I-Patisson, noma ithanga elimise okwenziwe ngo-plate - isitshalo samakhambi minyaka yonke somndeni wePumpkin, uhlobo lwethanga elivamile (Cucurbita pepo) Kuhlakulelwe emhlabeni wonke, endle, lesi sitshalo asaziwa.
Igama lesi Russian lesi sitshalo ukuboleka olimini lwesiFulentshi; igama lesiFulentshi elithi pâtisson lenziwa lisuka ku-pâté (pie), elihlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwesithelo. Imifino nayo ibizwa nge- squash - izithelo ezidliwayo zalesi sitshalo, ezisetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo ne-zucchini, ebilisiwe futhi ethosiwe.
I-Patisson, noma ithanga elimise okwengxenye yepuleti.
Ezincwadini ezifuywayo, kubhekwa igama lesayensi lobuciko Cucurbita pepo var. patisson, noma Cucurbita pepo var. patisoniana. Igama elisungulwe lamatekisi likhona Cucurbita pepo subsp. ovifera, var. ovifera.
Izici zokudla okunempilo, zokudla nezokwelapha ze-squash ziyefana nalezi zethanga ne-zucchini, kepha izinzuzo zokunambitha zalesi siko ziphakeme. Kokubili kudliwa amaqanda amancane kanye nezithelo ezinkulu. Izithelo ezisencane zisetshenziswa ekudleni okuphekwe noma okubunjiwe. I-squash ithosiwe, i-stewed, ingafakwa ngosawoti, ifakwe kugcotshwe bese ithathwa ngokuhlukile noma ndawonye ngamakhukhamba neminye imifino.
Ama-Dietitians ancoma ukusebenzisa u-squash wezinso, isibindi, kanye ne-catarrh, ulonda lwe-peptic kanye ne-atherossteosis. I-squash inomphumela we-diuretic osebenzayo, inomthelela ekumbeni kokuphuma koketshezi kanye ne-sodium chloride evela emzimbeni.
Incazelo ye-squash
IPatisson isitshalo se-herbaceous esinesihlahla esinezimbali ezinamaqabunga amakhulu, aqine. Izimbali zesikwashi azishintshanga, azinangqondo, zinombala ophuzi ngombala. Izithelo zesikwashi ziyithanga; ukwakheka nombala we-fetus, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kungahluka kakhulu: ukwakheka kungakheka njengensimbi noma kuklanywe ngapuleti; imibala - omhlophe, ophuzi, oluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi onamabala nemivimbo.
I-Patisson, isitshalo sezimbali.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza squash
I-squash etshalwe embhedeni ovulekile, ofudumele futhi ofudumele futhi onomoya. Kungcono ukuhlakulela inhlabathi ekwindla. Indawo kufanele iphathwe ngomanyolo we-organic, bese ilinywa noma ibiwe ngaphandle kokuphula imvunulo yomhlaba. Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, kuyadingeka ukukhiqiza indawo ekwindla.
Entwasahlobo, lesi sakhiwo siyadalulwa, ukhula lubhujiswe, bese kuthi engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi alethwe ngaphansi kokumba, ngokuya ngesakhiwo somhlabathi, okulandelayo kwe-organic (uma kungakaze kusetshenziswe kusukela ekwindla) kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali.
Izinhlobo zenhlabathi nomanyolo we squash
Peat enhlabathini. 2 kg we-dus humus noma umquba, 1 ibhakede lomhlabathi osodoli (i-loamy noma inhlabathi yobumba) asetshenziswa nge-1 m²; fafaza isipuni 1 se-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate ne-2 tbsp. wezipuni zokhuni lomlotha. Ngemuva kokwenza zonke izinto ezibunjiweyo, umbhede wembiwa kuze kufike ekujuleni kuka-20-25 cm, 60-70 cm ububanzi, ingaphezulu lidwetshwe futhi liniselwe ngesixazululo esifudumele (35-40 ° C) (izipuni ezi-2 zika-Umanyolo womanyolo ka-Agricola-5 ziyahlanjululwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi), 3 amalitha nge-1 m². Mboza umbhede ngefilimu ukuvimbela ukuphuma komswakama kanye nokugcina ukushisa.
