Izitshalo zasendlini, izithelo zazo esaziwa kahle yizo ngokubala izithelo, bezilokhu zithandwa kakhulu. Amapomegranati, ubhanana, ukwatapheya, ama-tangerine kanye nolamula angatshalwa hhayi ezindaweni ezishisayo kuphela, kodwa nakwa windowsill yakho. Akukho okuhlukile - futhi uphayinaphu ongaphakathi. Lokhu akuyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yezitshalo zezithelo, kodwa nakanjani enye edume kakhulu. Ukubukeka okuxakile kwamaphayinaphu kuyabhekwa kanye nekhono labo lokuthela izithelo. Futhi ngisho nobunzima balesi sitshalo abesabisi ukukhulisa lona kuma-sill e-windows.
Ingaphakathi uphayinaphu.
Ngabe uphayinaphu wegumbi uhluke kanjani emasikweni?
Amaphayinaphu angaphakathi abizwa kufanele ngokuthi ukuhlobisa. Kusukela kumaphayinaphu afanayo atshaliwe akhule ezindaweni ezishisayo nezisezingeni eliphansi lomhlaba wethu, izitshalo ezazijwayeza isiko lembiza zisahluka kakhulu. Amaphayinaphu wasendlini awakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngezinhlobo, nokwehlukahlukahlukahlukahlukahlukahluka. Lezi izitshalo ezibonakalayo kalula ezithethelela intengo yazo ephezulu ngokubukeka kwazo okungajwayelekile.
Amaphayinaphu emvelweni amelwe kakhulu eLatin America. Emahlathini ashisayo eParaguay, iBrazil, iColombia, neVenezuela, ungathola izinhlobo ezi-8 ezahlukahlukene zalezi zitshalo. Njengesitshalo esitshaliwe, uphayinaphu usakaze kude nemikhakha yabo yendabuko yaseBrazil.
Amaphayinaphu okuhlobisa angumphumela wokukhethwa nokukhethwa okude. Ukuvela kwalesi sidakamizwa esiqhamukayo kumasiko egumbi, sikweleta imfashini yezindawo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina impahla. Amaphayinaphu, ekuqaleni komlando wabo waseYurophu, edonsela ukunaka ezimeni zikanokusho ezinamaqoqo amangalisayo, namuhla kutholakala kakhulu emagumbini okuhlala ajwayelekile.
Amaphayinaphu amelelwa ngumndeni wakwaBromeliaceae, esemncane, futhi nangaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali, adideka kalula nabalingani bawo. Kuliqiniso, indlela yokukhula, ngokungafani nama-epiphytes amaningi we-bromeliad, kumaphayinaphu emhlabeni. Sinezinanazi ezaziwa kuphela ngegama lazo le-botanical.
Kukhula uphayinaphu eduze kwendlu yangasese (iHawaii).
Izici zikaphayini wasendlini
Uphayinaphu omkhulu (i-Ananas comosus) ukuphela kwezilwane ezitholakala ngendlela ebunjiweyo. Ingabekwa ngokuphephile phakathi kwezitshalo ezikhula ngokushesha. Lesi akusona isitshalo esikhulu kakhulu, lapho ngesikhathi sokukhethiwe sithole ukubumbana okuthile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo eziyisisekelo.
Inesiqobelo esifushane, esinciphile futhi esingamaqabunga aqine enza i-rosette ebunjwe ngokuqina. Ngokusobala umugqa, onephutha elikhonjisiwe, eligobile, elinama-spikes abukhali kakhulu, amaqabunga amaphiniphu amadala ayakwazi ukukhuphuka aze afike ku-1 m, kodwa emakamelweni ngokuvamile anqunyelwe engxenyeni yemitha.
