqabunga. Ngokukhula kwesifo, kuphuzi nokufa kwesitshalo sonke kwenzeka ngezinga elikhulu. Kumakhasi aphuziwe, izimpande, izigaxa, phansi kwamaqabunga, iziqu, izindunduma ezimnyama eziyindilinga (sclerotia) ziyakhiwa. Izikhonkwane ezithintekile ezindlini zokugcina impahla ziyalungiswa. Abasiki bekhowe emikhakheni ethintekile, kudoti wezitshalo, emhlabathini, lapho kungahlala kusebenza khona kuze kube yiminyaka emi-4. Ukulahleka kwesifo kungaqala kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-50%.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukucwilisa ama-corms agulayo nokutshala ama-corms anempilo ezindaweni lapho i-gladioli ingazange itshalwe khona eminyakeni engu-4 edlule;
  2. ukomisa ama-corms ngokushisa kuka-25 ... 30 ° C ngokufaka umoya omncane ngemuva kokuwumbela, unamathisela amakhomu akhishwe esikalini ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (15-30 g nge-10 l lamanzi) ngokuchayeka kwekhambi amahora angama-1-2;
  3. ukufafaza ngenhlanganisela eyi-1% yeBordeaux (100 g ye-sulfate yethusi ngokufakwa kwe-100 g kalamula nge-10 l lamanzi) ngemuva kokuqhakaza okukhulu;
  4. ukumba inhlabathi ngokuguqula okusindayo ekwindla;
  5. ukutakula ama-corms: ama-onesifo, hhayi ukusika izilonda, atshalwe umquba wamahhashi; otshalwe kabusha otshalwe emibhedeni, ngaphandle kokufaka umquba kuma-grooves (inani elithile lawo lithwalwa kanye nama-corms ezimpandeni, ukuchelela nokukhulula kwenziwa nsuku zonke).

Ukubola okunzima.

Amaqabunga, izibungu zithintekile. Kukhiwa amabala ansundu akhanyayo anemingcele emnyama emaqabungeni, okuvela kuwo amachaphaza amnyama - ama-pycnid aqukethe izinhlaka zokukhunta. Emakhondomu, lesi sifo sikhula ekwindla ngesimo samachashaza amancanyana anamanzi, angasho lutho noma ashibhile ayindilinga. Amabala akhula kancane kancane, futhi ingxenye yawo emaphakathi iyangena, ithola umbala ocishe ube mnyama nokumnyama okucacisiwe. Izindawo ezihlukile zihlangana phakathi kwazo. Izicubu ezithintekile ziyaqina futhi zigwilisa ngenkathi zigcinwa, yingakho lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi ukubola okuqinile. Ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka enhlabathini, kuma-corms athintekayo aze afike eminyakeni emi-4. Ukutheleleka kwezitshalo kwenzeka ngomhlabathi. Esikhathini sokukhula kusuka kwesinye isitshalo kuya kwesinye, isikhunta sisakazeka ngezinhlwayi ezithwalwa ngumoya, imvula, izinambuzane.

Lesi sifo siyingozi ikakhulukazi lapho sinamanzi, iminyaka epholile emhlabathini ompofu.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. okufanayo nange-bola eyomile ye-gladioli.

Umdlavuza wegciwane.

Lesi sifo siyingozi kuma-dahlias, ama-roses, ama-carnations, ama-gladioli, ama-peonies. Uhlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo luyathinteka. Lapho bemba ama-corms ezindaweni lapho kwakhiwa khona izingane, noma ezinganeni eziholelayo, ukukhula okubucayi kwesimo esingajwayelekile kubonakala kahle.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukubhujiswa kwama-corms anesifo;
  2. ukukhipha amagciwane inhlabathi ekwindla ngemuva kokumba izitshalo nge-bleach eyomile (150-200 g / m2) bese uyigcwalisa nge-rake,
  3. lapho unakekela izitshalo, gwema ukulimala, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwezimpande nentamo yezimpande,
  4. ama-corms we-gladioli awalinywa iminyaka emithathu kuya kwezi-3 ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona umdlavuza.

UMose we gladioli.

Isifo segciwane. Amahlamvu nezimbali kuyathinteka. Emacembe, amabala nemivimbo emnyama noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neblue grey, iyakhiwa, phakathi kwemithambo yeqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi amabala avezwa ngendlela yezindandatho ezivalekile. Ezimbali, amabala aphuzi ngombala ophuzi nampunga, futhi angaba ngohlobo lwemivimbo. Ngenxa yamabala nemivimbo, izimbali ziyahlukahluka; amacembe abo kwesinye isikhathi asonteka. Ezitshalweni ezinesifo, izimbali zincanyana, futhi imicibisholo yezimbali yandiswa kakhulu ubude. Inqubo yokuthuthuka ekwakhiweni komcibisholo wezimbali ezitshalweni ezinesifo iyabambezeleka. Ama-corms abagulayo ayaqothuka unyaka nonyaka, ayeke ukunikeza umcibisholo wezimbali. Lesi sifo sidluliselwa ngama-thrips, aphid. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, leli gciwane lidluliselwa kusuka kuma-corms liye ezinganeni.

Izindlela zokulawula:

  1. ukususwa kanye nokushiswa kwezitshalo ezinesifo ngama-corms;
  2. ukubhujiswa okufika ngesikhathi kwezinambuzane - Izithwali zegciwane (ama-aphid, ama-thrips);
  3. ukudalwa kwezimo ezifanele zokutshala i-gladioli: ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi okufika ngesikhathi, ukhula, umanyolo;
  4. ukutshala ama-corms ezindaweni ezinomoya omuhle.

Ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo ezakhiweni zasekhaya - Pearl A. A., Stepanina N. P., Tarasova V. P.

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