Udaka olucwebe nolukhanyayo. Ama-2-3 kg we-peat, humus ne-sawdust afakwa nge-1 m². Ukusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali engeza 1 isipuni se-superphosphate ne-2 tbsp. wezipuni zokhuni lomlotha.
Inhlabathi enesihlabathi. Nge-1 m², ibhakede eli-1 lomhlaba we-turf, i-peat ne-3 kg ye-humus ne-sawdust iyanezelwa. Izakhi ezifanayo zisetshenziswa kumanyolo njengakwenhlabathi yobumba.
Inhlabathi emnyama evundile. 2 kg of sawdust, 1 isipuni se-superphosphate oluyimpuphu kanye nezipuni ezi-2 zomlotha wokhuni zongezwa nge-1 m².
Umugqa wesikwashi.
Amazwe asethuthukile (amazwe anezintombi). Ukusuka enhlabathini, kubalulekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela zonke izimpande, izibungu ze-wireworm ne-May beetle. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokutshala, kungeniswa ama-2-3 kg we-humus noma umquba kulezi zinhlabathi, futhi kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali - 1 isipuni se-nitrophosphate kanye nezipuni ezi-2 zomlotha wokhuni. Ngemuva kokwenza izakhi zomzimba, isiza siyambiwa bese, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla ngenhlabathi ye-peat, siniselwa ngesixazululo sezakhi ze-Agricola-5.
Ngemuva kokwenza izakhamzimba, ukumba, ukukala nokulinganisa, umbhede umbozwe ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5, ifilimu iyaphakanyiswa bese kuqala ukutshala squash.
Ukulungiselela imbewu ye-squash yokutshala
Ukuthola izithelo zakuqala futhi kuvuthwe ngokulinganayo isivuno kuyo yonke inkathi, isikwashi siyakhula ngezindlela ezimbili: ukuhlwanyela imbewu eyomile noma edumbile nokutshala izithombo. Imbewu ye-squash inkulu, inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba, ngenxa yalokhu, ukukhula kokuqala kwezithombo kuyaqinisekiswa.
Ukuvuselela ukuhluma, ungathambisa imbewu ye-squash kusixazululo se-boric acid (20 mg nge-1 l) ezikhwameni ze-gauze bese ugcina emazingeni okushisa endlu ngosuku, bese uhlanza ngamanzi ahlanzekile bese womile. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuhluma, kuthuthukise ukukhula kokuqala, kusheshise ukukhula kwezitshalo futhi kwandise ukuthela kwezithelo ngo-10-20%.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuba lukhuni imbewu ye-squash (iyanyiswa, ifakwe kwizikhwama ze-gauze futhi igcinwe ngokuhlukile ekushiseni kwe-18-20 ° C ngamahora ayi-6 naku-0-2 ° C amahora angama-18, ukuthambisa ngezikhathi ezithile nokushukumisa izinsuku ezingama-3-5) .
Patisson ovary fetus.
Izinkuthazo zokukhula zingasetshenziselwa nokulungiselela izithombo zezithombo. Imbewu yesikwashi ifakwe kusisombululo se-Bud (2 g nge-1 litre lamanzi); kwehliswe amahora angama-12 e-Engengen (amaconsi ama-5 kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi). Imbewu ephathwa ngaleyo ndlela ihlanzwa ngamanzi bese ishiywe emgudwini oyinyumba wezinsuku ezingama-1-2 ekushiseni okungama-22-25 ° C, emva kwalokho isilungele ukuhlwanyelwa.
I-squash iyindawo enomusa futhi ethanda isivuno kakhudlwana kune-zucchini. I-squash ayimakhaza kakhulu kunamakhukhamba, ngakho-ke izithombo zazo zingatshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Izimo ezikhulayo ziyefana nekhukhamba.
Ayihlwelayo squash
Imvamisa squash ihlwanyelwa ngasikhathi sinye ne-zucchini. Imbewu yezithombo ekhaya ihlwanyelwa ngo-Ephreli 10-25, bese izithombo esezikhulile zitshalwa embhedeni ngoMeyi 15-20.
