Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zamakhherubi esifundeni saseMoscow: ukutshala, ukunakekela nezithombe

Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, amagama athi "cherry" no "cherry" anokuhumusha okufanayo. Futhi lokhu kunengqondo impela, ngoba basondelene. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu kuxhumeka akukwazi ukuguqula ama-cherries omuncu abe ama-cherries amnandi. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, abafuyi bezitshalo bakwazile ukuletha inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-cherries zokutshala ezindaweni ezingaphansi nakwezinye izindawo ezisenyakatho.

Izinhlobo ezihle kakhulu zamakhehla esifundeni saseMoscow: incazelo

Okokukhula ama-cherries amnandi umhlaba ovundile uyadingekanokukhanya okwanele kwelanga. Kepha izindawo ezibandayo zaseMoscow azingakulungeli, ngoba abafuyi bezokwakha izinhlobo ezintsha ezilwa nesithwathwa. Okuthandwa kakhulu yilezi: Iput, Revna, Bryansk, iTyutchevka, uFatezh.

I-Pink Bryansk cherry

Amajikijolo alolu hlobo lwe-cherry ajwayelekile ububanzi ka-21-23 mm, futhi abe nesisindo esingu-5-7 g. Umbala wezithelo upinki, inyama iphuzi. Ngaphakathi kukhona itshe elinsundu, linesisindo esingu-8-9% wesisindo esiphelele se-cherry. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kunoshukela futhi kumnandi. Ubukhulu kanye nobude besiqu kunesilinganiso.

I-Bryansk cherry ine-isikhathi sokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Ukuthatha izithelo kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Muthi oluzivundisayo, ngakho-ke, udinga impova eyengeziwe. Izimbali ze-Cherry ziqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Amajikijolo avuthwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Umkhiqizo ufinyelela cishe ku-78 Ts / ha, kepha mhlawumbe ngaphezulu.

I-Bryansk cherry emnandi, cishe i-2.1-2.7 m, inobuningi besilinganiso samagatsha, amaqabunga makhulu futhi aluhlaza. Izimbali ezingafika kwezintathu ezincane zitholakala ku-inflorescence, inhlamba ne-pestle zisezingeni elifanayo, inkomishi isesimweni sengilazi, amathuna awanayo i-serigation. I-brown cherry iqhakaza liqhakaza.

Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry lunokubuyisa okukodwa: ukungakwazi kokuzenzakalisa. Kepha lokhu akwesabisi kakhulu, ngoba kunezinye izihlahla ezisongela impova, yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: i-Revna, iTyutchevka, i-Iput. Izinzuzo zeBryansk cherry ezimnandi zifaka:

• Izithelo aziqhekeki esimweni sezulu esinethayo.
• Umuthi uyamelana nezifo zokukhunta okuhambisana nalokhu okuhlukahlukene.
• Ukubekezelela okuhle kakhulu kwesithwathwa.
• Ihanjiswa kahle amabanga amade.
• Ukujikeleza empeleni akusithinti isithelo.

Ibanga Iput

Amajikijolo alezi zinhlobonhlobo zam cherries anesisindo cishe 5-5.7 g. Umumo wezithelo uyindilinga, unobubanzi abango-21-23 mm. Umbala wamajikijolo ungumbala, futhi lapho uvuthwe ngokuphelele, cishe umnyama.

Ine-peduncle encane futhi ewugqinsi. Itshe elinesisindo esingu-0,4 g, umthunzi onsundu okhanyayo, unyakaza kahle kusuka epulpiti. Amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, anoshukela futhi muhle.

Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry lusenesikhathi. Kuqala ukuthela izithelo cishe iminyaka emi-5. Njengoba izinhlobo ezichazwe ngenhla zingazithobi, ngakho-ke ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ziyadingeka ukuze zingcoliswe. Izimbali zenzeka ekuseni kakhulu. Inqubo yokuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Isithelo samajikijolo cishe singama-85 Ts / ha, futhi eminyakeni ethile singafinyelela ku-150 Ts / ha.

