Isithombe sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya se-Fern BlechnumAma-ferns angenye yezitshalo ezindala. Abantu maphakathi nekhulu le-XIX bafunda ukubakhulisa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Lezi zihlahla ezivulekile ezivulekile kakhulu zithandwa kakhulu namuhla. I-ferns yendlu yobukhulu obukhulu ihlobisa izindlu, amafulethi, amahhovisi, amahhotela, izikhungo. Elinye lazo, ifomu lasekuqaleni, iBlechnum, noma iBrookeback Derbyanka. Le mbali inomqondo omangalisayo, kepha muhle ngokumangalisayo. Kubukeka njengesihlahla sesundu esinomqhele omkhulu. Ngokulula ebuhleni izodlula noma yisiphi esinye isitshalo sokuhlobisa amahlamvu.
Incazelo yeBlehnum noma iDerbyanka
Imvelo idale izinhlobo ezingama-200 zalesi sitshalo. Kusatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezishisayo nezingaphansi komhlaba. Izwe laseDerbyanka yiNew Caledonia, iNingizimu Melika kanye ne-Australia. Emvelweni, isihlahla sikhula sifinyelele kumitha eyodwa. Ekhaya, ubukhulu bawo bunesizotha ngokwengeziwe.
Ezincwadini zakudala, kuvela isiqu, lapho kukhona amaqabunga afana “nesigqoko” sesihlahla sesundu. Lapha isiqu, esingaphezu kwe-rhizome eguquliwe, embozwe isikali esinsundu, singafinyelela kufinyelela kumitha yemitha. Imibala emide, iluhlaza okotshani ngombala, amaqabunga e-cirrus ahlakazekile afinyelela ku-80 cm. Ngakho-ke, lapho le fern iba indala, ukubukeka kwayo kuyahluka ngokwabalingani bayo futhi kufana nesihlahla sesundu.
Noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, iDerbianki kuyaqabukela iqhume. Futhi musa ukunikeza izimpikiswano njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa ama-ferns kusuka ezinhlamvwini yimpumelelo enkulu. ISporangia isendaweni engaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya kweBlechnum
Isithombe se-blechnum humpback houseplants
Ama-blehnums, njengawo wonke ama-ferns, ayaziswa ngamaqabunga awo amnandi. Bafunwa kakhulu, kodwa bebheka izici zokushisa nezomswakama, zingatshalwa ngempumelelo ekhaya
Okufanele ukwenze ngemuva kokuthenga
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ngemuva kokuthengwa ukufakelwa. Izitshalo zithengiswa ezimbizeni ezincane ezinomhlabathi we-peat, okudinga ukushintshwa. Kuliqiniso, okungenani isonto ngemuva kokutholwa. Ayeke uBlehnum aqale akhululeke. Sithatha imbiza amasentimitha amathathu kuya kwezinhlanu ekhululekile kunaleyo ethengiwe. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa ipulasitiki noma itini. Inketho enhle - ingilazi, i-ceramic, iziqukathi zobumba ezinomgodi wokudonsa kanye nethreyi.
Inhlabathi ingalungiswa ngokuzimela. Into esemqoka ukuthi kufanele kube ukukhanya. Ukwenza lokhu, i-peat, izinaliti ezichotshoziwe, amaqabunga abolile, isihlabathi sengezwa ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo. Isidingo sokuqala ukungukubulala magciwane, ngakho-ke okokuqala udinga ukufaka le ngxube kuhhavini amahora ambalwa, ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme. Lapho imbali isivele ithathelwe indawo, kufanele iniselwe ngamanzi axazululiwe. Bese uhlukaniswa yedwa izinsuku ezimbalwa! Kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi iDerbyanka ethengiwe ayinazo izimpawu zokutheleleka kwezinambuzane. Futhi lapho kuphela, ukusondela kwezinye izitshalo zasendlini kuzobe kuphephile.
Ukukhanyisela i-Blehnum
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, lesi sitshalo sikhula kahle emthunzini wezihlahla, izinhlobo zezinto zasendlini zisadinga ukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga ayovunguza, hhayi aqhakaze futhi mancane.
Udinga ukubeka ebhodweni endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha uvikeleke elangeni eliqondile, ngokwesibonelo, imitha elilodwa ukusuka ewindini. I-Derbyanka ekhululeke kakhulu izizwa isendleleni eseningizimu mpumalanga. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-fern iyabekezelela indawo yangomakhelwane waseningizimu ngokulinganayo, lapho kukhona khona ilanga “eliphephile” nelasenyakatho, ngoba alithandi ukushisa.