Umthunzi ompunga oluhlaza okukhanyayo ubonakala kude. Kepha isikali emaqabunga singabonakala kuphela ebangeni eliseduze. Amapayinaphu awakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngemibala ehlukahlukene, kepha ngaphandle kwamaphayinaphu aqabunga aluhlaza okotshani, izinhlobo zemfashini ezengeziwe ezinomngcele omude noma imitheshana ngamaqabunga anombala omhlophe zingatholakala zithengiswa, kancane kancane ziphenduka zibe pink ekukhanyeni okulungile.
Amaphayinaphu ahlukahlukene, njenge-"Tricolor" ebomvu-eluhlaza okotshani, awafani kuhlobo kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zokuhlobisa - amafomu amhlophe aluhlaza okotshani (i-mosagatus) namafomu ayisikhilimu (aureovariegatus). Amaphayinaphu athula kancane kancane, kepha kusukela lapho ukuphuma kukamama kuthathelwa indawo ngemuva kokuqhakaza izithelo, uphayinaphu uhlala usuhlangene emakamelweni.
Ukwakheka kwezingane kuqala ngemuva kokwakhiwa okugcwele kokuzala. Amaphayinaphu abukeka exotic impela. Imigqa ehlanzekile yamaqabunga awo idala i-silhouette "prickly", ibukeka icocekile, igqamile futhi ngokushesha idonsela ukunaka.
Izimbali nokukhiqiza izithelo kuhlobisa kuphela uphayinaphu. Izimbali ziqala ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile ngoMeyi, lesi sitshalo asilahlekeli ukuhlobisa ngaso kuze kube sekupheleni kwenkathi yokulala ngo-Okthoba-Disemba, kuqala ukuboniswa njenge-inflorescence, bese kuthi njengezithelo ezinhle zikanokusho ngenqwaba yamaqabunga ihlumela elifushane elingenhla.
Kude nezimbali ezilula zihlala kuma-peduncle anamandla kuma-spikelets alula we-inflorescences wepayinaphu. I-lilac ekhanyayo, enamathoni aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izimbali zimbozwe nge-cup-lanceolate, ebanzi futhi enhle kakhulu ama-brices, ziphenduka zibe yi-spikelet. Ukwakheka kwenkanyezi ephelele kunjengokungafani ncamashi nohlu lwamahlamvu. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izinyanga ezine noma ezinhlanu, lezo zihlahla zodumo ezifanayo zivuthwa.
Uphuzi wegolide, owenziwe ngamaqanda amaningi ahlangana ngama-bracts, ngaphandle abukeka njengesigaxa, inzalo kancane kancane iyakha ubunzima kanye nezinguquko. Isigaxa sezimbali zikaphayini siyashintsha nezithelo: ngenhla kwe-axis ye-inflorescence, kuqhuma ihlumela, kufinyezwe, kufana ne-mini-shoplet, kepha nokho kungeza okungaphezulu kakhulu ekubukekeni kwesitshalo.
Amahlumela anjalo kumaphayinaphu abizwa ngokuthi ama-sultans. Okungenani izinyanga ezingama-4,5 zivama ukudlula esikhathini sokuqhakaza izithelo kuye ekuqaleni kokukhula kwezithelo, okwenza sikwazi ukubiza uphayinaphu ngesinye sezitshalo zasendlini zokuhlobisa nezokuzala ezisebenza isikhathi eside. Naphezu kwesimo sokuhlobisa, uphayinaphu wasendlini unikeza izithelo ezidliwayo.
Iphayinaphu elikhulukazi (i-Ananas comosus) okuwukuphela kwezinhlobo ezingatshalwa ekhaya.
Izimo zokukhula kaphayini wasendlini
Amaphayinaphu aqhakaza futhi athela izithelo kuphela uma enikezwa izimo zikhululekile unyaka wonke. Lezi izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa, ezibandayo futhi ezifuna ukukhanya okukhulu. Emakamelweni okuhlala, uphayinaphu ngokuvamile uthola konke abakudingayo, kepha bangangena ekuqoqweni kwengadi ebusika eshisayo.
