Ukusakazeka kwama-violets

Enye yezinganekwane zasendulo zamaGrikhi zinikezelwe emsukweni ongaqondakali wezimbali ze-violet. U-Apollo omuhle - unkulunkulu welanga - wazijabulisa ngokujaha i-nymph esemncane - indodakazi ka-Atlas ngemisebe yelanga eshisayo.

Into emnyama, eqedwa yilanga elivutha amalangabi, wathandazela usizo kunkulunkulu owesabekayo nonamandla kunabo bonke uZeus. Azizwe enozwela, uZeus wayiguqula yaba yi-violet wayifihla elangeni empahleni yakhe - emthunzini wezihlahla maphakathi nehlathi. Ufihliwe emehlweni abanye, washiya kuphela ukuba azijabulise. Kuze kube ngolunye usuku, indodakazi kaZeus Proserpine yahambahamba ehlathini. Ukuthola izimbali ezinhle, uProserpina wakha isimbali, futhi lapho esebuya wabanjwa yiPluto yobuqili. Ngokwesaba, iProserpine yaphosa isobho, nama-warts asakazeka ezulwini kwaphezulu emhlabeni womuntu onesono.

UViolet, isi-Latin - Saintpaulia, abantu - umfowethu-udadewabo, amabhu, amabhlogo asensimini, umbala oshaye umbala, izigqoko.

Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-450 ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Iningi lazo zisetshenziswa emasikweni. Umumo wejogi ubanzi kakhulu. Ama-Violets akhula ezifundeni ezishisayo, ezindaweni eziphansi, nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseYurophu, e-Asia, eMelika, e-Australia, e-Australia naseNew Zealand.

Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-500 zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifudumele zasenyakatho hemisphere.

Ngobubanzi obunjalo, ama-violets afana kakhulu ekukhetheni kwawo indawo yokuhlala: cishe bonke bakhetha izindawo ezivulekile noma ezibunjiwe ngokwanele, ezinomswakama ngokulinganisela.

Izitshalo ze-herbaceous zonyaka, ezi-biennial and perennial herbaceous. Amacembe ahlelwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo noma aqoqwe endaweni ethengisa izimpande. Izimbali azishintshi, amacembe aphansi makhulu kunezinye, ngokuphuma okungatheni noma okuvela phansi, ezinye zinama-marigolds, amhlophe, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, abomvu. Izithelo ziyibhokisi. Ku-1 g, imbewu efinyelela ku-800, okugcina ukuhluma kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2.

Amathiphu Wokunakekela

Indawo: khetha izindawo ezinelanga, izindawo ezivulekile nezinothileyo. I-furt enamakha imelana nokufiphaza okukhanyayo, kepha izimbali eziningi zibonwa ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe. Ezindaweni ezinomthunzi futhi womswakama, lezi zitshalo zivame ukuhlushwa i-slugs.

Inhlabathi: khula futhi uqhakaze kangcono emazweni acebile, anamanzi, anomhlabathi omanzi. Isimo sezulu esomile, ukuthambisa kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwalokho izimbali ziba mncane futhi izimbali ziyama.

Ukunakekela: ziphendule ngokungafanele kumanyolo omusha we-organic. Ukususa izimbali eziqothulayo kwandisa ukuqhakaza. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufeza ukugqokwa okuphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile ngomanyolo wamaminerali ngesilinganiso esingama-30- 40 g nge-10 l lamanzi. Ebusika obunzima, izitshalo zidinga indawo yokukhosela elula namagatsha ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi noma ngamahlamvu ezihlahla.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-Spotting. Amabala avela emaqabungeni ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Kumaqabunga aphansi avela engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, bese kusitshalo sonke. Ngomonakalo omkhulu, amaqabunga ayoma, isitshalo siba buthaka. Ukutheleleka kuyaphikelela kumfucumfucu wezitshalo, ingxenye yezimbewu.

Izindlela zokulawula: Ukubhujiswa kwezinsalela zezitshalo, ukugaya okujulile kwenhlabathi, ukufafaza nge-foundationazole, insipho yethusi ne-Bordeaux ngokuphumula kwezinsuku eziyi-12-14 kuyadingeka.