Ukushisa okunethezekayo
Ngaphandle kwendawo efudumele eqinile, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ikhule iBlehnum. I-Paradox: lesi sitshalo sihlanganisa i-thermophilicity yaso nokungathandi amazinga okushisa aphakeme. Ukubusa okulinganiselwe kokushisa yilokho kanye okudingekayo ekukhuleni okuphelele kanye nentuthuko. Ehlobo nasentwasahlobo, izinga lokushisa elilungile lingama-19- 26 ° C enophawu lokuhlanganisa, ebusika, ekuphumuleni, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C.
UFern unezici eziningi "eziyinkimbinkimbi". Enye yazo uthando lomoya omusha. Ngakho-ke, i-Blehnumum idinga ukuhlanzeka, kodwa umoya ojwayelekile. Ehlobo kuzoba ngcono emoyeni ohlanzekile, inqobo nje uma kuvikelwe ekushiseni nasekuqhubekeni nokunakekelwa okuhleliwe.
Ngaphansi kwembiza yefern kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ukupholisa kwawo lesi sitshalo kulimaza kakhulu kune-sushi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukubeka ama-Blehnums ezitimeleni, ukuvikela kusuka ku-hypothermia engaba khona yaphansi noma ngezinto zefenisha.
Kubalulekile ukwazi: Izitha zikaDerbyanka ziyi-drafting, amaconsi okushisa komoya, ama-sill ebanda kakhulu wewindi, umoya oshisayo ovela kuma-air conditioners, ama-heater radiators afudumeza.
Ukunisela nomswakama
UFern uthanda kakhulu umswakama, futhi udinga nomswakama ophezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunakwenzeka ukuwufafaza, ngoba awuthandi umswakama oqondile wamaqabunga! Kuzokwazi ukwandisa umswakama womoya ngokusebenzisa ama-humidifiers, kanye nokubeka ama-moss aminyene kanye namatshe amatshe emfuleni.
Ubunzima benombolo yesibili - udinga amanzi wekhwalithi yokunisela: kuxazululwe, kufudumele kancane, ngaphandle kokuqukethwe kokhilimu. Amanzi asezingeni eliphansi angadala isifo sezitshalo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, emazingeni aphakeme okushisa komoya, iDerbianka idinga ukuthambisa kaningi futhi okukhulu. Ebusika nasekwindla - ngokulinganisela futhi mnene. Umswakama omningi kanye nokoma ngokweqile kunomphumela omubi ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo. Phakathi kokunisela, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale inomswakama.
Ukungahambisani nemithetho yokunisela: ukuthambisa ngokweqile, amanzi abandayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-chlorine kuholela ekubukekeni kokubola ezimpandeni. Lapho-ke ingxenye yomhlaba we-fern iphenduka iphuzi, yomile futhi ilahlekelwe umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma i-fern ekhula ngenkuthalo ingazitholi izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ngenani elifanele, umbala wamaqabunga uba mnyama. Zingaphenduka ziphuzi ngokuphelele noma zomile, okuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.
Isitshalo entwasahlobo nasehlobo kabili ngenyanga kumele sondliwe ngomanyolo, kokubumbayo kanye nangamaminerali. Ngasikhathi sinye, khumbula ukuthi iDerbyanka isengozini enkulu yokudla ngokweqile. Umthamo onconyiwe kufanele wehliswe ngesigamu. Ekwindla nasebusika, ngemuva kokufakelwa, kungcono ukungavundisi inhlabathi.
Ukufakelwa kweBlehnum
Ungasidlulisela kanjani isithombe se-blackberry derbyanka
Entwasahlobo, lapho izimpande zefern zigcwalisa ngokuphelele ibhodwe, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuze kuliwe. Amandla akumele acindezelwe, kepha futhi akakhawulelwe mahhala. Njengomthetho, lenyuka ngo-4-5 cm, ukuze izimpande zibe lapho zingakhula khona. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokufakelwa, iBlechnum kumele iniselwe futhi kususwe amaqabunga aphuzi.