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa ngaphakathi kwezangaphakathi
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezikhula ngophayinaphu ezimweni zasekamelweni yi-Photophilousness yayo. Lesi sitshalo singabekwa kuphela efasiteleni, ngaphandle komthunzi omncane. Iphayinaphu ayesabi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, kepha ehlobo kungcono ukuvikela amaqabunga kuwo. Amafasitela aseningizimu noma eningizimu-ntshonalanga wepayinaphu angaphakathi asezingeni elifanele, kepha uma kungekho ndlela yokubeka isitshalo kule ndawo, bese ukhetha indawo ekhanyayo endlini.
Amaphayinaphu asabela kahle ekukhanyisweni kokufakelwa. Ngezimpawu zokukhula okungakhubazeki noma izinga elinganele lokukhanya kwemvelo, isikhathi samahora okukhanya kosuku sanda ngama-fitolamp asebenza amahora angu-10-12. Izitshalo ziqala ukungakhanyisi kahle okwenziwa, kepha azihlupheki ngokukhanya okuhlanganisiwe noma okuyingxenye.
Ungashintsha ubukhulu bokhanyisa uphayinaphu, ulungise ukugqama ngokuhamba kufasitela noma phakathi kwamafasitela, ugxile kumbala wamaqabunga. Amaphayinaphu anemibala akhangayo, aqhakazile, agcina ukukhanya okuhle kuphela. Ngokufakelwa, amaqabunga ayaguquka bese lesi sitshalo, yize sigcina ukusebenza, siqala kancane kancane ukulahleka kokuhlobana nokuhlobisa kwaso.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaphayinaphu awawona amakhulu, ngokwesiko lamagumbi alinganiselwa ku-50-60 cm ukuphakama, ngo-girth cishe ahlala ephindwe kabili kukhulu. Iphayinaphu idinga indawo enkulu nenkululeko, "ukusakazeka" kwayo kwamaqabunga akudingi ukubekwa emaqenjini aminyene, kepha ebangeni elithile kusuka kwezinye izitshalo noma ngawodwana.
Ukuze i-rosette yamaqabunga ikhule ngokulinganayo, kungakuhle ukuvula iphayinaphu ngokuhlobene nomthombo wokukhanya.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane
Muva nje, ezincomeni zezinhlobo ezintsha zikaphayini, kuye kwavela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa izimbali ezinkulu kakhulu nezithelo kusuka kuphayinaphu ngaphandle kwenkathi epholile. Kepha, ngokuvamile, uphayinaphu awudingi nje kuphela, kepha futhi wesaba ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa.
Izinkomba ezingezansi ezamukelekayo kuzo yi- + 16 ° C ebusuku ebusika. Isitshalo siphendula kahle emazingeni okushisa amakamelo ajwayelekile, ngisho nangezinsuku ezishisayo zasehlobo sizizwa sikhululekile. Okuqukethwe okulungile kubhekwa kumazinga okushisa komoya we +22 kuya + 25 ° C. Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa ngenhla kwama-25 degrees Celsius, ngokuya ngezincomo zokufafazwa, akubathinti ubuhle bamaqabunga alo alukhuni.
Indlela yokulungisa ubusika ebusika wepayinaphu ayidingi ukuhambisa ezindaweni ezinomoya ophansi, kepha izinguquko ezithile ezimeni (ukwehliswa ngamazinga athile) kuzosiza isitshalo ukuba sikwazi ukubekezelela isikhathi samahora ancishisiwe. Izinkomba ezisezingeni eliphansi kuphela ezidinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, ezibavimbela ukwehla ngezansi + 16- ... + 17 ° C.
Iphayinaphu ayesabi ukukhipha umoya, kepha ungasivezi isitshalo ekusaluleni okuqinile. Ehlobo, uphayinaphu wasendlini ungathathwa ungene emoyeni omusha - kuvulandi noma engadini, kodwa kufanele uwavikele kokusalungiswa. Amaphayinaphu awabekezeleli i-hypothermia yohlelo lwezimpande.
I-Indoor uphayinaphu ehlanganisiwe imhlophe-luhlaza ngesimo (i-mosagatus).