Umlenze omnyama. Kuthinta isisekelo sesiqu ezitshalweni nasezitshalweni. Esizeni se-lesion, isiqu siba mnyama bese siba mncane. Izitshalo ezigulayo zizothanda futhi zife. Lesi sifo senzeka lapho izinga lokushisa, umswakama wokukhanya liphulwa, kanye nezitshalo eziwugqinsi.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukuqina kwezilimo kanye lokushisa okuphakeme kanye nomswakama kufanele kugwenywe. Ukubulala amagciwane noma ukufakwa kwenhlabathi kuyadingeka, ngokunisela inhlabathi ngemuva kokuhlwanyela kanye nezithombo ngokumiswa kwe-foundationazole namakhemikhali afanayo esenzweni, kulandelwa ukukhululwa.

I-Clover scoop. Ama-scoops wesikhukhamba adla amaqabunga ezitshalo. Umbala wamathrekhi uluhlaza okhanyayo onsundu, emuva kukhona umugqa omnyama, ukhilimu ezinhlangothini.

Izindlela zokulawula: ngokumelene namacimbi amancane, ukufafaza izitshalo ngama-chlorophosomes, ukumiselwa kukagwayi kuyasebenza.

Umama weparele violet. Umama wezimbungulu zepharele zidla amaqabunga ama-violets. Amakhethini amnyama ngomugqa ohlangothini omhlophe ngokwebala. Indiza uBhungane - Meyi-Juni.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza izitshalo ngama-chlorophosomes, ukumiselwa kukagwayi kusiza ngokumelana namacimbi amancane.

Izindlela zokuzala

Ukutshala amahlamvu

Njengamabhodwe, ungasebenzisa iziqukathi zepulasitiki ezivela ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo yobisi. Izindebe ezilahlayo noma amabhodlela epulasitiki anqunyiwe nawo afanelekile.

Uma uthenge amaqabunga amaningana, khona-ke zingatshalwa ndawonye ku-cuvette ngesinyathelo esingu-5 cm. Ubukhulu bengqimba yomhlaba kufanele bube yi-4-5 cm.

Amanzi ngamanzi amancane afudumele. Gcina umhlabathi umanzi kancane. Zama ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kokungalungisiwe kanye nemisebe yelanga eqondile.

Ukulungiswa kweshidi

Geza ishidi ngaphansi kwempompo yamanzi abandayo. Sika isiqu ngeshidi elihlanzekile esikhaleni sama-degree angama-45 ubude obuyi-2-4 cm.

Igqabi lokufakelwa

Kungcono ukusebenzisa umhlaba omile futhi ompofu ngokwakhiwa. Izingoma zomhlaba ezingenzeka:
- Ingxenye e-1 yomhlaba waseSenpolia, izingxenye ze-0.3 zesihlabathi esihlanjiwe.
Noma
- Izingxenye ezi-2 zokuxubha komhlaba, inhlabathi eyi-1, ungangeza nezingxenye ezi-2 ezihlanganisiwe.

Ukushintshwa kweshidi

Songa ibhodwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki. Hlamba ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwenyanga, kungakuhle ukwelapha iqabunga nganoma imuphi umkhiqizo wokulawula izinambuzane onamakhemikhali.
Ukushisa komoya - degrees 18-27. Ngama-degree ayi-18, i-polyethylene ingasuswa ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, ngama-27 degrees - emva kwenyanga.

Izingane ezikhulayo

Ishidi livela "zingane." Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lama-degree angama-18 kuya kwangu-26 liyenzeka. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, amaqabunga amancane akhula afinyelela ku-1/3 kasayizi wezingane. Ngalesi sikhathi, bahlukene.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezingane

Thatha ibhodi lomama nezingane emhlabeni bese uhlukanisa ngokucophelela izinsana. Ingane ngayinye ingaba namaqabunga ama-4-6. Kungcono ukuthi ufafaze iphuzu lokuphuka namalahle achotshoziwe. Manje udinga ukutshala ingane ngayinye ebhodweni layo elincane.

Izingane ezizimele zempilo

Umhlaba akufanele uhluke kakhulu kulokho iqabunga lomama lakhula kulo. Amaviki amabili okuqala, izinga lokushisa lomoya elingu-22-26 degrees liyafiseleka. Ngokuzayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi afinyelela kuma-20 degrees nawo ayemukeleka.