Udinga ukuwutshala engxenyeni eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe ngeferns, noma ingxube yenhlabathi eqoqwe kusuka ku-hardwood, humus, peat, sand, charcoal kanye ne-sphagnum. Imbali ayikubekezeleli ubukhona be-lime emhlabathini. Futhi ngokuqinisekile imisele (amatshe amatshe noma amatshe) isetshenziselwa ukuvikela izimpande emswakama ngokweqile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-fern yondliwa kuphela ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5.
Izihlahla
Kukholelwa ukuthi iDerbyanka ayidingi izihlahla, ngoba ayinagatsha. Kepha ngaphandle kwe- "purge" ehlelekile, izobukeka ingenandaba futhi ilahliwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaqabunga amadala aphansi ayawa, omile, kepha wona uqobo awawa, aqale ukonakalisa ukubonakala kwesihlahla. Kufanele zisikwe ezansi kwesiqu ngaphandle kokushiya iziqu. Awukwazi ukuthinta uphilile futhi umncane, noma ngabe "akhasa aphuma" ngomqhele ojwayelekile wezitshalo ezindala.
Ukusakazeka kwe-fleckham noma i-derbyanka
Ungasakaza kanjani isithombe se-blackhead derbyanka
I-Shrub isakazeka ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuhlukaniswa kanye nezinhlamvu.
Ukwahlukaniswa kwe-Bush
UDerbyanka ubekezelela ngobuhlungu ngisho nokufakelwa okujwayelekile. Kepha uma kungekho enye indlela, isitshalo sikhule kakhulu, ungasebenzisa ummese ukuhlukanisa i-rhizome ibe izingxenye eziningana. Okufuneka kuqala: ngamunye wabo kufanele aqukethe amaphuzu okukhula amaningana nezimpande ezinamandla.
Inqubo ingenziwa kuphela kuma-fern ngamaphuzu wokukhula okungenani okungenani amane. Ngokutshala, kusetshenziswa imbiza ebanzi enenhlabathi enezithelo eziningi. Izitshalo zizodinga ukuzivumelanisa nesikhathi eside nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Isikhathi esithile bazokhula kancane kancane, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lwenziwe futhi lumiswe isikhathi eside.
Ukusakazwa kotshani obumnyama wotshani ngama-spores
Izingxabano ngesithombe se-Blehnum derbyanka
Izikhala zisebenza endaweni engezansi yamaqabunga. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela banzi, kepha iziqukathi ezincane ezigcwele ingxube yeshidi, i-peat nesihlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise inhlabathi bese uyithela ngamanzi ashisayo. Ama-spores aphathwa ngesisombululo se-quinosol. Ngokuqinisekile izitshalo zimbozwe ngefilimu noma ngengilazi.
Ukuhlwanyela kanjani izinhlamvu zesithombe se-derbyanka blehnum
I-nursery ibekwe endaweni emnyama enezinga lokushisa elizolile lama-22 degrees. Isidingo sangaphambi kokushisa okuphansi nesithunzi esiphelele ngaphambi kokuhluma kwezinhlumela zokuqala. Ukuvela kwezithombo kungalindeleka ngaphezu kwenyanga eyodwa. Ngemuva kwalokho amahlumela atshalwa ezitsheni ezibanzi ngengxube ye-peat, humus kanye nenhlabathi enamaqabunga.
Isithonjana esimnyama sithwebula isithombe
Kwi-Blehnum encane, ukukhanyisa okuthambile kanye nezimo ezinzile kakhulu kubalulekile. Lapho-ke zikhule ezitshalweni zokugcina izithombo. Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo zifinyelele amasentimitha amahlanu, zidonswa kwizitsha ezihlukile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Blechnum imelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezifo, noma kunjalo, uma amaqabunga ephenduka ephuzi futhi eba namabala ku-fern, igumbi lishisa ngokweqile, noma amaqabunga ahlangana namanzi. Ziyabuna, ziyafiphala, ziqhekeke futhi zife ngaphansi kwethonya ngokweqile elangeni, okusalungiswa, amazinga okushisa aphansi, namanzi afudumele.
Izivakashi ezihlala njalo zingaba yizinambuzane. Ngemuva kwalokho amaqabunga ayobuye aphuzi futhi ambozwe ngamabala ansundu. Isikali, izibungu zesicabucabu zingathela kubo ngempumelelo. Kulokhu, ukuphambuka okuncane kusuka ekunakekelweni okuhle kwanele.