Izinhlobonhlobo i-Iput ziphakeme impela, cishe u-3.7-4.2 m. Umqhele walesi siko minyene impela, unamaqabunga amaningi ngesimo sephiramidi. Amashidi aluhlaza aqhakazisiwe amnyama anokuphindeka kabili. Kwi-inflorescence kufinyelela kuzimbali ezi-4 ezimhlophe. Pestles kanye stamens zisezingeni elifanayo.

Okubi kwalokhu kuhlukahluka, kanye nohlobo lwesihlahla esichazwe ngenhla, kufaka phakathi ukungabikhona kokuzikhipha, okufuna impova ezengeziwe.

Izinzuzo eziphambili ze-Iput yilezi:

• Ukumelana okuhle kwezifo zokukhunta.
• Kuhanjiswa kahle.
• Ukumelana neqhwa.
• Ama-Buds alezi zinhlobonhlobo abuye abekezelele isithwathwa sentwasahlobo.
• Inika isivuno esilinganiselayo nesilungile ngonyaka.
• I-pulp yezithelo iminyene impela.
• Kuyizinhlobonhlobo zakuqala.

Izinhlobonhlobo zeFatezh

Ukuphakama kwaleli siko ifinyelela ngaphezu kwe-3.5-4,5 m. Lesi sihlahla sinomqhele owucashile ngesimo sebhola, kanye namagatsha aqhakaza. Amaqabunga, njengomthetho, akhombe futhi makhulu, nge-hue eluhlaza ejulile ene-sheen encane. Ama-Buds awafani ngesimo kwezinye izinhlobo. E-inflorescence inezimbali eziningi ze-hue emhlophe.

Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry lubhekwa njengokuqala maphakathi nonyaka. Kuqala ukukhula iminyaka ecishe ibe mi-5. Angeke ifakwe impova yodwa, ngakho-ke, izihlahla ezengeziwe ziyadingeka ekuvundeni, ukuqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye nama Cherry. Ukuze uthole impova enhle kunazo zonke, isisombululo soju sivame ukusetshenziswa.

Isikhathi se-Cherry sezimbali ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka ngoJulayi. Isivuno sonyaka esihlahleni sincishe singama-60 kg, okuyisilinganiso esiningi.

Izithelo ziphakathi ngosayizi, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-4,5-5.1. Okubunjiweyo-elilodwa, kube ne-tint ebomvu-ephuzi. I-pulp impela inoshukela, isuka ithambo kahle. Itshe linobunzima obungu-6-7% wesisindo esiphelele se-berry. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kunoshukela omningi kakhudlwana.

Ububi bezinhlobo zeFatezh:

• Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry olumnandi alubekezeleli ubukhona bekhula, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile uhlanze umhlabathi eduze nesihlahla.
• Ayibekezeleli imimoya enamandla.
• Alikho ikhono lokuzenzisa, elidinga ezinye izihlahla eziqhakaza ngasikhathi sinye nalo.

Izinzuzo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene Izici zifaka:

• Lesi sitshalo sezithelo sithathwa njengesiqholo esivuna kakhulu.
• Ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kwamajikijolo.
• Ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nesithwathwa.
• Lesi sihlahla siyamelana nezifo ezifana ne-cocomycosis ne-moniliosis.
• Akudingi ukuthambisa kaningi.
• Izinhlobo zeFatezh zizoba umhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wesakhiwo sakho.
• I-sweet cherry inesethulo esihle.

Izinhlobonhlobo iTyutchevka

Le nhlobonhlobo inomqhele oyindilinga oyindilinga. Izinso ziphakathi ngosayizi, ngesimo sesigaxa. Amaqabunga aphakathi nendawo nangaphezulu anamaqabunga anayo luhlaza okhanyayo olunendawo enamafutha. Ama-petioles mancane futhi awugqinsi, anemithambo enombala. Lesi sihlahla singobude obuphakathi.

Nge-inflorescence ehlukile, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kunezimbali ezine, i-corolla ngesimo sesosaji, amacembe ayahlangana, ama-anthers aphakeme ngokulinganayo, inkomishi isesimweni sengilazi, amathuna awakhonjwa. Ama-stamens ne-pestle kasayizi ofanayo.