Kudluliselwa kwelinye ibhodwe

Ububanzi bokukhishwa buye baba obuphindwe kathathu ububanzi bebhodwe. Dlulisela i-violet ngensimbi yomhlaba ebhodweni elikhudlwana ngo-1-1,5 cm. Phansi bese wengeza umhlabathi “we-Saintpaulia” ozungeze imiphetho. Ungenza lo mhlaba ngokwakho:
- 2 izingxenye zomhlaba sheet
- Ingxenye e-1 yendawo yokugcwala
- Izingxenye eziyi-1.5 zomhlaba we-coniferous
- 1 ingxenye yesihlabathi
- 1 ithisipuni lamalahle achotshoziwe ngamagremu ayi-300 omhlaba.

Ukufakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana kuyaphindwa lapho ukuphuma kukhula.

Ukukhula kuphume "kwengane"

Ukunakekelwa kwengane

Geza umntwana ngaphansi kwempompo ebandayo. Phatha ngokuxosha okuthile kwezinambuzane.

Thela amanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni ngaphansi kwamaqabunga. Gcina umhlabathi umanzi kancane. Zama ukuvikela lesi sitshalo kokungalungisiwe kanye nemisebe yelanga eqondile. Izinga lokushisa aliphansi kune-18 degrees.

Kudluliselwa kwelinye ibhodwe

Ububanzi bokukhishwa buye baba obuphindwe kathathu ububanzi bebhodwe. Dlulisela i-violet ngensimbi yomhlaba ebhodweni elikhudlwana ngo-2 cm. Phansi bese wengeza indawo ethi “Senpolia” ezungeze imiphetho. Ukufakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana kuyaphindwa lapho ukuphuma kukhula.

Ukusakazeka kwe-Peduncle

Ukusakazwa kwe-senpolia yi-peduncle kuyasetshenziswa uma kunesidingo ukuze kulondolozwe futhi kudluliselwe enzalweni umbala oyinkimbinkimbi (oyindida) wembali. Lokhu, okokuqala, ama-cultivar-chimera angadlulisi imibala yokuhlukahluka lapho kusakazwa ukusikwa kwamaqabunga. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngokuthatha isisekelo sendodana yokutholwa noma i-peduncle. Ungasakaza ngesigaxa sezimbali nezinhlobonhlobo zakho eziyizintandokazi, ikakhulukazi uma kunikeza ezemidlalo eziningi noma umbala wombala ogcwele ama-dash, imivimbo, amachashazi. Ukusakazwa yi-peduncle cishe i-100% kudlulisela umbala ongathandeki.

Siphula i-peduncle eqinile enezimbali ezinhle kakhulu. Silala endaweni elukhuni, ngensimbi ebukhali sayinquma engxenyeni engezansi, sishiya u-1 cm stipule (amaqabunga amancane ku-peduncle). Zonke izimbali namahlumela kuyasuswa, kushiye amahlumela aze afike ku-3-5mm ukuphakama. “Umuthi” omncane osele yilokho esikudingayo. Kuhle ukuthulula izingcezu ngamalahle achotshoziwe, onomphumela ofanayo kwizingcezu zezitshalo njenge-iodine yabantu.

Thatha imbiza encane noma inkomishi yepulasitiki esobala. Phansi sibeka ungqimba we-moss 1.5 cm. Thela ungqimba lwenhlanganisela yomhlaba yokuqanjwa okufanayo nokwenqubo yokusika amaqabunga engqimba ngo-2-2,5 cm. Ngenduku enkabeni yebhodwe sakha ukujula bese sifaka ngokucophelela i-peduncle kumastipule. Nisela kancane bese ufaka abamba ukushisa noma esikhwameni. Moss ezansi ebhodweni ngemuva kokuchelela kufanele ihlale yomile. Sinamathela igama lezinhlobonhlobo nosuku lokutshala. Isikhathi esithile, i-peduncle "izohola" ngenkathi ukwakheka kwezimpande kwenzeka. Akukona kudingekile ukufafaza lesi sitshalo, ngeke kube nokunciphiswa okuningi ngesikhathi sokunisela okuningana. Futhi izimo zokugcina ukushisa zizosiza inqubo yokubamba imbala iqale ngokunempumelelo. Sifaka imbiza endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha hhayi enelanga futhi efudumele (+ 20-24 degrees).