Lapho uhlwanyela emhlabathini, imbewu ye-squash itshalwa ngohlelo 60x60 cm, ukujula kokuhlwanyelwa kungama-cm cm ayi-7 ezinsweni ezikhanyayo kanye no-3-4 cm kunhlabathi esindayo. Imbewu emibili kuya kwemithathu ifakwa emthonjeni ngamunye kude ne-5-6 cm futhi imbozwe ngumhlaba. Ngemuva kokuvela, izitshalo zidabula, zishiya eyodwa ngasikhathi. Izitshalo ezingaphezulu zingadluliselwa komunye umbhede. Ingaphezulu lemibhede kufanele lifafazwe nge-peat ukuqinisekisa umswakama womhlabathi oqhubekayo.
Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela noma ukufaka izithombo, imibhede ye-squash ivaliwe ngefilimu. Ifilimu isatshalaliswa kuma-arcs, abekwa ngaphesheya kwemibhede ukuphakama okungama-40-50 cm. Uma iqhwaqhwa, kuvunyelwa indawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Ikakhulu, indawo yokukhosela enjalo iyadingeka ebusuku ngoMeyi, lapho yehla kakhulu. lokushisa
Ukukhula ngo-squash ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zamafilimu zesikhashana ezikuvumela ukuba uhlwanyele imbewu emasontweni angama-2-3 ngaphambili, uhlinzeka ngezitshalo ngamanzi angcono nezimo lokushisa, kusiza ekutholeni isivuno sangaphambilini nesichichima okuningi. Amakamelo kufanele anikezwe umoya njalo.
Ukuvikela squash kumakhaza esigabeni sokuqala sokuhlwanyela, ungasebenzisa imibhede efudumeza enobubanzi obukhulu bezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze kwakhiwe umbhede ofudumele emhlabathini, kugaywa iphunga, umquba omusha noma umquba ufakwa lapho, bese kubekwa ungqimba (20-25 cm) wenhlabathi engadini, oniselwa ngesisombululo somanyolo wamaminerali. Ukuhlwanyelwa kuqalwa lapho izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lingama-28-30 C.
I-Patisson, noma ithanga elimise okwengxenye yepuleti.
Ukunakekelwa Kwesikwashi
Ukunakekela ukutshala u-squash kuqukethe ngokunisela inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezitshalo, ukhula, ususe amaqabunga aphansi ukuguga nezithelo ezibolile.
Isikwashi kuyinto hygrophilous, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi izithelo. Nisela izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele (22-25 ° C). Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza izimbali - ama-5-8 amalitha nge-1 m² ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, nangesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezithelo - 8-10 amalitha nge-1 m 1 ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Ukuvikela izitshalo ezifweni kanye nokuvikela ukubola kwezimbali namaqanda, udinga ukunisela isikwashi emiseleni noma ngaphansi kwempande ukuze zingatholi amanzi.
U-squash awukhululi, ungafafazi. Ngokuthambisa njalo, izimpande zezitshalo zidalulwa, ngakho-ke izikhathi ze-1-2 ngesikhathi sokukhula, izihlahla kufanele zifafazwe nge-peat, humus noma noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yenhlabathi enengqimba ka-3-5 cm. Amashidi amadala angu-2. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-4, lokhu kusebenza kuyaphindwa.
Ngenkathi yokukhula, izitshalo ze-squash zondliwa kathathu. Ukugqoka kokuqala okuphezulu kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza: 2 wezipuni zomanyolo we-Vegeta organic ufakwa kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi futhi uniselwe ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-4-5 nge-1 m². Ngesikhathi sokutshala izithelo, izitshalo zondliwa kabili ngekhambi elilandelayo: wezipuni ezi-2 ze-Forward Umanyolo kanye ne-1 ithisipuni le-nitrophoska lihlanjululwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, enikezwe ngesilinganiso samalitha ama-3 ngesitshalo ngasinye.
Kuyasebenza ukuyisebenzisa ukondla ama-mullein (1: 10) noma izinkukhu (1) ngesilinganiso esingu-0,5 ngesitshalo ngasinye. Ukugqoka okunjalo okuphezulu kwanele ukukhula okujwayelekile kanye ne-squash enezithelo.
Isikwashi - izitshalo ezinqamule impova. Ngakho-ke, ngokulungiselelwa kwezithelo ezijwayelekile, badinga izinambuzane ezivunguza impova: izinyosi, izimbungulu, iminyovu. Ezindlini zokugcina amafilimu, esimeni sezulu esibi nasendaweni evulekile, adinga impova eyengeziwe yezandla ukwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, esimweni sezulu esishisayo, sula imbali yesilisa ngempova evuthiwe, sula i-corolla bese uyifaka ezimbalini zesifazane - esibelethweni).
