Ithanga liqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengesitshalo semifino esibalulekile. Izitsha ezivela kwithanga zigaywa kalula, ziqukethe izinto eziningi ezilusizo lomzimba futhi zingabizi kakhulu. Kodwa futhi iningi labomama abasemakhaya abengeza ithanga ezinhlolweni, abenze ujusi obumnandi noma izimila zobusika, futhi abalimi abazi ukuthi amasiko ahlukahlukene ahehayo ahlangene ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zitshalo azihlali nje kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi zinezinhloso ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo zethanga
Uhlobo lweCucurbita, oluhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zethanga, luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-18, iningi lazo ezingenalo inani lokuphakama, kanti ezinye zisetshenziswa njengokudla kwezimbali, zokuhlobisa nezimboni.
Isizinda esiyinhloko semvelaphi nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezinamathanga yiCentral and South America, lapho lezi zitshalo zazijwayela futhi zisetshenziswa ngabantu ezikhathini zasendulo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izingxhaso zivela esifundeni sase-Asia nase-Afrika. Njengamanje, sibonga ukuthuthuka kobudlelwano phakathi kwamazwe namazwekazi, abalimi banokufinyelela kuko konke ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo, futhi ungazama ukukhulisa izitshalo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu esizeni sakho.
Futhi odume kakhulu emhlabeni wezinhlobo zamasiko ezinhloso zokudla ufaka:
- ithanga elikhulu elinezithelo noma iCucurbita maxima;
- ithanga elinzima noma iCucurbita pepo;
- squash we-nutmeg noma i-Cucurbita moschata.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezimbili, okungukuthi ithanga elikhulu elinezithelo ezinkulu nezinobisi olukhuni, nazo sezikhuliselwe ukudla kwemfuyo.
Enye yezindawo ezinkulukazi ezinezithelo ezinkulu ithanga elikhonjiswe esithombeni ngesimo esisebenzayo, elikhumbuza izigqoko zaseTurkey futhi likhule njengesiko lokuhlobisa. Kepha abathandekayo abaningi be-zucchini nama-squash, yize bedliwa ngohlobo lwama-greens, nabo bangamalungu amathanga futhi bangabayizinhlobo zeCucurbita pepo.
Ngezinto eziningi ezijwayelekile nezakhiwo, izinhlobo zezithanga ezitshaliwe nezinhlobonhlobo, njengasesithombeni, zinokuhluka okuningi ekubukekeni kwezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo nezithelo, kanye nekhwalithi yazo.
Uma sicabangela iziqu, ke ngamathanga amakhulu anezithelo, azoba cishe ayindilinga, futhi akhonkwane kanzima anobuso obonakala kahle.
Ungasibona isitshalo esiyinhlobo ye-Cucurbita maxima cishe ngamapuleti eqabunga acwebile, ngenkathi ithanga le-nutmeg, i-notch enkabeni ibonakala kahle emaqabunga. Futhi amaqabunga wethanga elinamagxolo anamandla ambozwe ngenqwaba enokhavu, enjenge-spike.
- Izithelo zamathanga anzima-amagxolo namabala amakhulu anezihlahla zivame ukuba nomumo oyindilinga noma ophakeme, kanti imbewu itholakala phakathi kwesithelo ngamakhonkolo amaningi.
- Kwithanga le-nutmeg ebunjiwe, inyama ihlala cishe yonke ivolumu yezithelo, futhi kunezimbewu ezimbalwa kakhulu, futhi zisondele esiphelweni esandayo.
Kwenziwe eRussia nasemhlabeni wonke amathanga angaba nefomu lokukhuphuka noma lesihlahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu elingaphansi lamathanga asehlathini, njengasesithombeni, lifaka i-zucchini, i-zucchini, kanye no-squash, osikiwe esitshalweni esineminyaka engu-6-16 ubudala.
Manje yini le noma lolu hlobo lwethanga elilungele? Yiziphi izici nezici zayo? Ukuqonda konke ukwehluka kuzosiza izinhlobo zezithombe nezinhlobo zamathanga.