Isisindo se-berry cishe ngama-gram ayi-5.3-7.4, ububanzi obungaba ngu-21-24 mm, unesimo esiyindilinga ebanzi. Ifaka i-burgundy noma i-hue ebomvu emnyama enamachashazi amancane. Inegqinsi isiqu esincane sezithelo. Itshe, elikhonjiswe phezulu, linobunzima obulinganiselwa ku-0,33-0.34 g., I-brown hue ekhanyayo. Kushiya kahle uginindela. I-pulp ngokwayo ibomvu ngombala nge-density enhle. Izithelo zinoshukela impela, zimnandi futhi zinhle.

Lokhu kuqhakaza okuhlukahlukene sekwephuze kakhulu, ngokulandelana, futhi amajikijolo nawo ayaculwa. I-fruiting yesihlahla iqala cishe iminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Isivuno sikhulu impela, cishe i-100 Ts / ha, futhi ngonyaka omuhle kungaba ngu-300 Ts / ha. Le nhlobonhlobo iyazithuthukisa.

Le nhlobonhlobo yamakherubhi ayinakho ukushiyeka okusobala, ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izithelo zingaqhekeka esimweni sezulu esinomswakama kakhulu, kepha lokhu akwenzeki njalo, okuthinta lolu hlobo lwe-cherry olumnandi kahle futhi izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo ezinjengalo.

Izinzuzo zezinto ezahlukahlukene zeTyutchevka:

• Ukumelana nezifo eziningi.
• Amajikijolo anokuthwala okungcono kakhulu, okwenza ukuthi akwazi ukuwahambisa amabanga amade.
• Luhlobo olukhiqiza kahle i-cherry.
• Le nhlobonhlobo iyazithela, enomphumela omuhle ekukhiqizweni, kepha uma kutholakala ama-pollinators angeziwe, lokhu kuzokwandisa inani lamajikijolo.
• Ukumelana neqhwa.
• Amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu futhi amnandi.

Okuhlukahlukene Revna

Amajikijiki alesi sihlahla, njengomthetho, angobukhulu obuphakathi, azincane nezinkulu, zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-4,5. Umumo wezithelo ubonakala ngefreyimu ebanzi ene-apex eyindilinga. Umbala we-Berry burgundy, futhi phakathi kokuvuthwa okugcwele cishe kumnyama. I-pulp ibomvu ejulile, kunalokho iminyene. Inesiqu sobukhulu obuphakathi. Ithambo lishiya kahle uginindela, lunombala onsundu okhanyayo. Izithelo zinoshukela impela futhi zimnandi.

Lesi sihlahla siqala ukuthela izithelo cishe iminyaka emi-5 ngemuva kokutshala. Kuqala ukuqhakaza ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kepha izithelo zivuthwa sekwephuzile ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.

Le nhlobonhlobo iyazicwilisa, kepha izihlahla ezingezekile zokungcoliswa kwemvelo, njengezinhlobonhlobo zamakheli noma i-Iput cherry, zizothuthukisa umkhiqizo kuphela. Isivuno esikhulu kakhulu silinganiselwa ku-120 Ts / ha, kepha isilinganiso singaba ngu-70 Ts / ha.

Le nhlobonhlobo ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ukuphakama okuphakathi, umqhele awunhle kakhulu ngesimo sepiramidi. Onke amajikijolo avela esihlahleni sezimbali sesihlahla. Amaqabunga e-oval e-green hue, anesikhumba esikhulu, ama-petioles alincane ngosayizi. E-inflorescence kunezimbali ezi-4 ze-hue emhlophe, ezibonakala ngokukhululekile phakathi kwazo. Ama-stamens namapayipi afanayo ngosayizi.

Akunamaphutha asobala angachazwa.

Izinzuzo zeRevna Lokhu okulandelayo kuyasebenza:

• Kule lebanga elishiswa yilanga cishe alibonakali.
• Amajikijolo athatha kahle izinto zokuhamba amabanga amade.
• Amajikijolo aphezulu kakhulu ngokubukeka nokunambitheka.
• Njengomthetho, izifo ezahlukahlukene zefungus azithinti lesi sihlahla.
• Ukumelana nesithwathwa esiphezulu.