Kuyadingeka ukunisela okuncane kakhulu ukuze i-moss engezansi ebhodweni ihlale yomile. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyibeka endishini esobala, ukuze kube lula ukubheka inqubo. Uma konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele, bese kuthi emuva kwesikhashana ku-sinuses yamakhasi amancane kuzovela - izitolo zethu ezizayo. Isikhathi sokubukeka kwesisekelo esincanyana sihluke kakhulu. Zingavela ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5 ngemuva kokutshalwa kwe-peduncle, noma mhlawumbe kamuva.

Ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamapheshana amancane ku-sinuses yezikhwama kukhombisa ukubamba kwezimpawu okuphumelelayo. Amabhuleki ngokwawo angakhula kancane. Ngodonga olubonakalayo lwebhodwe, kubonakala sengathi uhide lwezimpande ezimhlophe oluzungeze inqwaba yobumba lwalubonakala. Manje usungavula kancane kancane abamba ukushisa noma iphakheji, ujwayela isitshalo ezimeni zekamelo. Ukunisela okufanayo, ezingxenyeni ezincane futhi kuphela lapho ungqimba oluphezulu lomhlaba loma.

Lapho izitolo ezisencane zikhula ngo-2-3 cm ukuphakama, susa ibhodwe ku-greenhouse noma esikhwameni. Uma “umlenze” ongenazimpande ususunguliwe endaweni yokuphuma, ungawusonga nge-sphagnum moss ukuze ubumbe. Sikhula kuze kubunjwe amaqabunga ama-2-3 amaqabunga futhi atshalwe, njengasekuhlukanisweni okujwayelekile kwezingane, lapho sithuthukisa i-violet ngesika seqabunga.

Ukusakazwa kwembewu

Ngosizo lokusakazwa kwembewu, i-senpolia iphumelela ekugcwaliseni kabusha iqoqo ngokushesha ngenzalo entsha ethokozisayo enezimfanelo zokuhlobisa ezazingaziwa ngaphambili. Imbewu yama-violets ivame ukuboshwa ngokuzixubha, bese impova iwela pistil lembali efanayo noma eyomakhelwane. Izithombo ezitholwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ezinjalo, njengomthetho, azihlukile ezicini ezithakazelisayo.

Bheka kahle ukwakheka kwembali ebomvu. Inezitho zombili zokuzala zabesifazane (ipistil ehlanganisa ama-stigmas, ikholamu kanye ne-ovary), kanye nowesilisa (ama-stamens ahlukaniswe ngama-anthers kanye nama-stamens). Ama-petals ahloselwe imvelo kuphela ukuheha izinambuzane ezihlasela impova futhi azidlali indima eqondile ekuvundiseni.

Ukuze "inqubo ihambe," impova evela kuma-anthers kufanele iwele ekuhlazweni kwephisi. Ekhaya, impova ye-senpolia yenziwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: impova isuswa ekugcineni okufiphele kwenaliti yokuthunga, ama-tweezers noma, ngemuva kokukhipha isiminyaminya, okuqukethwe i-anther kuthululelwa ephepheni, bese kudluliselwa kusihlamba se-pestle. Kuphephile ukwenza lokhu lapho kudonswa amanzi amancane. Impova kufanele ibe ophuzi okhanyayo futhi ilale kalula kusuka kuma-anthers.

Umphumela wokuvota ngempumelelo - i-ovary ekhula ngokushesha - izovela cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye ukuthi imbewu ivuthwe. Ngeshwa, ngalesi sikhathi eside isikhathi ukukhula kwabo kungathintwa yizinto ezahlukahlukene ezingezinhle: ushintsho lwesizini ezimeni ezincane ze-microclimatic efulethini, ukunakekelwa okungafanele.

NgoMashi-Ephreli, amabhlogo wembewu aqala ukuvuthwa kancane kancane. Luhlaza, uqweqwe, uyindilinga-oblong, bome ngaphandle bese baphenduka "pods" olungcolile-mpunga. Ngayinye iqukethe imbewu emincane ukusuka kwezingu-100 kuye kwezingama-300, ngemuva kokuhlwanyela okuvela cishe inani elifanayo lezithombo.

Vele, ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwembewu yama-violets, ngingathanda ukuthola inzalo enezakhiwo ozifunayo, yize kunzima ukubala lokhu ngenxa yokungabikezeli kokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zofuzo.