Ithanga elikhulu elinezithelo ezinkulu (Cucurbita maxima)
Igama lale hlobo lwethanga lizikhulumela lona.
Izinhlobo zamathanga amakhulu anezithelo ezinkulu zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi emhlabeni wonke, kepha amakhophi avelele kakhulu angatholakala kuphela ezimeni zehlobo elifudumele lasehlobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isisindo samathanga sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angamakhulu ambalwa, futhi izinhlobo ze-gourmet ziqongelela kuze kufike ku-15% ushukela.
Akumangazi ukuthi iCucurbita maxima yayiwumpompe osatshalaliswa kabanzi ezweni lakubo, iPeru, kanye nasezifundeni eziseningizimu ye-USA, iBolivia neNdiya, lapho kwatholakala khona izinhlobo eziningi ezithintekayo zasendaweni. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amathanga amakhulu anezithelo ezinkulu, noma ezizinhlobo ezifanayo, ayamangala ngemimo yazo, imibala kanye nosayizi wayo. Kanye nezitshalo ezinkulu, kukhona izimfushane ezinikeza izithelo ezinesizotha kakhulu, njengompompo wethoshi osanda kukhulunywa, esithombeni.
Ummeleli ovelele wezinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo emibhedeni yaseRussia angabhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa njengethanga le- "Hundred pound", okuthi esithombeni kukhule kufike ku-10-15 kg kulayini ophakathi nendawo, futhi ezindaweni ezifudumele zijabulisa izakhamuzi zasehlobo ngezithelo ezingama-35-50 kg. Izinhlobonhlobo zethanga zihlukaniswa yigxolo le-orange elincane, i-pulp ephuzi ephuzi e-orange kanye nokumelana nezifo ezivamile zesiko.
Phakathi kwababambe irekhodi elinama-pumpkin amakhulu we-"Titan" ne "Merchant", abangayekanga abalimi iminyaka eminingi.
Kepha i-hybrid "Umama -zala" usanda kuvela emasimini yemifino, kepha isivele isisimamisile njengesivuno esiphakeme esiveza izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-20 kg. I-pulp yamathanga anjalo inothile ku-carotene, inokunambitheka okuhle futhi ayilahli ikhwalithi ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
I-Hardcore Pumpkin (Cucurbita Rero)
Lolu hlobo lwethanga elisakhula lwatholwa yizizwe zamaNdiya zaseMelika Ephakathi futhi selungesinye sezitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu, uma kungenjalo, endaweni.
Isitshalo semifino saminyaka yonke, namuhla esifanekiselwa inqwaba yezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo, sikhula yonke indawo ukusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya ezifundeni eziphakathi zase-United States. Kulesi siko kukhona nezitshalo ezikhuphukayo nezihlahleni, kanti ingxenye yezindawo ezingaphansi kwazo ngamathanga okuhlobisa, njengasesithombeni, asetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa ingadi nengaphakathi.
ICucurbita pepo, njengenhlobo, ihlukaniswe izinhlobonhlobo ezimbalwa ezizimele, phakathi kwazo: ithanga elibilikiswe kanzima, i-zucchini ne-squash.
Ithanga elibiliswe kanzima labizwa ngegama ngenxa yokuqhekeka, ubumba obukhulu kakhulu begxolo, kuthola amandla lapho izithelo zivuthwa. Le yinhlobo yokuqala yezingadi zaseRussia, kepha abathandi bethanga kufanele banake ukuthi uginindela wezithelo zalolu hlobo ungaba mubi impela, ngakho-ke kufanele ukhethe izinhlobo zokulinyelwa ngokucophelela. Namuhla, abahlali behlobo banikezwa nzalo eminingi ehehayo nezinhlobo zamathanga, phakathi kwabo kukhona izitshalo zokubukeka okungajwayelekile nezakhiwo.