Ifaka ama-cherries okutshala kuwo amadolobha

Wonke ama-cherries, ngaphandle kokukhetha, athande inhlabathi evundile nokukhanya kwelanga okuhle. Umhlabathi lapho kungadingeki ukuba ukhule kuwo ama-cherries, njengama-cherries, kukhona ama-sandstones kanye nama-loams. Indawo ebanjwayo idinga ukukhethwa izolile. Kuyadingeka nokuthi ikhaya lakho selivele linayo izinhlobo eziningana cherries isikhathi esisodwa sokuvuthwa ukuze lezi izilimo zikwazi impova ngaphakathi kwazo.

Ukutshala ama-cherries noma ama-cherries ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kufanele kwenziwe kwentwasahlobo. Ukulungiselela umhlaba ongatshalwa, akumelwe ukhohlwe ukuthi izimpande ezivundile zanoma yikuphi ukwahlukahlukana zingama-35-85 cm, kanti ezima mpo zikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-2,5. Ngakho-ke, inketho engcono kakhulu ukwenza okulandelayo: enkundleni, esikhundleni semigodi, yenza ukulima kokutshala.

Emgodini owenziwe, i-1/3 kufanele ithulwe ngengxube yamanyolo nomhlaba. Ngaphambi kokuba wehle, ikholomu iqondiswa phansi komgodi. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwenziwa indunduma encane enkabeni, kubekwa isithombo kuyo bese ifakwa kwikholomu, emva kwalokho umgodi ibiwe, ishiye cishe ama-6-6 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlaba .. Ekupheleni kokutshala, inhlabathi iyaniselwa futhi ifakwe emanzini.

Ibanga elifanele phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngamamitha ayi-4-6. Kungcono ukwenza ibanga elikhulu phakathi kwawo, uma kungenjalo, lapho sezivele izihlahla ezikhulile zizoqala ukudana.

Ungawanakekela kanjani ama-cherries emadolobheni aphansi:

• Noma yiziphi izinhlobo zama-cherries, njengama-cherries, azilungile ngotshani bokhula, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile wenze izindlela zokwelapha eduze nezihlahla.
• Ukuvikela amajikijolo ezinyoni, izihlahla zidinga ukumbozwa ngenethi yengadi.
• Izihlahla cishe azithinteki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zokukhunta, kepha izindlela zokuthathwa kwezinyathelo zithathwa njengezinyathelo zokuphepha: kusetshenziswa abasebenza ngokungemthetho, ukuthungwa okunekhono, ukufafaza ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene zokuvikela, kanye nokumba komhlaba okukhanyayo emhlabeni.
• I-Cherry ne-cherry akuvamile ukuniselwa, ngokuvamile kathathu ngonyaka.
• Ukutshala phakathi kwama-cherries ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo kuyazivikela kwisithwathwa ebusika. Futhi, njalo ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukugoqa izihlahla ngephepha bese ebusika engeza iqhwa ukuvikela ama-cherries ukuthi angabandi.
• Okondla ama-cherries nama-cherries amnandi, njengomthetho, umquba owuketshezi usetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nomanyolo wezihlahla zezithelo. Kepha ukugqoka okuphezulu akufakwanga ngaphansi kwesiqu ngokwaso, kubekwa eceleni kwaso.
• Njalo entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukunquma izihlahla futhi ususe amagatsha aphukile, awomile nawanesifo. Futhi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuba nemicu emhlophe.

Kulesi sihloko, sihlolisise izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamakhherubi amnandi wokutshala esifundeni saseMosos nasezifundeni eziphakathi neRussia. Ukubona yonke imithetho yokutshala nokunakekela izihlahla, ungafinyelela isivuno esiningi nesilungile salezi amajikijolo anamnandi futhi amnandi. Ukulungiselela abanekhono ubusika, kanye ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane nokuvimbela izifo hlinzeka ikhaya lakho ngezihlahla zepherishi ezinempilo iminyaka ezayo. Futhi ngemuva kokutshala izinhlobo ezivuthwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene engadini yakho, ungazinikeza amajikijolo amnandi ehlobo lonke bese ulungiselela ujamu unyaka wonke.