Ukunakekelwa Kwephayinaphu Ekhaya
Iphayinaphu akusona isitshalo esinzima ukusinakekela. Ukuchelela ejwayelekile, ukugcotshwa okuphezulu, ukungabi bikho kwesidingo sothando nothando lokufafaza kungenza abalimi abanolwazi nabaqalayo bakwazi ukukufaka emaqoqweni. Kepha ngokunakekela uphayinaphu, ungakhohlwa ngemininingwane ebalulekile, uqaphela ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sitshalo.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Okuqukethwe komswakama wamaphayinaphu kuncike esigabeni sabo sokuthuthuka. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, lesi sitshalo siniselwa kancane, okuvumela inhlabathi ukuba ome ngokuphelele, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula okuningi, ukuqhakaza nezithelo, ukunisela kufanele kube kuningi.
Akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukunganyakazi kwamanzi, ukungashisi njalo, kepha inhlabathi kumele ibe nokuthambisa kanzulu kancane. Ushintsho kusuka esikhathini sokunisela kaningi nokunikela ekunakekelweni ebusika kufanele lube bushelelezi. Ukunisela kuncishiswa kancane, kusukela ngoSepthemba. Kophayinaphu, ukuchelela kuvame ukwenziwa ngqo kusixhumi seqabunga, kushintsha kube izindlela ezijwayelekile zokunisela le ndlela ejwayelekile yeBromeliad kuphela ekuphumuleni.
Isici esiyinhloko sephayinaphu yisidingo sokunisela ngamanzi afudumele. Akufanele kube yilapho ithambile kuphela, kodwa futhi ibe nama-degree angama-5-10 ukuphakama kunamazinga okushisa asendaweni.
Iphayinaphu, njenganoma yikuphi okunye okungajwayelekile okushisayo, ithanda umswakama ophezulu. Faka ama-humidifiers nabalingani bawo basekhaya ngoba akudingekile. Ngokwesitshalo, ungazikhawulela ngokufafaza, okwenziwa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinsuku ezishisayo. Ekuphumuleni, ukufafaza akwenziwa (ngaphandle kwezimo zokutshala emoyeni owomile kakhulu). Amaphayinaphu abekezelela umphefumulo ngokuphelele.
Ukufakwa nokufakwa komanyolo
Amaphayinaphu adla kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Leli siko likhethwa ukugqokwa okujwayelekile okuphezulu ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lomanyolo olusetshenzisiwe.
Kumaphayinaphu, ungasebenzisa omanyolo abakhiqizi futhi abahlukile be-organic kanye namaminerali, ukuwashintshanisa ngesikhathi sokudla. Amaphayinaphu asabela kahle ezintweni eziphilayo. Izicucu zesenzo eside zophayinaphu azisetshenziswa, njenganoma yiziphi izinkomba eziguqula indlela umhlabathi osabela ngayo kuyi-alkaline.
Ukuthena uphayinaphu nokubumba
Kumaphayinaphu, ukuthena empeleni kwehla ukuze kususwe amaqabunga owomile noma owonakele. Kwenziwa izingcezu, kusikwa ingxenye ethile futhi izicubu ezinempilo zibhekene nabathintekile. Ngamaqabunga wokuthena, kungcono ukusebenzisa amathuluzi abukhali bese ubulala amagciwane ngemuva kokusika ngakunye.
Izithelo zikaphayini wasendlini zenziwa izinyanga eziyi-4,5 futhi ziyafana.
Transplant, iziqukathi kanye substrate
Ukushintsha umthamo wamaphayinaphu angaphakathi kwenzeka kuphela lapho kudingekile impela. Uma izitshalo zinendawo yokukhipha izingane, azizange zakhe ngesamba esikhulu kangangokuba izisekelo azikwazi ukuthuthuka ngokujwayelekile, ukufakelwa kufanele kuhlehliswe. Isitshalo sitshalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula okusebenzayo, ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi.