Ithanga lokuvuthwa lokuqala elinamandla le-"Spaghetti" livuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-65-80 kuthi kuthi lapho kukhula kube yisitshalo eside esinezimbali ezinezithelo eziqanda ezinombala ophuzi noma kokhilimu. Isisindo sethanga sisuka ku-800 kuye ku-1.5 kg, kepha isici esiyinhloko sezinhlobonhlobo sifihlwe ngaphansi kwamagxolo aqinile. Le pulp enamanzi ehlukana iba yimicu eyodwa, ukubonakala kwayo okunikeze igama izinhlobonhlobo. Ubumnandi baleli thanga, esithombeni, bancane, kepha okuhlukahlukene kuyathandwa ngabadli bemifino kanye nabazinikele ekudla okunempilo ukuze bathole ithuba lokudla “nge-pasta” yemifino engajwayelekile.
I-Amazon luhlobo lwethanga elivuthiwe lokuqala inani layo eliyinhloko elehlukaniswa izithelo ezincane ezinesisindo sekhilogremu. I-Juicy orange uginindela wethanga ucebile ushukela kanye ne-carotene, ubalulekile ekudleni kwengane nokudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobonhlobo ezikhiqizayo zingavezwa ngamathanga asehlathini ngemivimbo emifushane, engakhuli kahle.
Ithambo le-Gymnosperm lifanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile balimi. Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okuphakathi kwenkathi, kwakha izitshalo ngemivimbo emide enamandla afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ubude. Isisindo sethanga elilodwa ngu-3-5 kg, uginindela ungowolintshi, uthambile.
Isici esibonakalayo sesiko imbewu enambitheka enothile kawoyela ngaphandle kokubopha okunzima komhlaba. Ithanga elisesithombeni alithobeki, kodwa alikwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngenxa yengozi yokuhluma kwembewu ngaphakathi kwesithelo.
Izinhlobo ezi-ultra-ezivuthiwe zethanga lethanga elithi "Ukumamatheka" zibekezelela kalula isithwathwa, ziyavunwa futhi zibhekwa njengomthombo wezithelo ezimnandi ezihlukanisiwe nge-pulp smelling like a melon real.
Isibonelo esijwayelekile sezinhlobo zamathanga e-bushkin zikhula ngo-squash kanye no-squash engadini ngayinye, kanye ne-zucchini ethandwa namuhla ngezithelo zazo zonke izithunzi eziphuzi neziluhlaza.
I-Nutmeg Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)
I-Muscat squash ingabizwa ngokuthi imnandi kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe. Akumangazi ukuthi imbewu yalesi siko ethize yatholwa abavubukuli ekufundeni kwezindawo ezindala kakhulu eMelika.
Ngokuya ngezimpawu ze-morphological, okungukuthi, ukubukeka kweziqu, amaqabunga nezimbali, lolu hlobo lwethanga lunesikhundla esiphakathi kweCucurbita maxima neCucurbita pepo. Kepha uginindela wezithelo ngokubukeka nokunambitheka kwehluke kakhulu, ngoba ngokwesilinganiso uqukethe ushukela ongafika ku-11.5%, unamakha, unamafutha futhi unephunga elimnandi.
Kuliqiniso, kulukhuni ngokwengeziwe ukukhulisa izithelo zompompo we-nutmeg kunezihlahla ezinkulu noma ezinezikhonkwane ezinzima. Izitshalo zifuna ukushisa nomswakama, kanti izinhlobo zamathanga ziba maphakathi nesizini noma sekwephuzile. Emhlabeni kukhona subspecies eziyisithupha ze-nutmeg ithanga. Kepha athandwa kakhulu ngamathanga abunjwe ngunda, ngenxa yokunambitheka nokuthungwa kwepulpula okubizwa nge- "butternut" - ibhotela nati.
Kubahlali basehlobo baseRussia, abafuyi bezitshalo banikeza izinhlobo zamakhaza ezingalimali ezibandayo zalolu hlobo, zilethe izithelo ezimnandi, ezimnandi ngezinsuku ezingama-90-120.