Ukuze uvikele izinambuzane, kunconywa ukuthi amaqabunga aphathwe ngamanzi kagwayi futhi asulwe ngoboya bekotoni afakwe kusisombululo sotshwala. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlaselwa okungathi sína, indlela engcono kakhulu yokususa ama-insecticides.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvikela okubaluleke kakhulu kweDerbyanka ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni ukugcina izinga lokushisa nomswakama ofanele.
Kuhle kakhulu futhi muhle
AbakwaBlehnumy ngabamele abamhlophe bomndeni wefern, abadinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okufanele. Basatshiswa amakhaza, okubhaliwe nomoya owomile. Izihlahla zidinga umswakama ophezulu, kepha azibekezeleli ukufafazwa. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuhlakulela uhlobo oluhle lweDerbianka enamaqabunga angavamile, athambile uma ulandela ngokucophelela imithetho yokunakekelwa.
Futhi i-fern ngokuqinisekile izobonga. Uyosindisa emsindweni. Ngenxa yamandla ayo, izoqala ukuheha abantu abanobuntu, ikhulule amahloni, futhi isize ukuba nobuntu obuhle. Lezi zitshalo kuphela ngokuba khona kwazo endlini zizosiza ekuvuseleleni umphefumulo nomzimba.
Izinhlobo zama-blehnums asekhaya anencazelo nesithombe
Izimo zefulethi zilungele ukutshala kwezinhlobo ezimbalwa zeBlehnum kuphela.
IHumpbacked derbyanka Blechnum gibbum
Blechnum humpback Blechnum gibbum isithombe
Abathandi bezitshalo zasendlini bavame ukukhetha ukubukeka kweBlehnum Humpback, ozizwa ekude nokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo. Isici esiyingqayizivele luhlaza okotshani obukhanyayo, amaqabunga ama-wavy wesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwesiqu. UFern uyakwazi ukumelana nomoya owomile.
IBrazil derbyanka Blechnum brasiliense
Isithombe se-brleense se-Blechnum brazense
Ohlukile iBrehnum yaseBrazil ethanda umswakama nelanga. Umbuso wayo wokushisa awubi phansi kuno-+18 ° C. Igama uqobo likhuluma ngezwe lakubo. Ngokuvamile eBrazil bahlobisa iziza zasengadini, izizinda zamachibi, imithombo, izindawo ezivulekile. Isici esiyingqayizivele salezinhlobo ngamaqabunga atholakalayo atholakala esiqwini esinzima, esibukhali, esinombala onsundu: kubamele abasebasha siyithusi ngombala, kubantu abadala luhlaza okugcwele.
I-Fern Blechnum Mura noma iwundlu spikelet Blechnum spicant
I-Fern Blechnum Mura noma isithombe se-squamous Blechnum spicant
IBlehnum iBrazil ithathwa njengezinhlobo "zokugcina ukushisa" ezingatholakali, kanye neBlehnum Pilchaty enhle, nayo enamacembe amnyama, cishe ne-petioles emnyama umbono weBlehnum Mura. Lolu hlobo luvela e-Australia, elinye igama linguDerbyanka spiky. Ukuthanda ukushisa, ukumelana kabi nokusalungiswa. Inokukhula okuncane, amasentimitha angama-30 kuphela .. Ama-petioles amaqabunga acishe abe mnyama. Amaqabunga ngokwawo mancane, ngemibala esukela ekukhanyeni kuya eluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, obukhazimulayo.
Isibonakaliso se-Derbyanka Indian Blechnum
Isithombe se-Blechnum india Blechnum indexum
Kwi-rhizome enhle ebunjiwe yase-Indian Blehnum, engeqi ku-50 cm, kunamaqabunga aqhakazile, acwebezelayo.
I-Derbyanka Japanese noma i-Nippon Blechnum nipponicum
I-Blechnum japanese noma ingono ye-Blechnum nipponicum isithombe
I-subspecies yaseJapan ye-Blehnum ayimithi ebandayo, incane ngosayizi - ifinyelela kuma-40 cm, inamacembe amade, amancanyana, amancanyana, aluhlaza.
Derbyanka umfula iBlechnum fluviatile
Isithombe se-Blechnum Blechnum fluviatile isithombe
Izinhlobonhlobo zeDerbyanka ezibizwa ngokuthi uMfula zingabonakala ngefafaza lakhe lephepha le-oval ende nomqhele oyindilinga. Ukuphakama kwawo kungama-40 cm, futhi ububanzi bamahlamvu bufika kuma-30 cm.