Izithelo zika-squash kumele zihlukaniswe emhlabathini ukuze zingonakaliswa yi-slugs futhi zingaboli. Ngale njongo babekwa kwi-plywood, ebhodini noma engilazini. Izithelo zidinga ukuqoqwa njalo, uma kungenjalo ukwakhiwa kwezithelo ezintsha kuyabambezeleka, kanti ama-ovaries angakakhiwa angakhubazeka.
Patisson.
Izinhlobonhlobo zo-squash
Isimo se-squash sifana ne-disk, insimbi, isitsha noma ipuleti, kanti onqenqemeni ungaba noma ngama-clove, ama-scallops. Kuze kube muva nje, umbala wesintu wezithelo wawumhlophe. Manje kunezinhlobo zaphuzi, o-orenji, oluhlaza okotshani kanye nsomi.
Isikwashi esimhlophe
- 'White 13' - squash yesikhathi esedlule esivivinywe saphakathi nesizini. Isisindo sezithelo sifinyelela ku-450 g. Uginindela umhlophe, awugqinsi.
- I-'Diski '- ivuthiwe kusenesikhathi. Izithelo zingaba ngu-350 g.Ixolo lincane. Uginindela umhlophe, ubomvu, unokonwaba, umnandi kancane.
- 'I-Umbrella' - isikwashi esidala esivuthayo esisezingeni eliphezulu. Izithelo zenziwe ngenkomishi noma zenziwe bell, zinkulu - zinesisindo esingu-0.8-1.4 kg.
- 'Isinkwa' - kwasekuqaleni (kuze kube ukuvuna kokuqala kwezinsuku ezingama-46), kudinga izimo ezikhulayo. Icwebile. Kwisitshalo esisodwa, kufinyelela izithelo ezingama-26 ezinesisindo esingu-180-270 g.
- 'I-Piglet' luhlobo oluvuthwa kusenesikhathi oluhlanganisa isivuno. Izitshalo zihlanganisiwe. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-220-300 g, ikhwalithi enhle kakhulu.
- 'I-Cheburashka' - u-squash ovuthiwe we-Ultra (kufika ekuvuneni kokuqala izinsuku ezingama-35- 39), izinti ezibandayo ezibandayo, nezinhlobonhlobo ezithwala isikhathi eside. Izithelo 200-400 g, amagxolo a mancane, inyama ithambile kakhulu, inoshukela.
- I-F1 'Rodeo' - i-hybrid yakuqala, ekhiqiza kakhulu. Isihlahla sihlangene. I-pulp inomnandi, iminyene, icrispy, ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni.
U-squash we-orange-orange
- 'ILanga' uhlobo lwaphakathi nesikhathi sonyaka, izinhlobo ezikhiqiza ngokuqinile. Izithelo 250-300 g, ekuphukeni kobuchwepheshe okuphuzi okukhanyayo, okugcwele - inyama ye-orange, enokhilimu. Izithelo ezincane ezikheniwe zigcwele.
- I-'UFO Orange '- isikwashi esivele savuthwa. Ama-ovaries akha noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle. Izithelo ezinesisindo esingu-280 g noma ngaphezulu. I-pulp i-orange-ophuzi, i-mnene, igcwele amanzi, inambitheka kakhulu, inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kuka-Vitamin C, i-magnesium, i-iron.
- 'Fuete' - kuvuthiwe kwasekuqaleni. Izithelo 250-300 g, ezigcinwe isikhathi eside. Ipulpiti imhlophe, ithenda, iminyene, imnandi.
Squash squash
- I-'Bingo-Bongo '- kusuka kuzithombo kuya ekuqaleni kwezithelo ezingama-39-43. Izitshalo zihlangene, i-rosette yamaqabunga iyaphakanyiswa (ilungele ukunakekelwa kwamanzi nokunakekelwa). Izithelo zifinyelela ku-450-600 g nge-pulpy eblue, ethambile.
U-squash omnyama oluhlaza
- 'Chunga-Changa' - maphakathi nesizini, izithelo. Izithelo 500-700 g nge-pulp emnene, enoshukela.
- I-'Gosha '- isheshe yavuthwa. Isitshalo sikhulu. Izithelo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa zicishe zimnyama, kuyilapho inyama imhlophe.