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuqala ze-natimeg squash "Ushukela Mace" zikhuphuka izitshalo lapho izithelo ezingafika kwezi-8 ezinesisindo ukusuka kwelinye nohhafu kuya kwamakhilogremu amabili zingavuthwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Ubumqoka bezinhlobonhlobo zethanga, njengasesithombeni, ukwakheka okungathandeki kwezithelo, nokuvuthwa kwazo maduze. Isipuni esimnandi nesinamafutha, sinothile ku-carotene, amavithamini futhi singasetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-juices, ukudla kwezingane nezinye izinhlobo zokucubungula okubabazekayo
I-pumpkin cultivar "uPearl" uvuthwa ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. Izithelo kuleli cala zinobukhulu bethanga elimise okwenziwe ngethanga futhi lifinyelela ku-3-6 kg ngesisindo. I-pulp e-orange ehlanganisiwe iqukethe ushukela omningi kanye ne-carotene, okuyenza ilungele ukondleka kwengane nokwelashwa. Izitshalo zibekezelela izikhathi ezomile, futhi izithelo zingavuthwa ezimweni zasekamelweni.
"Iphayinaphu" ithanga le-nutmeg iyi-hybrid yaphakathi nesizini enemivimbo emide nezithelo zobudlova obunjenge-pearl ezinesisindo esingu-2,5 kg. Amagxolo amathanga alokhu okuhlukahlukene, njengasesithombeni, anokhilimu noma opende ophuzi, inyama ingabuthela kuze kufike ku-10% ushukela. Ithanga lohlobo lwe-nutmeg luyasebenza futhi alunqotshwa izifo.
I-Leafy Pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia)
Ehlathini lasePeru kunendawo yokuhlala nolunye uhlobo lwethanga, okuthi, ngokungafani nezitshalo esele zichaziwe, yisiko laphakade.
Ngaphandle, ithanga eliluhlaza, ebusweni lapho iphethini elimhlophe elimhlophe libonakala kahle, libukeka kakhulu njengekhabethe elingavuthiwe kusiko. Isithelo se-oval noma esidlulileko sethanga elinamaqabunga sinenyama emhlophe noma ephuzi enephunga elimnandi nokunambitheka. Imbewu ifana ne-ikhabe ngesimo nangegobolondo elimnyama. Izitshalo zinamandla, zenyuka, amahlumela ngamanye afinyelela ubude bamamitha ayi-10.
Amathanga aluhlaza alolu hlobo asetshenziswa ezitsheni eziseceleni zemifino, athole ukwelashwa okushisa okuthe xaxa, futhi avuthiwe yilezi zinto ezingavuthiwe ze-confectionery neziphuzo zotshwala. Yize kunemvelaphi eshisayo, lolu hlobo lwethanga, njengasesithombeni, lukhula kalula ngisho naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yezwe.
I-Wax Gourd (Benincasa hispida)
Amathanga aluhlaza alolu hlobo lwenhlobo yokuqala ayaziwa e-Southeast kuphela. Kepha namuhla, izinhlobo zokuqala zethanga zohlobo lweBenincasa hispida zivele eRussia. Izithelo zomthunzi oluhlaza obumnyama zinamagxolo aminyene angajwayelekile, lapho uthinta ufana ne-wax.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-wax ezingama-Chengzhou zikhiqiza izithelo ezilungele ukuvuna ezinsukwini ezingama-125-130 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela. Amathanga avuthwa ngemivimbo eminingi enamandla. Isisindo sezithelo ngasinye sifinyelela ku-6-15 kg, futhi ubude baso buvela ku-25 kuye ku-50 cm.
Isithunzi se-Milky se-pulp salolu hlobo lwethanga singasetshenziswa kwifomu elibilisiwe, le-stewed noma elithosiwe. Ngenhloso yokunikela, basebenzisa amathanga womabili aluhlaza ongafinyelelanga ukuvuthwa nezithelo ezivuthiwe. Njengoba uvuthwa, ithanga liqongelela inani elithile loshukela, kepha alikwazi ukuqhathaniswa nethanga le-nutmeg. Kepha i-wax gourd iyirekhodi lokugcina impilo eshalofini. Ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi, izithelo zingafinyelela eminyakeni engama-2-3.