Amaphayinaphu angaphakathi akhule ngobubanzi futhi aqukethe iziqukathi ezihambisana nobuso bawo, uhlelo oluphakathi nendawo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphayinaphu ukukhetha inhlabathi efanele. Akufanele nje kube okuxekethile noma ukukhanya, kodwa futhi ama-coarse ngokwanele, aphumelelayo, enika izimpande umoya okhululekile. Inketho enhle yokukhula ithathwa njengumhlabathi okhethekile wama-bromeliads noma noma yisiphi isigceme sezitshalo ze-epiphytic, lapho inhlabathi ye-turf yengezelelwa khona ukuthambeka okulula.
Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kucaciswa kangcono lapho uthenga. Impela, amaphayinaphu athengiswa kaningi engxenyeni evamile yenhlabathi - ngokwesibonelo, enezingxenye ezilinganayo z peat, turf kanye nenhlabathi ye humus enesihlabathi. I-pH efanelekile yophayinaphu isuka ku-4.0 iye ku-5.0.
Lapho usebenza nesitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa, kufanelekile ukuvikela izandla zakho, ngoba ameva emaqabunga abukhali impela. Ngaphansi kweziqukathi kumele kubekwe ungqimba oluphezulu lwamanzi. Uma ukwahlukaniswa kungenziwa, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuzikhawulela ku-transshipment. Imvamisa, lapho utshala uphayinaphu, izinga lokujula likhuphuka ngo-1.5-2 cm.
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Kuma-apulaapple okuhlobisa, izinambuzane aziwona izivakashi ezivamisile. Kulesi simo esinganakwa kuphela lapho izihlangu zamanga zingabonakala khona, izimbuzane zesigcawu kanye nokujikijela esihlahleni. Kungcono ukubhekana nezinambuzane ngaso leso sikhathi, uqale ngokubulala izinambuzane ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele zokulungisa izimo zokuboshwa noma ukunakekelwa.
Izinkinga ezivamile ekukhiqizeni uphayinaphu:
- ukomiswa kwamathiphu amaqabunga emoyeni owomile;
- ukubola, ukubulala ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi;
- ukuthuthumela kumakhaza noma lapho uthambisa ngamanzi angafudumele.
Ukusakazeka kwamaphayiphu angaphakathi
Naphezu kwesimo se-exotic elite, uphayinaphu akukho nzima ukusabalalisa ngokwazo. Lesi sitshalo kulula ukukhula ngaso kusuka ezilwanyweni eziqoqwe kusuka izithelo ezivuthiwe, ezivuthiwe. Kepha izindlela zokusanhlamvu zithandwa kakhulu - ukwahlukaniswa kwamalokethi endodakazi kanye nezimpande ze-cutways ze-apical.
Ukuze usikwe kumaphayinaphu, sebenzisa ihlumela le-apical, ukhula ngaphezulu kwezithelo. I-sultan isikwa ngokucophelela ngengxenye yepulpiti noma iphule, isonteke ezitsheni, ihlutshulwe emaqabungeni aphansi, iveze i-2-3 cm yesiqu futhi ivumele ucezu ukuba lome izinsuku eziningana.
Izimpande zikaphayinaphu zingcolile esihlabathini esimanzi, zigcina amazinga okushisa azinza kusuka ku-+20 kuya ku- + 22 ° ะก. Izimo zokugcina ukushisa, ukukhosela nge cap noma i-foil ziyimpoqo.
Izingane uphayinaphu ezisanda kuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwesitshalo. Izikejana zendodakazi ezihlukene kuphela lapho zikhula zaba ukuphakama okungama-15 cm noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze ubambe izimpande, ungasebenzisa ingxube yomhlaba we-peat-sand futhi umboze izingane nge-cap noma ifilimu.
Uma usuvele unophayinaphu wasendlini okhula ekhaya, wabelana ngesipiliyoni sokukhula kumazwana. Kuzojabulisa abafundi abaningi be- "Botany".