Patisson.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Njengomthetho, imbangela eyinhloko yezifo ze-squash kuthambisa ngamanzi abandayo kanye nomehluko wokushisa (imini nobusuku).
I-Anthracnose - isifo sokukhunta. Kubonakala ngesimo sezindawo ezikhanyayo ezinsundu kumaqabunga neziqu. Kuholela ekubukekeni kwezithelo zezilonda ezijulile ze-squash ezigcwele nge-pink mucus. Lesi sifo siqhubeka nomswakama ophezulu.
Ukubola okumhlophe - kubhekisele ezifweni fungal. Kubonakala ngesimo se-plaque emhlophe emhlophe, okuholela ekuthambiseni nasekubungeni kwezicubu ezixekeni, ezintabeni zamahlamvu kanye nezithelo zesikwele. Izifo zivame ukuhambisana nomswakama ophezulu ku-greenhouse.
Ukubola kwezimpande - isifo fungal. Kubangela ukugqabhuka kwamaqabunga, okuholela ekutheni kumiswe konke ukuqhuma nokufa kwezimpande. Lesi sifo sivame ukuhambisana nokushintshwa okungazelelwe kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku, kanye nomswakama ngokweqile ku-greenhouse.
Ukubola okumpunga- Ngalesi sifo, amafomu amakhulu ansundu amaqabunga, iziqu zibola, izithelo zesikwele zimbozwe ngotshani, izindawo ezimanzi ezinomala ompunga, ompunga.
I-mosaic enamabala aluhlaza (I-mosaic emhlophe, i-Ordinary mosaic yamakhukhamba) - ifaniswe nezifo ezingamagciwane. Kubonakala emaqabungeni amancane ngendlela yamabala aphuzi namhlophe bese kuba imibimbi. Kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukuqhuma kwezimbali okungekuhle nombala wezithelo ongacacile. Kuthinta ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezisebenza ngokugcina izithombo.
I-Powdery hlobo - isifo fungal. Kubonakala ngesimo sokumboza okumhlophe noma okubomvu ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga, okuholela ekumeni kwawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kulokhu, isiqu nezithelo zesikwele zingathinteka. Lesi sifo sihambisana nomswakama ngokweqile ku-greenhouse.
I-Peronosporosis, noma Downy isikhutha - eba amaqabunga: amabala avela ohlangothini olungaphezulu kuqala, bese eshintsha umbala nokubukeka, okuthi kamuva kube nsundu. Kuqhakaza amafomu a-greyish-violet ngaphansi kwendawo.
I-Fusarium - isifo fungal. Iningi litholakala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Lesi sifo singathinta izitshalo ngazinye. Ingabonakala njengesifo esiningi sesiko elinikezwe.
Umlenze omnyama- Ithinta izithombo zesikwashi, lapho izimpande zithinteka khona. Lesi sitshalo siphenduka siphuzi esigabeni samaqabunga e-cotyledon, intambo yazo impande iba nsundu. Izimpande zezitshalo zenza mnyama, zibole, zithambe.
I-Whitefly - ilimaza izitshalo ngokuncela ujusi kusuka kumaqabunga. Isinambuzane esphuzi esifinyelela ku-2 mm ubude ngamabili amabili amaphiko amhlophe.
Scoop engadini - The uvemvane kuholela yokuphila ebusuku. Ukulimala kubangelwa izibungu zazo - amacimbi. Amacimbi amancane adla amaqabunga, ashiya kuphela umthambo wawo. Amacimbi amadala adla amaqabunga ngokuphelele, futhi anikeze ukudla uginindela wezithelo, agedle izimbobo ezinkulu zezimo ezahlukahlukene.
I-scoop yasebusika - amacimbi aleli bhungane aluma ezitshalweni nasezitshalweni ezincane ebusweni bomhlabathi.
Ama-aphid amnandi - Isinambuzane esisabalele esikhula esimweni sezulu esinomswakama nesifudumele. Kutholakala ngobuningi obukhulu ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, amahlumela nezimbali bese kuthatha amajusi kubo, kubenze banciphe futhi bome. Kuholela ekunciphiseni ukukhula kanye nokufa kwezitshalo.
Ilinde izeluleko zakho ukuze ikhule squash!
